Supplementary information for:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Supplementary information for:"

Transcription

1 Supplementary information for: Independent hypothalamic circuits for social and predator fear Bianca A. Silva, Camilla Mattucci, Piotr Krzywkowski, Emanuele Murana, Anna Illarionova, Valery Grinevich, Newton S. Canteras, Davide Ragozzino, Cornelius T. Gross Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

2 a Habituation Flights (n) *** *** *** * *** Stimulus Context 2 tor fic ck Predator Social Foot shock rat Fake rat Supplementary Figure 1 (related to Figure 1a-d). Flight behavior elicited in mice by different classes of threat. (a) The number of flight behaviors performed during the poststimulus (Stimulus) free exploration period were significantly increased after predator (P<,.1), aggressive conspecific (P<,.1), and foot shock (P<,.1), but not toy rat (P =.5) exposure when compared to the pre-stimulus habituation (Habituation) session. Re-exposure to the context (Context) elicited an increase in flights to predator (P<,.1) and foot shock (P =.21), but not aggressive conspecific (P =.21) or toy rat (P =.77) (Predator: N = 15, Social: N = 9, Foot shock: N = 6, Fake rat: N = 6, * P <.5, *** P <.1). Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

3 Supplementary Figure 2. (related to Fig. 2a-d). TomatoF expression in Nr5a1::hM4D-2AtomatoF transgenic mice (rostral part). Farnesylated tomato (tom-f, see Fig. 2a) expression was found in cell bodies in the VMHdm and in projections in a number of previously reported target brain regions [1]. Fluorescent images of rostral to caudal coronal brain sections from Nr5a1::hM4D-2A-tomatoF transgenic mice are shown overlaid with the outlines of mouse brain structures deriving from a standard anatomical atlas [22]. Atlas outlines were morphed in some cases to better match the sections. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

4 Supplementary Figure 3. (related to Fig. 2a-d). TomatoF expression in Nr5a1::hM4D-2AtomatoF transgenic mice (caudal part). Farnesylated tomato (tom-f, see Fig. 2a) expression was found in cell bodies in the VMHdm and in projections in a number of previously reported target brain regions [1]. Fluorescent images of rostral to caudal coronal brain sections from Nr5a1::hM4D-2A-tomatoF transgenic mice are shown overlaid with the outlines of mouse brain structures deriving from a standard anatomical atlas [22]. Atlas outlines were morphed in some cases to better match the sections. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

5 a Supplementary Figure 4 (related to Fig. 2f). HA-hM4D is selectively expressed in VMHdm of Nr5a1::hM4D-2A-tomatoF mice. (a) Immunofluorecence with anti-ha antibodies in coronal brain sections of Nr5a1::hM4D-2A-tomatoF transgenic mice revealed robust expression of HA-hM4D in the dorsal-medial and central portions of VMH. No detectable anti-ha staining was seen outside VMH. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

6 a b 1 6 colors all def vs infection VMHvl VMHvl inf (1 3 µm 2 ) c e d VMHvl inf (1 3 µm 2 ) f Defensive behaviors (s) Defensive def behvavior behaviors (s) 8 VMHvl inf (1 3 µm 2 ) Defensive def behvavior behaviors (s) Supplementary Figure 5 (related to Fig. 3e-f). Extent of infection and its correlation with defensive behavior in mice locally injected with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in VMHvl. (a, c, e) Diagrams and (b, d, f) quantitative graphs of the extent of infection as estimated by Venus reporter gene expression in individuals from three groups (ab, cd, ef) of mice injected locally with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in the VMHvl and treated with CNO. Diagrams show the color-coded extent of infection superimposed on a coronal brain section from a standard atlas [22] (Bregma -1.82). Graphs show the total area of bilateral infection in posterior VMHvl (color-coding matches diagrams) plotted against the defensive behavior displayed by CNO treated animals in response to exposure to an aggressive conspecific. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

7 a VMHvl tr 21 b tr 21 VMHdm 8 8 VMHvl inf (1 3 µm 2 ) c Defensive def behvavior behaviors (s) LH VMHdm inf (1 3 µm 2 ) d Defensive def behvavior behaviors (s) Tuberal LH inf (1 3 µm 2 ) Tuberal inf (1 3 µm 2 ) e Inf (1 3 µm 2 ) Defensive behaviors (s) * VMHvl VMHdm f Defensive behaviors (s) 1=VMHdm, 2=VMHvl, 3=Tuberal, 4+5= LH, Supplementary Figure 6 (related to Fig. 3d-e). Correlation of extent of infection in different hypothalamic areas and defensive behaviors in mice locally injected with AAV- Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in VMHvl. Extent of infection (total bilateral area) in (a) VMHvl, (b) VMHdm, (c) lateral hypothalamus (LH), and (d) tuberal nucleus plotted against the amount of defensive behaviors displayed by CNO treated animals in response to exposure to an aggressive conspecific. Correlation between the extent of infection and defensive behavior was calculated by MANCOVA (P =.32) followed by pairwise correlations with VMHvl (Pearson s r =.78, P =.46), VMHdm (Pearson s r =.524, P =.545), LH (Pearson s r =.482, P =.85), and tuberal (Pearson s r =.315, P =.273) nuclei. For the statistical analysis outliers (reported in lighter grey) showing poor infection (< 2, µm 2 total infection, N = 3) or behavior (> 1.5 x IQR above third quartile, N = 2) were excluded. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

8 (e) A significantly lower extent of infection was seen in VMHdm compared to VMHvl in these animals (N =19, * P <.35). (f) Scheme of the areas used for quantification of each region. Rectangular areas were matched on nuclei from a standard atlas [22]. For quantification in the tuberal nucleus we considered the area located in the base of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus, just laterally to the VMHvl as described by [1]. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

9 a 8 b 25 Vehicle CNO Attacks (n) Upright postures(s) al no Supplementary Figure 7 (related to Fig. 3d-f). Attacks received and submissive behavior were not affected by pharmacogenetic inhibition of VMHvl. Number of (b) upright postures (P =.19) or (a) biting attacks (P =.58) received by the experimental mouse infected in VMHvl with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D during the encounter with the aggressive stimulus mouse was not altered by CNO treatment when compared to vehicle treated control mice (VMHvl: N = 17-19, P >.5). Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

10 a b only>5% dlcamilla's def vs inj 8 Social inf dpag inf (%) c Defensive def behaviors consp (s) Data 2 d 8 Foot shock dpag inf (%) 6 DM atlas_-4.6 DMatlas_-4.36 DM atlas_-4.16 DM average total Average DL atlas_-4.6 DLatlas_-4.36 DL atlas_-4.16 DL average DM+L DM+DL L VL DL average DM+DL+L DM+L dpag DM+DL DM Legend Defensive def behaviors consp (s) e f Data 1 8 dm dl l vlpag dm+dl dpag Predator dpag inf (%) Defensive defbehaviors pred (s) Supplementary Figure 8 (related to Fig. 3g-h). Extent of infection and its correlation with defensive behavior in mice locally injected with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in dpag. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

11 (a, c, e) Diagrams and (b, d, f) quantitative graphs of the extent of infection as estimated by Venus reporter gene expression in mice injected locally with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in the dpag and treated with CNO. Diagrams show the color-coded extent of infection superimposed on a coronal brain section from a standard atlas [22] (Bregma -4.36). Graphs show the average percentage of bilateral infection in dpag (color-coding matches diagrams) plotted against the defensive behavior displayed by CNO-treated animals in response to exposure to an aggressive conspecific (ab, Social; cd, Foot shock; ef, predator). Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

12 a b Defensive behaviors (s) * ns PAG vehicle PAG CNO SC CNO al o m Supplementary Figure 9 (related to Fig. 3g-h). Mice injected with AAV-Syn::Venus-2AhM4D in superior colliculus (SC) and treated with CNO do not show decreased defensive behavior to a predatory rat. (a) CNO-treated mice locally injected with AAV- Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in dpag (N = 13, P =.3), but not SC (N = 4, P =.81) showed a decrease in defensive behaviors to a predatory rat compared to similarly infected vehicletreated mice (N = 5). (b) Diagram showing the extent of infection superimposed on a coronal brain section from a standard atlas [22] (Bregma -4.36) in individual CNO-treated mice injected with AAV-Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D in SC. Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

13 a b interactiontcamilla's 8 2 Vehicle CNO Attacks (n) Upright postures(s) al o al o Supplementary Figure 1 (related to Fig. 3g-h). Attacks received and submissive behaviors following pharmacogenetic inhibition of dpag. CNO treatment did not change the (a) number of attacks received (P =.93) by mice infected in dpag with AAV- Syn::Venus-2A-hM4D. (b) Time spent in upright postures (P =.19) during the encounter with the aggressive stimulus mouse was decreased by CNO treatment when compared to vehicle treated control mice (N = 9-1). Nature Neuroscience: doi:1.138/nn.3573

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Splenic atrophy and leucopenia caused by T3 SCI.

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Splenic atrophy and leucopenia caused by T3 SCI. Supplementary Figure 1 Splenic atrophy and leucopenia caused by T3 SCI. (a) Gross anatomy of representative spleens from control and T3 SCI mice at 28 days post-injury. (b and c) Hematoxylin and eosin

More information

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO. Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Biologiche e Molecolari. XXVI Ciclo

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO. Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Biologiche e Molecolari. XXVI Ciclo UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze Biologiche e Molecolari XXVI Ciclo Independent hypothalamic circuits for social and predator fear B. A. Silva PhD Thesis Scientific tutor:

More information

Supplementary Figure 1

Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Short latency of the fepsp evoked in CA3 by electrical stimulation of perforant path inputs (a) Single and superimposed representative perforant pathway-ca3

More information

Supplemental Information. A Visual-Cue-Dependent Memory Circuit. for Place Navigation

Supplemental Information. A Visual-Cue-Dependent Memory Circuit. for Place Navigation Neuron, Volume 99 Supplemental Information A Visual-Cue-Dependent Memory Circuit for Place Navigation Han Qin, Ling Fu, Bo Hu, Xiang Liao, Jian Lu, Wenjing He, Shanshan Liang, Kuan Zhang, Ruijie Li, Jiwei

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Diverse anorexigenic signals induce c-fos expression in CEl PKC-δ + neurons

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Diverse anorexigenic signals induce c-fos expression in CEl PKC-δ + neurons Supplementary Figure 1 Diverse anorexigenic signals induce c-fos expression in CEl PKC-δ + neurons a-c. Quantification of CEl c-fos expression in mice intraperitoneal injected with anorexigenic drugs (a),

More information

Research Paper. Christopher W. Butler, 1 Yvette M. Wilson, 1 Jenny M. Gunnersen, and Mark Murphy

Research Paper. Christopher W. Butler, 1 Yvette M. Wilson, 1 Jenny M. Gunnersen, and Mark Murphy Research Paper Tracking the fear memory engram: discrete populations of neurons within amygdala, hypothalamus, and lateral septum are specifically activated by auditory fear conditioning Christopher W.

More information

Hormonal gain control of a medial preoptic area social reward circuit

Hormonal gain control of a medial preoptic area social reward circuit CORRECTION NOTICE Nat. Neurosci. 20, 449 458 (2017) Hormonal gain control of a medial preoptic area social reward circuit Jenna A McHenry, James M Otis, Mark A Rossi, J Elliott Robinson, Oksana Kosyk,

More information

Zhu et al, page 1. Supplementary Figures

Zhu et al, page 1. Supplementary Figures Zhu et al, page 1 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Visual behavior and avoidance behavioral response in EPM trials. (a) Measures of visual behavior that performed the light avoidance behavior

More information

Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6

Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6 Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6 I. WHAT IS AN EMOTION? A. Three components (Oately & Jenkins, 1996) 1. caused by conscious or unconscious evaluation of an event as relevant to a goal that is important

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi: 10.1038/nature06310 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION www.nature.com/nature 1 www.nature.com/nature 2 www.nature.com/nature 3 Supplementary Figure S1 Spontaneous duration of wake, SWS and REM sleep (expressed

More information

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007

9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Emotion Sebastian Seung

More information

Transcranial Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulates Intact Brain Circuits

Transcranial Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulates Intact Brain Circuits Neuron, Volume 66 Supplemental Information Transcranial Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulates Intact Brain Circuits Yusuf Tufail, Alexei Matyushov, Nathan Baldwin, Monica L. Tauchmann, Joseph Georges, Anna Yoshihiro,

More information

Nature Neuroscience doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Characterization of viral injections.

Nature Neuroscience doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Characterization of viral injections. Supplementary Figure 1 Characterization of viral injections. (a) Dorsal view of a mouse brain (dashed white outline) after receiving a large, unilateral thalamic injection (~100 nl); demonstrating that

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. ACx plasticity is required for fear conditioning.

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. ACx plasticity is required for fear conditioning. Supplementary Figure 1 ACx plasticity is required for fear conditioning. (a) Freezing time of conditioned and control mice before CS presentation and during CS presentation in a new context. Student s

More information

Supplementary Figure 1

Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Arcuate ChIEF-tdTomato neurons expressed TH These micrographs show that TH-Cre-ChIEF-tdTomato (magenta), expressed by AAV in a TH-Cre mouse, were immunostained with TH (green) in

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of starter cells for RV-mediated retrograde tracing.

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of starter cells for RV-mediated retrograde tracing. Supplementary Figure 1 Distribution of starter cells for RV-mediated retrograde tracing. Parcellation of cortical areas is based on Allen Mouse Brain Atlas and drawn to scale. Thick white curves, outlines

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Large-scale calcium imaging in vivo.

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Large-scale calcium imaging in vivo. Supplementary Figure 1 Large-scale calcium imaging in vivo. (a) Schematic illustration of the in vivo camera imaging set-up for large-scale calcium imaging. (b) High-magnification two-photon image from

More information

Supplemental Information. A Labeled-Line Neural Circuit. for Pheromone-Mediated Sexual Behaviors in Mice

Supplemental Information. A Labeled-Line Neural Circuit. for Pheromone-Mediated Sexual Behaviors in Mice Neuron, Volume Supplemental Information A Labeled-Line Neural Circuit for Pheromone-Mediated Sexual Behaviors in Mice Kentaro K. Ishii, Takuya Osakada, Hiromi Mori, Nobuhiko Miyasaka, Yoshihiro Yoshihara,

More information

Hypothalamus. To learn how the brain regulates neuroendocrine secretions NTA Ch 14, pgs Key Figs: 14-3; 14-4,

Hypothalamus. To learn how the brain regulates neuroendocrine secretions NTA Ch 14, pgs Key Figs: 14-3; 14-4, Hypothalamus Objectives To learn the general organization of the hypothalamus and the functions of the major nuclei NTA Ch 14, pgs. 419-422 Key Figs: 14-2, 14-3 To learn how the brain regulates neuroendocrine

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Drd1a-Cre driven ChR2 expression in the SCN. (a) Low-magnification image of a representative Drd1a-ChR2 coronal brain section (n = 2) showing endogenous tdtomato fluorescence (magenta).

More information

Supplementary Figure 1 Information on transgenic mouse models and their recording and optogenetic equipment. (a) 108 (b-c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Supplementary Figure 1 Information on transgenic mouse models and their recording and optogenetic equipment. (a) 108 (b-c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Supplementary Figure 1 Information on transgenic mouse models and their recording and optogenetic equipment. (a) In four mice, cre-dependent expression of the hyperpolarizing opsin Arch in pyramidal cells

More information

-80 Figure 1. Identification of dopaminergic neurons in. VTA slices (a) Micrographs demonstrate the location of the VTA with

-80 Figure 1. Identification of dopaminergic neurons in. VTA slices (a) Micrographs demonstrate the location of the VTA with Potential (mv) A B C Potential (mv) D E F Biocytin TH Merge R 12 12 1 1 8 G 6 4 8 6 4 H 2 2-2 -2-4 -4-6 -6 Supplemental -8-8 Figure 1. Identification of dopaminergic neurons in -1 VTA slices. -1 (a) Micrographs

More information

The levels of mrna expression in the mouse brain were measured at 52 dpi after the brains were divided into five regions: cortex, hippocampus,

The levels of mrna expression in the mouse brain were measured at 52 dpi after the brains were divided into five regions: cortex, hippocampus, Supplemental material Supplemental method RNA extraction, reverse transcription, and real-time PCR The levels of mrna expression in the mouse brain were measured at 52 dpi after the brains were divided

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits Stephane Ciocchi 1,*, Cyril Herry 1,,*, François Grenier 1, Steffen B.E. Wolff 1, Johannes J. Letzkus 1, Ioannis Vlachos 3, Ingrid Ehrlich

More information

Introduction to Systems Neuroscience. Nov. 28, The limbic system. Daniel C. Kiper

Introduction to Systems Neuroscience. Nov. 28, The limbic system. Daniel C. Kiper Introduction to Systems Neuroscience Nov. 28, 2017 The limbic system Daniel C. Kiper kiper@ini.phys.ethz.ch http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html LIMBIC SYSTEM The term limbic system mean

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Atlas representations of the midcingulate (MCC) region targeted in this study compared against the anterior cingulate (ACC) region commonly reported. Coronal sections are shown on

More information

Nature Protocols: doi: /nprot Supplementary Figure 1. Effect of different enzymes on CD13 and CD31 populations.

Nature Protocols: doi: /nprot Supplementary Figure 1. Effect of different enzymes on CD13 and CD31 populations. Supplementary Figure 1 Effect of different enzymes on CD13 and CD31 populations. Comparison of cortex dissociated for 30 minutes with collagenase/dispase digestion (a) or papain (b). Papain degrades the

More information

The Organization of Defensive Behavior Elicited by Optogenetic Excitation of Rat Lateral or Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray

The Organization of Defensive Behavior Elicited by Optogenetic Excitation of Rat Lateral or Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray Behavioral Neuroscience 2016 American Psychological Association 2016, Vol. 130, No. 4, 406 414 0735-7044/16/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bne0000151 The Organization of Defensive Behavior Elicited by

More information

Ch. 18. Brain Mechanisms of Emotion. Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3 rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp

Ch. 18. Brain Mechanisms of Emotion. Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3 rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp Ch. 18. Brain Mechanisms of Emotion Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3 rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp 564-583. WHAT IS EMOTION? Love, hate, disgust, joy, shame, envy, guilt,

More information

Brainstem. Amadi O. Ihunwo, PhD School of Anatomical Sciences

Brainstem. Amadi O. Ihunwo, PhD School of Anatomical Sciences Brainstem Amadi O. Ihunwo, PhD School of Anatomical Sciences Lecture Outline Constituents Basic general internal features of brainstem External and Internal features of Midbrain Pons Medulla Constituents

More information

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 5-HTTLPR GENOTYPE, HARM AVOIDANCE, AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 5-HTTLPR GENOTYPE, HARM AVOIDANCE, AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 5-HTTLPR GENOTYPE, HARM AVOIDANCE, AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR Daniel Linford Faculty Mentors: Dr. Matthew Schmolesky, Dr. Barb Trask, Prof. Kraig Chugg. Psychology Theories of Aggression

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INORMATION Activation of the reward system boosts innate and adaptive immunity Tamar L. Ben-Shaanan 1,2, Hilla Azulay-Debby 1,2, Tania Dubovik 1, Elina Starosvetsky 1, Ben Korin 1,2, Maya

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4335

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4335 Supplementary Figure 1 Cholinergic neurons projecting to the VTA are concentrated in the caudal mesopontine region. (a) Schematic showing the sites of retrograde tracer injections in the VTA: cholera toxin

More information

mtorc2 controls actin polymerization required for consolidation of long-term memory

mtorc2 controls actin polymerization required for consolidation of long-term memory CORRECTION NOTICE Nat. Neurosci.; doi:1.138/nn.3351 mtorc2 controls actin polymerization required for consolidation of long-term memory Wei Huang, Ping Jun Zhu, Shixing Zhang, Hongyi Zhou, Loredana Stoica,

More information

Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens

Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens wolfger@ini.ethz.ch 18.9.2018 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934, Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906) Neurons

More information

ROCK/Cdc42-mediated microglial motility and gliapse formation lead to phagocytosis of degenerating dopaminergic neurons in vivo

ROCK/Cdc42-mediated microglial motility and gliapse formation lead to phagocytosis of degenerating dopaminergic neurons in vivo Supplementary Information ROCK/Cdc42-mediated microglial motility and gliapse formation lead to phagocytosis of degenerating dopaminergic neurons in vivo Carlos Barcia* 1,2, Carmen M Ros 1,2, Valentina

More information

Collateral Pathways from the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Defensive Behaviors

Collateral Pathways from the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Defensive Behaviors Article Collateral Pathways from the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Mediate Defensive Behaviors Highlights d Activating VMHdm/c SF1 cells induces defensive-like motor and autonomic responses d d d The VMH/PAG

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:1.138/nature9553 Supplementary Table 1. Overlap of neuronal marker and PKC- expression in CEl. Marker/PKC- PKC- Marker Gad65 87.4±4.7 5.3±12.6 CRH 1.2±1. 16.9±15.2 Dyn 1.9±1.2 4.5±2.9 Enk 42.8±7.4

More information

Organization of the nervous system 2

Organization of the nervous system 2 Organization of the nervous system 2 Raghav Rajan Bio 334 Neurobiology I August 22nd 2013 1 Orienting within the brain absolute axes and relative axes SUPERIOR (above) ANTERIOR (in front) Anterior/Posterior,

More information

Etv4 BU EMM Etv5 BC MMM UI-M-BH3- Elk1 BC MMM

Etv4 BU EMM Etv5 BC MMM UI-M-BH3- Elk1 BC MMM Supplementary Tables In situ hybridization probes Genbank Gene Accession Number Clone ID Cat. No Etv1 BC005645 PCR Etv4 BU053662 5062538 EMM1002-5544031 Etv5 BC034680 4036564 MMM1013-7511524 Fev AI876263

More information

Class 16 Emotions (10/19/17) Chapter 10

Class 16 Emotions (10/19/17) Chapter 10 Class 16 Emotions (10/19/17) Chapter 10 Notes By: Rashea Psych 302 10/19/17 Emotions The issues o Innate or learned? o Voluntary or involuntary? (conscious/unconscious) o Adaptive behavior or communication?

More information

Supplementary Figure 1: Kv7 currents in neonatal CA1 neurons measured with the classic M- current voltage-clamp protocol.

Supplementary Figure 1: Kv7 currents in neonatal CA1 neurons measured with the classic M- current voltage-clamp protocol. Supplementary Figures 1-11 Supplementary Figure 1: Kv7 currents in neonatal CA1 neurons measured with the classic M- current voltage-clamp protocol. (a), Voltage-clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons

More information

Prof. Anagnostaras, Lecture 7: Fear

Prof. Anagnostaras, Lecture 7: Fear Historical views that thought and emotion were processed separately in the brain Prof. Anagnostaras, Lecture 7: So far, fear is the best understood What is fear? Dictionary: A feeling of agitation and

More information

Supplementary Materials for

Supplementary Materials for advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1/10/e1500775/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Structural-functional connectivity deficits of neocortical circuits in the Fmr1 /y mouse model of autism Matthias

More information

Physiological Society Symposium Nociceptors as Homeostatic Afferents: Central Processing

Physiological Society Symposium Nociceptors as Homeostatic Afferents: Central Processing Physiological Society Symposium Nociceptors as Homeostatic Afferents: Central Processing Distinct central representations of inescapable and escapable pain: observations and speculation Kevin A. Keay *

More information

ZNZ Advanced Course in Neuroscience Mon Limbic System II. David P. Wolfer MD

ZNZ Advanced Course in Neuroscience Mon Limbic System II. David P. Wolfer MD ZNZ Advanced Course in Neuroscience Mon 05.05.2014 Limbic System II David P. Wolfer MD Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich Institute for Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich http://www.dpwolfer.ch

More information

Ophthalmology, Radiation Oncology,

Ophthalmology, Radiation Oncology, Supporting Online Material Journal: Nature Neuroscience Article Title: Corresponding Author: All Authors: Affiliations: Tanycytes of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence Form a Diet- Responsive Neurogenic

More information

The Dorsolateral Periaqueductal Gray and Its Role in Mediating Fear Learning to Life Threatening Events

The Dorsolateral Periaqueductal Gray and Its Role in Mediating Fear Learning to Life Threatening Events The Dorsolateral Periaqueductal Gray and Its Role in Mediating Fear Learning to Life Threatening Events Grasielle C. Kincheski 1, Sandra R. Mota-Ortiz 2, Eloisa Pavesi 1, Newton S. Canteras 3, Antônio

More information

Supplemental Information. Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes. Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain. and Regulates Ventricular Development

Supplemental Information. Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes. Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain. and Regulates Ventricular Development Current Biology, Volume Supplemental Information Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain and Regulates Ventricular Development Emilie W. Olstad, Christa Ringers, Jan N.

More information

Dopamine in Ube3a m-/p+ mice. Online Supplemental Material

Dopamine in Ube3a m-/p+ mice. Online Supplemental Material Online Supplemental Material S1 Supplemental Figure 1. Schematic of rate-dependent intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) (A) Mice implanted with monopolar stimulating electrodes to the medial forebrain

More information

Supplemental Information. Dorsal Raphe Dual Serotonin-Glutamate Neurons. Drive Reward by Establishing Excitatory Synapses

Supplemental Information. Dorsal Raphe Dual Serotonin-Glutamate Neurons. Drive Reward by Establishing Excitatory Synapses Cell Reports, Volume 26 Supplemental Information Dorsal Raphe Dual Serotonin-Glutamate Neurons Drive Reward by Establishing Excitatory Synapses on VTA Mesoaccumbens Dopamine Neurons Hui-Ling Wang, Shiliang

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Trial structure for go/no-go behavior

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Trial structure for go/no-go behavior Supplementary Figure 1 Trial structure for go/no-go behavior a, Overall timeline of experiments. Day 1: A1 mapping, injection of AAV1-SYN-GCAMP6s, cranial window and headpost implantation. Water restriction

More information

Emotion I: General concepts, fear and anxiety

Emotion I: General concepts, fear and anxiety C82NAB Neuroscience and Behaviour Emotion I: General concepts, fear and anxiety Tobias Bast, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham 1 Outline Emotion I (first part) Studying brain substrates of

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi: 10.1038/nature06994 A phosphatase cascade by which rewarding stimuli control nucleosomal response A. Stipanovich*, E. Valjent*, M. Matamales*, A. Nishi, J.H. Ahn, M. Maroteaux, J. Bertran-Gonzalez,

More information

Overview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota

Overview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Overview of the Nervous System (some basic concepts) Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota 1 Coffee Hour Tuesday (Sept 11) 10:00-11:00am Friday (Sept 14) 8:30-9:30am Surdyk s

More information

Behavioral generalization

Behavioral generalization Supplementary Figure 1 Behavioral generalization. a. Behavioral generalization curves in four Individual sessions. Shown is the conditioned response (CR, mean ± SEM), as a function of absolute (main) or

More information

Authors: K. L. Arendt, M. Royo, M. Fernández-Monreal, S. Knafo, C. N. Petrok, J.

Authors: K. L. Arendt, M. Royo, M. Fernández-Monreal, S. Knafo, C. N. Petrok, J. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Title: PIP 3 controls synaptic function by maintaining AMPA receptor clustering at the postsynaptic membrane Authors: K. L. Arendt, M. Royo, M. Fernández-Monreal, S. Knafo, C.

More information

<student name> Undergraduate Research Grant Proposal

<student name> Undergraduate Research Grant Proposal Undergraduate Research Grant Proposal A. Project Description Objective of research: The objective of this study is to determine if hippocampal dopamine D1 receptors facilitate novel object

More information

Clarke's Column Neurons as the Focus of a Corticospinal Corollary Circuit. Supplementary Information. Adam W. Hantman and Thomas M.

Clarke's Column Neurons as the Focus of a Corticospinal Corollary Circuit. Supplementary Information. Adam W. Hantman and Thomas M. Clarke's Column Neurons as the Focus of a Corticospinal Corollary Circuit Supplementary Information Adam W. Hantman and Thomas M. Jessell Supplementary Results Characterizing the origin of primary

More information

Cortical Control of Movement

Cortical Control of Movement Strick Lecture 2 March 24, 2006 Page 1 Cortical Control of Movement Four parts of this lecture: I) Anatomical Framework, II) Physiological Framework, III) Primary Motor Cortex Function and IV) Premotor

More information

Medical Neuroscience Tutorial

Medical Neuroscience Tutorial Pain Pathways Medical Neuroscience Tutorial Pain Pathways MAP TO NEUROSCIENCE CORE CONCEPTS 1 NCC1. The brain is the body's most complex organ. NCC3. Genetically determined circuits are the foundation

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI:.38/ncb3399 a b c d FSP DAPI 5mm mm 5mm 5mm e Correspond to melanoma in-situ Figure a DCT FSP- f MITF mm mm MlanaA melanoma in-situ DCT 5mm FSP- mm mm mm mm mm g melanoma in-situ MITF MlanaA mm mm

More information

Nature Biotechnology: doi: /nbt Supplementary Figure 1

Nature Biotechnology: doi: /nbt Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Representative images of an in vitro comparison of several AAV serotypes regarding egfp expression in cochlear explants of CBA/CaJ mice. (A-F): Results after incubation at equal

More information

Female and male sexual responses in female cats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions

Female and male sexual responses in female cats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions Leedy, M.G., & Hart, B.L. (1985). Female and male sexual responses in female cats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 99(5): 936-941. (Oct 1985) Published by the American Psychological

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Confirmation that optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons affects choice

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Confirmation that optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons affects choice Supplementary Figure 1 Confirmation that optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons affects choice (a) Sample behavioral trace as in Figure 1d, but with NpHR stimulation trials depicted as green blocks

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4332

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4332 Nature Neuroscience: doi:10.1038/nn.4332 Supplementary Figure 1 Topography and termination patterns of cortico-striatal projections (a) Manual inspection of ~150 tracer-labeled cortico-striatal pathways

More information

BRaf V600E cooperates with Pten silencing to elicit metastatic melanoma (Nature Genetics Supplementary Information)

BRaf V600E cooperates with Pten silencing to elicit metastatic melanoma (Nature Genetics Supplementary Information) BRaf V600E cooperates with Pten silencing to elicit metastatic melanoma (Nature Genetics Supplementary Information) David Dankort, David P. Curley, Robert A. Cartlidge, Betsy Nelson, Anthony N. Karnezis,

More information

POSTERIOR 1. situated behind: situated at or toward the hind part of the body :

POSTERIOR 1. situated behind: situated at or toward the hind part of the body : ANATOMICAL LOCATION Anatomy is a difficult subject with a large component of memorization. There is just no way around that, but we have made every effort to make this course diverse and fun. The first

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Distribution of GlyT2::eGFP fibers in the mouse thalamus at three different coronal levels. Note the innervation centered in the rostral (CL, PC) and caudal (PF) nuclear groups of

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 Subcellular segregation of VGluT2-IR and TH-IR within the same VGluT2-TH axon (wild type rats). (a-e) Serial sections of a dual VGluT2-TH labeled axon. This axon (blue outline) has

More information

Neurophysiology of systems

Neurophysiology of systems Neurophysiology of systems Motor cortex (voluntary movements) Dana Cohen, Room 410, tel: 7138 danacoh@gmail.com Voluntary movements vs. reflexes Same stimulus yields a different movement depending on context

More information

Specimen. Humeral Head. Femoral Head. Objective. Femoral Condyle (medial) Supplementary Figure 1

Specimen. Humeral Head. Femoral Head. Objective. Femoral Condyle (medial) Supplementary Figure 1 A B Specimen Humeral Head 2 1 µm 76 µm Femoral Head Objective Femoral Condyle (medial) Supplementary Figure 1 A Femoral Head Global Cell Density Superficial Cell Density Cell Number at 1 µm Nuclei /.1

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4642

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4642 Supplementary Figure 1 Recording sites and example waveform clustering, as well as electrophysiological recordings of auditory CS and shock processing following overtraining. (a) Recording sites in LC

More information

Supplemental Information. Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion

Supplemental Information. Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion Neuron, Volume 70 Supplemental Information Triangulating the Neural, Psychological, and Economic Bases of Guilt Aversion Luke J. Chang, Alec Smith, Martin Dufwenberg, and Alan G. Sanfey Supplemental Information

More information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Information 1 Supplementary Information A role for primary cilia in glutamatergic synaptic integration of adult-orn neurons Natsuko Kumamoto 1,4,5, Yan Gu 1,4, Jia Wang 1,4, Stephen Janoschka 1,2, Ken-Ichi Takemaru

More information

Supplementary Figure 1

Supplementary Figure 1 8w Pia II/III IV V VI PV EYFP EYFP PV EYFP PV d PV EYFP Supplementary Figure a Spike probability x - PV-Cre d Spike probability x - RS RS b e Spike probability Spike probability.6......8..... FS FS c f

More information

Supplementary Information. Staged decline of neuronal function in vivo in an animal model of Alzheimer s Disease. Supplementary Figures S1-10

Supplementary Information. Staged decline of neuronal function in vivo in an animal model of Alzheimer s Disease. Supplementary Figures S1-10 Supplementary Information Staged decline of neuronal function in vivo in an animal model of Alzheimer s Disease Christine Grienberger 1 *, Nathalie L. Rochefort 1 *, Helmuth Adelsberger 1, Horst A. Henning

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4547

Supplementary Figure 1. Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn.4547 Supplementary Figure 1 Characterization of the Microfetti mouse model. (a) Gating strategy for 8-color flow analysis of peripheral Ly-6C + monocytes from Microfetti mice 5-7 days after TAM treatment. Living

More information

How to measure rodent behavior and perform a neurological screen.

How to measure rodent behavior and perform a neurological screen. An Organ Systems Approach to Experimental Targeting of the Metabolic Syndrome How to measure rodent behavior and perform a neurological screen. Fiona Harrison, PhD Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University

More information

Broad Integration of Expression Maps and Co-Expression Networks Compassing Novel Gene Functions in the Brain

Broad Integration of Expression Maps and Co-Expression Networks Compassing Novel Gene Functions in the Brain Supplementary Information Broad Integration of Expression Maps and Co-Expression Networks Compassing Novel Gene Functions in the Brain Yuko Okamura-Oho a, b, *, Kazuro Shimokawa c, Masaomi Nishimura b,

More information

Dentate imaging: methods and applications

Dentate imaging: methods and applications Dentate imaging: methods and applications Dagmar Timmann Department of Neurology University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Cerebellar output via deep nuclei Folie 2 Brodal 2010 Cerebellar nuclei Fastigial

More information

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. MADM labeling of thalamic clones.

Nature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. MADM labeling of thalamic clones. Supplementary Figure 1 MADM labeling of thalamic clones. (a) Confocal images of an E12 Nestin-CreERT2;Ai9-tdTomato brain treated with TM at E10 and stained for BLBP (green), a radial glial progenitor-specific

More information

Brainstem: Midbrain. 1. Midbrain gross external anatomy 2. Internal structure of the midbrain:

Brainstem: Midbrain. 1. Midbrain gross external anatomy 2. Internal structure of the midbrain: Brainstem: Midbrain 1. Midbrain gross external anatomy 2. Internal structure of the midbrain: cerebral peduncles tegmentum tectum (guadrigeminal plate) Midbrain Midbrain general features location between

More information

Appendix from M. E. Maan and M. E. Cummings, Poison Frog Colors Are Honest Signals of Toxicity, Particularly for Bird Predators

Appendix from M. E. Maan and M. E. Cummings, Poison Frog Colors Are Honest Signals of Toxicity, Particularly for Bird Predators 2011 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1086/663197 Appendix from M. E. Maan and M. E. Cummings, Poison Frog Colors Are Honest Signals of Toxicity, Particularly for Bird Predators

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure 1. Long-term protection studies. 45 minutes of ischemia was induced in wild type (S1pr2 +/+ ) and S1pr2 -/- by MCAO. A) 5 days later brains were harvested

More information

Structural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity

Structural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity Structural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity Jerry L. Chen, Walter C. Lin, Jae Won Cha, Peter T. So, Yoshiyuki Kubota & Elly Nedivi SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES 1-6 a b M

More information

Jamespaul Paredes, Ray W. Winters, Neil Schneiderman, Philip M. McCabe* Research report. Abstract

Jamespaul Paredes, Ray W. Winters, Neil Schneiderman, Philip M. McCabe* Research report. Abstract Brain Research 887 (2000) 157 173 www.elsevier.com/ locate/ bres Research report Afferents to the central nucleus of the amygdala and functional subdivisions of the periaqueductal gray: neuroanatomical

More information

Prss56, a novel marker of adult neurogenesis in the mouse brain. - Supplemental Figures 1 to 5- Brain Structure and Function

Prss56, a novel marker of adult neurogenesis in the mouse brain. - Supplemental Figures 1 to 5- Brain Structure and Function Prss56, a novel marker of adult neurogenesis in the mouse brain - Supplemental Figures 1 to 5- Brain Structure and Function Alexandre Jourdon 1,2, Aurélie Gresset 1, Nathalie Spassky 1, Patrick Charnay

More information

Index. Behaviour, posthypnotic see Posthypnotic behaviour

Index. Behaviour, posthypnotic see Posthypnotic behaviour Index Amnesia, posthypnotic see Posthypnotic amnesia Analgesia, hypnotic see Pain Animal hypnosis, 4 duration of, affected by caffeine and X-rays, 71-72 as emotional reaction, 69 emotional stress, role

More information

Supporting Information

Supporting Information Supporting Information Lingnau et al. 10.1073/pnas.0902262106 Fig. S1. Material presented during motor act observation (A) and execution (B). Each row shows one of the 8 different motor acts. Columns in

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. BMS enhances human T cell activation in vitro in a

Supplementary Figure 1. BMS enhances human T cell activation in vitro in a Supplementary Figure 1. BMS98662 enhances human T cell activation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Jurkat T cells were activated with anti-cd3 and anti-cd28 antibody in the presence of titrated

More information

Supplementary Figure 1. Identification of the type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) via immunofluorescence of peripherin protein (PRPH).

Supplementary Figure 1. Identification of the type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) via immunofluorescence of peripherin protein (PRPH). Supplementary Figure 1. Identification of the type II spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) via immunofluorescence of peripherin protein (PRPH). (a), (b), PRPH immunolabelling of cryosections from post-natal day

More information

I T IS well known that aneurysms occur at

I T IS well known that aneurysms occur at The Lateral Perforating Branches of the Anterior and Middle Cerebral Arteries* HARRY A. KAPLAN, M.D. Division of Neurosurgery, Seton Hall College of Medicine, and Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City,

More information

ParasymPathetic Nervous system. Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem

ParasymPathetic Nervous system. Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem ParasymPathetic Nervous system Done by : Zaid Al-Ghnaneem In this lecture we are going to discuss Parasympathetic, in the last lecture we took sympathetic and one of the objectives of last lecture was

More information

Central injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 induces sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia in rodents

Central injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 induces sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia in rodents Central injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 induces sustained remission of diabetic hyperglycemia in rodents Jarrad M Scarlett 1,,1, Jennifer M Rojas 1,1, Miles E Matsen 1, Karl J Kaiyala 3, Darko

More information

Hypothalamus. Marco Celio Mai 2010

Hypothalamus. Marco Celio Mai 2010 Hypothalamus Marco Celio Mai 2010 Historical Plates from the seventh book of the first edition (1543) of the Fabrica by Andreas Vesalius, showing what is believed to be the oldest anatomical images in

More information

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses Carlson (7e) PowerPoint Lecture Outline Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited

More information

Role of the ventromedial hypothalamic Steroidogenic Factor 1/ Adrenal 4. glucose metabolism in mice.

Role of the ventromedial hypothalamic Steroidogenic Factor 1/ Adrenal 4. glucose metabolism in mice. Role of the ventromedial hypothalamic Steroidogenic Factor 1/ Adrenal 4 Binding Protein neurons in the regulation of whole body energy and glucose metabolism in mice. Eulalia Coutinho Department of Physiological

More information

Lecture 13. Outliers

Lecture 13. Outliers Lecture 13 Outliers Outliers In this lesson: 1. Finding quartiles in a stem and leaf diagram: 2. One definition of an outlier 3. How to classify an observation as an outlier. What you should be able to

More information

Spinal Cord Tracts DESCENDING SPINAL TRACTS: Are concerned with somatic motor function, modification of ms. tone, visceral innervation, segmental reflexes. Main tracts arise form cerebral cortex and others

More information