The Ever Changing World of Feed Additives in The Poultry Industry

Transcription

1 The Ever Chnging World of Feed Additives in The Poultry Industry B. S. Lumpkins nd G.F. Mthis Southern Poultry Reserch Inc. Athens, GA, USA Outline Southern Poultry Reserch Impct of ethnol production of diet compositions Enzymes wht re they nd how they help nutritionist Products to id in roiler helth for nturl chicken Southern Poultry Reserch 1

2 Feed Mixing Pelleting The Prolem t Hnd Nutritionists re constntly fcing chllenges when formulting diets Recent production of ethnol hs creted some of the iggest chllenges In ttempts to formulte lest cost diets Fced with lower qulity ingredients due to rising prices of etter qulity ingredients such s corn nd soyen mel Ft sources lso incresing in price due to iodiesel Do enzymes hold the nswer in lleviting this stress? 2

3 Digestive Trct A Common Enzyme in Poultry Diets Phytse is n enzyme tht hs een known to improve phosphorus utiliztion from grin nd oilseeds (T.S. Nelson et l., 1969; M.I. Dvies et l. 1970) Technicl merits of phytse demonstrted, ut commerciliztion ws delyed until efficient fermenttion technology ws developed The current commercil phytse concentrtions re effective t lierting phosphorus from the diet Benefits of Phytse Phytse hs lso een recently credited with liertion of other nutrients including C, energy nd mino cids 500 to 1000 FTU/kg of phytse in current formultions is sed on costs ssocited with the current production technology 3

4 Phytse Dnisco DSM Phytse Added Benefits of Phytse Feeding of phytse t higher concentrtions my result in incresed performnce (Putress et l., 2007; Persi et l., 2006; Shirley et l., 2002) 4

5 Improve nutrient vilility of sustnces other thn trget Dy 21 Broiler performnce comprison PC, NC, vs. NC + 5,000 FTU/kg Phytse (Lumpkins, Humphrey, Mthis, nd Persi, 2009) PC= positive control, 0.45 % AP; NC= negtive control, 0.30% AP - Mens columns with no common superscript differ significntly (p < 0.05) Dy 21 metolizle energy, % protein digestiility, % phosphorus digestiility, nd % clcium digestiility, PC, NC, vs. NC + 5,000 FTU/kg Phytse Tretment ME (kcl/kg) Protein, % Phosphorus, % Clcium, 1. PC, 0.45% AP NC, 0.30% AP c 68.9 % 3. NC +5,000 FTU/kg phytse Mens columns with no common superscript differ significntly (p < 0.05) Dy 21 metolizle energy, % protein digestiility, % phosphorus digestiility, nd % clcium digestiility, PC, NC, vs. NC + 5,000 FTU/kg Phytse Tretment ME (kcl/kg) Protein, % Phosphorus, % Clcium, 1. PC, 0.45% AP NC, 0.30% AP c 68.9 % 3. NC +5,000 FTU/kg phytse Mens columns with no common superscript differ significntly (p < 0.05) 5

6 Where cn enzymes tke us Tody phytse hs ecome common dditive in commercil poultry diets nd hs opened the door for other enzymes (i.e. non-strch polyscchride enzymes) Distiller s dried grins with solules (DDGS) hs higher level of NSP s thn its prent product corn (Wng et l. 2007) Mny common feed ingredients contin ntinutritionl fctors The trick is knowing how to del with them Corn Common Ingredients Soyen Mel DDGS Alterntive Feed Ingredients Bkery Mel Penut Mel 6

7 Anti-nutritive effects of NSP All cerels used in poultry feed contin vrious levels of NSP Increse digest viscosity Effect physiology nd morphology of the intestinl trct Decese digest pssge rte nd increse digest retention time (increse cteril coloniztion) Alter intestinl microiot profile Depress feed conversion efficiency nd growth NSP s in Feed ingredients (Bch 1997) Corn Whet Rye Brley 2 Ots 2 Soyen mel Strch Bet-glucn Arinose Xylose Rffinose Stchyose Cellulose Totl NSP SNCP INCP Benefits of NSP Enzymes Supplementing with exogenous enzymes degrde fier nd improve the vilility from vrious grins i.e. DDGS (Min et l., 2009) 7

8 Enzymes decrese the nti-nutritive components of NSP Gur mel: high levels of β-mnnn Corn/ soy mel + 10% Gur mel Dy 42: FC Wt. Gin (kg) Corn/ soy mel + 10% Gur mel + Hemicell (β- mnnnse) Dy 42: FC Wt. Gin (kg) 8

9 Kg of Feed / Kg of BWG Kg / ird Body weight gin (kg) PC NC NC + Rovio to 21 0 to 35 0 to 45 Dys of ge - Mens within column with no common superscript differ significntly (p < 0.05) Feed Conversion (kg:kg) PC NC NC + Rovio 0 to 21 0 to 35 0 to 45 Dys of ge - Mens within column with no common superscript differ significntly (p < 0.05) NSP Enzymes Cont. 9

10 Protese NSP enzymes going eyond nutrient utiliztion Enzymes influence cteril popultions nd reduce microil use of nutrients (Bedford nd Apjlhti, 2001) CFU*105 (Coliforms, LAB, Enterococci) Control Xylnse 10

11 Alterntives for Nturl roiler Other Fctors t Hnd Feed cost my e the min concern, ut there re other issues currently rising The EU n of ntiiotics Push from consumers to produce nturl chicken (ntiiotic nd drug free) Recently, the removl of 3-nitro Wht s next to go? The need to serch for lterntives Growth Promoting Antiiotics Antiiotics for mny yers hve een n effective wy of enhncing niml helth, uniformity, nd production efficcy (Bedford, 2000) 11

12 Proiotics: stilize nd lnce host intestinl microiot Most importnt role of eneficil cteri is inhiit coloniztion of pthogenic cteri Compete for dhesion receptors nd nutrients Produce nticteril sustnces Modulte immune response Lower ph y production of lctic cid nd short chin ftty-cids Influencing Bcteril Popultions Beneficil compete with Detrimentl cteri for nutrients Competitive Exclusion: Beneficil cteri lock dhesion sites (Hofcre, et. l. 2002) Intestinl epitheli Intestinl epitheli Cn Proiotic replce Antiiotic Growth Promoters nd Improve Performnce of Broiler Chickens 12

13 Proiotics Preiotic Actigen Thoughts to Consider Enzymes hve the potentil to help lierte the vilility of nutrients in plnt origin feedstuffs Feeding NSP enzymes from htch to hrvest provide mximl enefit. My provide other enefits in ddition to improved performnce 13

14 Thoughts to Consider Proiotics my provide nturl lterntive to id in the irds welleing Both proiotics nd enzymes lter to community of the intestinl cteril popultion to improve performnce The comintion of proiotics nd exogenous enzymes in poultry diets cn provide the nswers to the min issues fcing nutritionist tody Questions? 14