Concentration memory-dependent synaptic plasticity of a taste circuit regulates salt chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans
|
|
- Ginger Dalton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Supplementary Information for: Concentration memory-dependent synaptic plasticity of a taste circuit regulates salt chemotaxis in Caenorhabditis elegans Hirofumi Kunitomo, Hirofumi Sato, Ryo Iwata, Yohsuke Satoh, Hayao Ohno, Koji Yamada, and Yuichi Iino Supplementary Figures S1-S11 Supplementary Tables S1 and S2-1 -
2 Supplementary Figure S1 NaCl gradient of the test plates for salt chemotaxis assay. (a) Generating a salt gradient on a test plate. Concentrations of chloride ion were measured by a chloride electrode and results from four independent preparations were averaged for each data point in the right panel. (b) Salt gradient at the surface of the test plates calculated by simulation of three-dimensional NaCl diffusion. See Methods for details
3 Chemotaxis index OP50 NA22 Cultivation 25 mm 50 mm 100 mm Supplementary Figure S2 Difference in bacterial strains as food source does not affect cultivation salt concentration-dependent chemotaxis. Chemotaxis of wild-type animals cultivated by OP50 (left) or NA22 (right). Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 8 assays
4 Supplementary Figure S3 C. elegans avoids the salt-concentration at which it has experienced starvation. (a) Representative trajectories of wild-type animals cultivated at different NaCl concentrations for 6 hours under starvation conditions. (b) Chemotaxis of wild-type animals cultivated at various NaCl concentrations for 6 hours with or without food. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 5 assays. (c) Shift of preferred salt concentrations under starvation. Wild-type animals were cultivated at 50 mm NaCl and transferred to bacteria-free plates with either 25 mm, 50 mm or 100 mm NaCl. Chemotaxis assays were performed at the indicated time points. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 5 assays. (d) Migration bias in klinokinesis (left panel) and klinotaxis (right panel) of fed and starved wild-type animals. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 16 tests; (**) p < 0.001; comparison between the same cultivation-salt concentrations; two-tailed t-test
5 Chemotaxis index Chemotaxis index a None NaCl Glycerol Sorbitol b Wild type osm-9 * * * osm-10 Cultivation 25 mm 50 mm 100 mm Supplementary Figure S4 Chemotaxis to lower salt concentrations is distinct from osmotic avoidance. (a) Chemotaxis of wild-type animals cultivated at 0 mm NaCl (None), 50 mm NaCl (NaCl), 100 mm glycerol/0 mm NaCl (Glycerol) or 100 mm sorbitol/0 mm NaCl (Sorbitol). Mean ± s.e.m.; n 4 assays. (b) Chemotaxis of osmotic avoidance mutants. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 6 assays; (*) p < 0.01, different from wild type cultivated at the same condition; Dunnett test
6 Chemotaxis index ** n.s. n.s. (p = 0.055) n.s. NaCl Dia Bz Non Cultivation 0 mm 50 mm Supplementary Figure S5 Chemotaxis to NaCl but not to odorants is affected by NaCl concentrations during cultivation. Chemotaxis of wild-type animals to NaCl and odorants. Animals were cultivated at 0 mm or 50 mm of NaCl. Mean ± s.e.m.; n 4 assays; (**) p < 0.001, (n.s.) not significant (p > 0.05); two-tailed t-test. Dia, diacetyl; Bz, benzaldehyde; Non, 2-nonanone
7 Supplementary Figure S6 Quantitative analyses of animals' locomotion. (a-c) Migration bias of klinokinesis represented by probability of pirouette (left panels) and the bias of klinotaxis represented by curving rate (right panels). Fed (a) or starved (b) wild type and fed ASER-ablated animals (c). Mean ± s.e.m.; n 9 assays; (+) p < 0.05, (*) p < 0.01; Dunnett test compared to the basal pirouette index (dc/dt = 0) or the basal weathervane index (dc/dn = 0; n represents the coordinated perpendicular to the direction of locomotion). (d) Averaged speed of fed wild-type animals calculated according to the NaCl concentrations by 10 mm bins. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 29 assays
8 Supplementary Figure S7 Calcium responses of ASER and AIB are modulated by the salt concentrations of cultivation. (a,b) Calcium responses of ASER (left panels) and AIB (right panels) to a NaCl down-step from 25 mm to 0 mm (a) or that from 100 mm to 75 mm (b). Averaged fluorescence change during 5 s (ASER) or 25 s (AIB) after stimulation are shown in bar graphs. The number of tested animals for each condition is indicated in parentheses. In both panels a and b, statistics for ASER responses are: (*) p < 0.01, (n.s.) not significant; Tukey test; details are shown in Supplementary Table S1. Statistics for AIB responses are: (+) p < 0.05, (*) p < 0.01, (**) p < 0.001, (n.s.) not significant; Mann-Whitney U test compared to pre-stimulation. (c) ASER does not respond to changes in fluid flow. The direction of solution flow was switched at Time = 50 s (indicated by arrow) with NaCl concentration unchanged. (d) Responses of ASER to a stepwise increase in NaCl concentration from 25 mm to 50 mm. Procedure and time course of these experiments are the same as that used in down-step experiments (see Methods for details). Shaded region around the response curve and the error bars represents s.e.m
9 Supplementary Figure S8 Plasticity of calcium responses of ASER and AIB is dependent on sensory inputs to ASER. Calcium responses of ASER (left panels) and AIB (right panels) to a NaCl down-step from 50 mm to 25 mm in dyf-11 mutants (a) and in animals whose ASER was solely rescued (b). Averaged fluorescence change during 5 s (ASER) or 25 s (AIB) after stimulation are shown in the bar graphs. Shaded region around the response curve and the error bars represents s.e.m. The number of tested animals for each condition is indicated in parentheses. Statistics for ASER responses are shown in Supplementary Table S1. Statistics for AIB responses are: (+) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.001, (n.s.) not significant; Mann-Whitney U test compared to pre-stimulation
10 Chemotaxis index Pirouette index Weathervane index a p < p > 0.05 p < Wild type AIB-ablated p > 0.05 Wild type p > 0.05 p > 0.05 AIB-ablated Cultivation 25 mm (Ccult < Ctest) 50 mm (Ccult = Ctest) 100 mm (Ccult > Ctest) b p > 0.05 p = p > 0.05 Wild type AIB-ablated Cultivation 25 mm 50 mm 100 mm Supplementary Figure S9 Ablation of AIB affects the property of klinokinesis but not klinotaxis. (a) Bias of klinokinesis (left) and klinotaxis (right) of AIB-ablated animals. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 16 assays; two-tailed t-test. (b) Chemotaxis of AIB-ablated animals. Mean ± s.e.m.; n = 6 assays; two-tailed t-test
11 Supplementary Figure S10 Gene structure and expression patterns of plc-1. (a) Schematic representation of the plc-1 locus. (Top row) Scale indicates physical position of chromosome X. (Second row) Predicted gene structure of frm-9 and plc-1 in WormBase Release WS230. (Third row) Molecular lesion of the plc-1 alleles. Asterisk indicates nucleotide substitution in pe1237. Thick bars depict deletion in pe1238 and tm753. (Bottom row) Structure of the fosmids and cdna clones and results of plc-1(pe1238) rescue experiments. See Methods for details. (b) Expression patterns of a plc-1 transcriptional fusion in wild type. A variant of yellow fluorescent protein, venus, was driven by a 5-kbp 5 upstream fragment of plc-1. (Top) An adult animal. (Bottom) The anterior part of an L1 animal. A differential interference contrast (DIC) image (left) and a fluorescence image of the same field in which venus (green) and a lipophilic dye diq (red) were combined (right). diq stains several sensory neurons that act as position markers
12 Supplementary Figure S11 A possible neuronal mechanism that regulates cultivation concentration-dependent salt chemotaxis. When salt concentration of cultivation was higher than that of current condition (C cult > C test ), ASER and AIB neurons respond to decreases in salt concentration and trigger pirouette turning (left column). But if C cult < C test, AIB does not respond and animals maintain the direction of migration toward lower salt (right column). See text for details
13 Supplementary Table S1 Summary of the calcium responses of the ASER neuron. No. Figure Genetic background of the host strain Cultivation Stimulus n Ratio change *1 Response *2 Comparison p value *3 1 0 mm ± vs 2 < mm ± vs 3 < a from 50 mm to 25 mm 3 50 mm ± vs 4 < mm ± vs 3 < mm ± vs S7a 25 mm from 25 mm to 0 mm ± vs 4 > 0.05 Wild-type 7 50 mm ± vs 6 > mm ± 0.07 n.s. 5 vs 7 > mm ± vs 7 > 0.05 S7b from 100 mm to 75 mm mm ± vs 9 < mm ± vs 10 < S7c 50 mm from 50 mm to 50 mm ± 0.06 n.s. 8 vs 11 < mm ± vs 10 > S8a dyf-11(pe554) 50 mm from 50 mm to 25 mm ± vs 11 < mm ± vs mm ± vs 14 > S8b dyf-11(pe554); Ex[gcy-5p::dyf-11(+)] 50 mm from 50 mm to 25 mm ± vs 15 > mm ± vs 15 > mm ± vs 17 < c plc-1(pe1237) 50 mm from 50 mm to 25 mm ± vs 18 < mm ± vs 18 > mm ± vs 20 < d plc-1(pe1238) 50 mm from 50 mm to 25 mm ± vs 21 < mm ± vs 21 > mm ± vs 23 < e plc-1(pe1238); Ex[gcy-5p::plc-1(+)] 50 mm from 50 mm to 25 mm ± vs 24 < mm ± vs 24 > 0.05 *1 Averaged ratio change after stimulation ± SD 25 vs 26 < 0.01 *2 Comparison of fluorescence intensity between pre- and post- stimulation by Mann-Whitney U test. (+) p < 0.01, (n.s.) p > vs 27 < 0.01 *3 Comparison between the indicated data sets by Tukey test. 26 vs 27 >
14 Supplementary Table S2 C. elegans strains and transgenic lines used in this study. Strain Genotype Description Bristol N2 C. elegans wild isolate Wild type. JN929 egl-30(pe914) I. Putative gain-of-function (gf) allele of egl PR674 che-1(p674) I. TJ1052 age-1(hx546) II. CB1370 daf-2(e1370) III. MT3641 osm-10(n1602) III. CX10 osm-9(ky10) IV. ins-1(nr2091) IV. RB759 akt-1(ok525) V. IK130 pkc-1(nj3) V. FX02364 gcy-22(tm2364) V. JN554 dyf-11(pe554) X. JN1239 plc-1(pe1237) X. JN1240 plc-1(pe1238) X. Genetic ablation of ASE and AIB OH8585 otis4[gcy-7p::gfp]; otex3822[ceh-36p::cz-caspase3(p17) gcy-7p::caspase3(p12)-nz myo-3p::mcherry]. Genetic ablation of ASEL 4. OH8593 ntis1[gcy-5p::gfp] V; otex3830[ceh-36p::cz-caspase3(p17) gcy-5p::caspase3(p12)-nz myo-3p::mcherry]. Genetic ablation of ASER 4. Is[npr-9p::casp1 unc122p::mcherry]; Is[npr-9p::venus]. Genetic ablation of AIB. Cell-specific rescue of dyf-11 Ex[myo-3p::venus]. Control with wild-type background. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[myo-3p::venus]. dyf-11(pe554) control. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[dyf-11p::dyf-11(+) myo-3p::venus]. Rescued in ciliated neurons. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[gcy-5p::dyf-11(+) myo-3p::venus]. Rescued specifically in ASER. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[gcy-7p::dyf-11(+) myo-3p::venus]. Rescued specifically in ASEL. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[gcy-5p::dyf-11(+) gcy-7p::dyf-11(+) myo-3p::venus]. Rescued in both ASEL and ASER. Stimulation of ASER by TRPV1 Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]. Control. Ex[gcy-5p::trpv1 unc-122p::mcherry]. ASER-specific expression of TRPV1. Calcium imagig Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. Wild-type background 18. plc-1(pe1237) X; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. plc-1(pe1237) background. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. plc-1(pe1238) background. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. plc-1(pe1238) control. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[gcy-5p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. ASER-specific rescue of plc-1(pe1238). dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. dyf-11(pe554) control. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[gcy-5p::dyf-11(+) unc-122p::mcherry]; Ex[gcy-5p::GCaMP2 lin-44p::gfp]. Imaging of ASER. ASER-specific rescue of dyf-11(pe554). Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1; unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. Wild-type background 22. plc-1(pe1237) X; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. plc-1(pe1237) background. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. plc-1(pe1238) background. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. plc-1(pe1238) control. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[gcy-5p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. ASER-specific rescue of plc-1(pe1238). dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. dyf-11(pe554) control. dyf-11(pe554) X; Ex[gcy-5p::dyf-11(+) unc-122p::mcherry]; Ex[odr-2p::GCaMP1 unc-122p::gfp]. Imaging of AIB. ASER-specific rescue of dyf-11(pe554). Optogenetics lite-1(ce314)x; peis1091[gcy5p::chr2 unc122p::mcherry]. Optical stimulation of ASER. lite-1(ce314)x; peis1091[gcy5p::chr2 unc122p::mcherry]; Is[npr-9p::casp1 unc122p::mcherry]; Is[npr-9p::venus]. Optical stimulation of ASER under genetic ablation of AIB. lite-1(ce314)x; Ex[npr-9p::ChR2 unc-122p::mcherry]. Optical stimulation of AIB. Cell-specific activation or knock-down of pkc-1 Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]. Control. Ex[gcy-5p::pkc-1(gf) unc-122p::mcherry]. ASER-specific expression of pkc-1(gf) 10. Ex[gcy-5p::ccdB(hpRNAi) myo-3p::venus]. ASER-specific RNAi control. Ex[gcy-5p::pkc-1(hpRNAi) myo-3p::venus]. ASER-specific knock-down of pkc-1. Cell-specific rescue of plc-1 Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]. Control with wild-type background plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[unc-122p::mCherry]. plc-1(pe1238) control. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[flp-6p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]. Rescued in several neuron classes including ASE. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[gcy-5p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]. Rescued specifically in ASER. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[gcy-7p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]. Rescued specifically in ASEL. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[npr-9p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]. Rescued in AIB. plc-1(pe1238) X; Ex[odr-2p::plc-1(+) unc-122p::mcherry]. Rescued in several neuron classes including AIB
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10643 Supplementary Table 1. Identification of hecw-1 coding polymorphisms at amino acid positions 322 and 325 in 162 strains of C. elegans. WWW.NATURE.COM/NATURE 1 Supplementary Figure
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Gene schematics of hyls-1, gasr-8 and k10g6.4, and TEM analysis of TFs in WT and hyls-1 cilia. (a) Gene structure of hyls-1,
Supplementary Figure 1. Gene schematics of hyls-1, gasr-8 and k10g6.4, and TEM analysis of TFs in WT and hyls-1 cilia. (a) Gene structure of hyls-1, gasr-8 and k10g6.4 based on WormBase (http://wormbase.org),
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S1: nlp-22 is expressed in the RIA interneurons and is secreted. (a) An animal expressing both the RIA specific reporter
1 SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S1: nlp-22 is expressed in the RIA interneurons and is secreted. (a) An animal expressing both the RIA specific reporter Pglr-3:mCherry (red) and Pnlp-22:gfp (green) shows co-localization
More informationA conserved neuronal DAF-16/FoxO plays an important role in conveying
SREP-17-10421.R2 Supplementary Information (clean version) Scientific Reports A conserved neuronal DAF-16/FoxO plays an important role in conveying pheromone signals to elicit repulsion behavior in Caenorhabditis
More information50mM D-Glucose. Percentage PI. L-Glucose
Monica Dus, Minrong Ai, Greg S.B Suh. Taste-independent nutrient selection is mediated by a brain-specific Na+/solute cotransporter in Drosophila. Control + Phlorizin mm D-Glucose 1 2mM 1 L-Glucose Gr5a;Gr64a
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 hlrrk2 promotes CAP dependent protein translation.
` Supplementary Figure 1 hlrrk2 promotes CAP dependent protein translation. (a) Overexpression of hlrrk2 in HeLa cells enhances total protein synthesis in [35S] methionine/cysteine incorporation assays.
More informationns ns hp761(lf); daf-28(lf) daf-28(gf) Figure S1
A ns ns B 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0% 0 0% hp761(lf); daf-28(lf) daf-28(gf) Figure S1 A 100 80 15 o C 22 o C 25 o C % Dauers 60 40 20 0 0% 0% * 0% 0% 0% Class I alleles Class II alleles daf-2(lf;ts)
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Drd1a-Cre driven ChR2 expression in the SCN. (a) Low-magnification image of a representative Drd1a-ChR2 coronal brain section (n = 2) showing endogenous tdtomato fluorescence (magenta).
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1171320/dc1 Supporting Online Material for A Frazzled/DCC-Dependent Transcriptional Switch Regulates Midline Axon Guidance Long Yang, David S. Garbe, Greg J. Bashaw*
More informationStructural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity
Structural basis for the role of inhibition in facilitating adult brain plasticity Jerry L. Chen, Walter C. Lin, Jae Won Cha, Peter T. So, Yoshiyuki Kubota & Elly Nedivi SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES 1-6 a b M
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Supplementary Figure 1: Luminal localization of CCM-3. (a) The CCM-3::GFP fusion protein localizes along the apical (luminal) surface of the pharynx (b) as well as the lumen of
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Large-scale calcium imaging in vivo.
Supplementary Figure 1 Large-scale calcium imaging in vivo. (a) Schematic illustration of the in vivo camera imaging set-up for large-scale calcium imaging. (b) High-magnification two-photon image from
More informationNeural Mechanisms for Evaluating Environmental Variability in Caenorhabditis elegans
Article Neural Mechanisms for Evaluating Environmental Variability in Caenorhabditis elegans Highlights d d d d C. elegans learn variability in their food environment and modify future behavior The authors
More informationThe Anticonvulsant Ethosuximide Disrupts Sensory Function to Extend C. elegans Lifespan
The Anticonvulsant Ethosuximide Disrupts Sensory Function to Extend C. elegans Lifespan James J. Collins, Kimberley Evason, Christopher L. Pickett, Daniel L. Schneider, Kerry Kornfeld* Department of Developmental
More informationEnhancement of Odor Avoidance Regulated by Dopamine Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans
The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2010 30(48):16365 16375 16365 Development/Plasticity/Repair Enhancement of Odor Avoidance Regulated by Dopamine Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Koutarou D.
More informationNature Genetics: doi: /ng Supplementary Figure 1. Immunofluorescence (IF) confirms absence of H3K9me in met-2 set-25 worms.
Supplementary Figure 1 Immunofluorescence (IF) confirms absence of H3K9me in met-2 set-25 worms. IF images of wild-type (wt) and met-2 set-25 worms showing the loss of H3K9me2/me3 at the indicated developmental
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Procedures to independently control fly hunger and thirst states.
Supplementary Figure 1 Procedures to independently control fly hunger and thirst states. (a) Protocol to produce exclusively hungry or thirsty flies for 6 h water memory retrieval. (b) Consumption assays
More informationDiabetic pdx1-mutant zebrafish show conserved responses to nutrient overload and anti-glycemic treatment
Supplementary Information Diabetic pdx1-mutant zebrafish show conserved responses to nutrient overload and anti-glycemic treatment Robin A. Kimmel, Stefan Dobler, Nicole Schmitner, Tanja Walsen, Julia
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Trial structure for go/no-go behavior
Supplementary Figure 1 Trial structure for go/no-go behavior a, Overall timeline of experiments. Day 1: A1 mapping, injection of AAV1-SYN-GCAMP6s, cranial window and headpost implantation. Water restriction
More informationSDS-Assisted Protein Transport Through Solid-State Nanopores
Supplementary Information for: SDS-Assisted Protein Transport Through Solid-State Nanopores Laura Restrepo-Pérez 1, Shalini John 2, Aleksei Aksimentiev 2 *, Chirlmin Joo 1 *, Cees Dekker 1 * 1 Department
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/8/e1701143/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Impaired DNA replication derepresses chromatin and generates a transgenerationally inherited epigenetic memory Adam
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Information on transgenic mouse models and their recording and optogenetic equipment. (a) 108 (b-c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
Supplementary Figure 1 Information on transgenic mouse models and their recording and optogenetic equipment. (a) In four mice, cre-dependent expression of the hyperpolarizing opsin Arch in pyramidal cells
More informationGAP-FREE NEURAL CIRCUITS CLASS #3: C. elegans touch-induced locomotion
GAP-FREE NEURAL CIRCUITS CLASS #3: C. elegans touch-induced locomotion OUTLINE: C. elegans background o General background o Neural signaling: no action potentials Excitatory circuits: Touch-induced locomotion
More informationReward prediction based on stimulus categorization in. primate lateral prefrontal cortex
Reward prediction based on stimulus categorization in primate lateral prefrontal cortex Xiaochuan Pan, Kosuke Sawa, Ichiro Tsuda, Minoro Tsukada, Masamichi Sakagami Supplementary Information This PDF file
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Bidirectional optogenetic modulation of the tonic activity of CEA PKCδ + neurons in vitro. a, Top, Cell-attached voltage recording illustrating the blue light-induced increase in
More informationmarker. DAPI labels nuclei. Flies were 20 days old. Scale bar is 5 µm. Ctrl is
Supplementary Figure 1. (a) Nos is detected in glial cells in both control and GFAP R79H transgenic flies (arrows), but not in deletion mutant Nos Δ15 animals. Repo is a glial cell marker. DAPI labels
More informationklp-18 (RNAi) Control. supplementary information. starting strain: AV335 [emb-27(g48); GFP::histone; GFP::tubulin] bleach
DOI: 10.1038/ncb1891 A. starting strain: AV335 [emb-27(g48); GFP::histone; GFP::tubulin] bleach embryos let hatch overnight transfer to RNAi plates; incubate 5 days at 15 C RNAi food L1 worms adult worms
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature10776 Supplementary Information 1: Influence of inhibition among blns on STDP of KC-bLN synapses (simulations and schematics). Unconstrained STDP drives network activity to saturation
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 1.138/ncb222 / b. WB anti- WB anti- ulin Mitotic index (%) 14 1 6 2 T (h) 32 48-1 1 2 3 4 6-1 4 16 22 28 3 33 e. 6 4 2 Time (min) 1-6- 11-1 > 1 % cells Figure S1 depletion leads to mitotic defects
More informationSupplementary figure 1: LII/III GIN-cells show morphological characteristics of MC
1 2 1 3 Supplementary figure 1: LII/III GIN-cells show morphological characteristics of MC 4 5 6 7 (a) Reconstructions of LII/III GIN-cells with somato-dendritic compartments in orange and axonal arborizations
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information mediates STAT3 activation at retromer-positive structures to promote colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis Zhang et al. a b d e g h Rel. Luc. Act. Rel. mrna Rel. mrna
More informationSupplemental Figure S1. Expression of Cirbp mrna in mouse tissues and NIH3T3 cells.
SUPPLEMENTAL FIGURE AND TABLE LEGENDS Supplemental Figure S1. Expression of Cirbp mrna in mouse tissues and NIH3T3 cells. A) Cirbp mrna expression levels in various mouse tissues collected around the clock
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Fig. 1. Current density profiles for backside-plating configuration cells and the cycle stability curve with and without carbon coating. Current density profiles of
More informationCHAPTER 4: Multilevel Modulation in C.elegans Sleep
CHAPTER 4: Multilevel Modulation in C.elegans Sleep 28 Submitted for publication as Julie Cho & Paul Sternberg. Multilevel Modulation of a Sensory Motor Circuit in C. elegans Sleep 4.1 ABSTRACT 29 Sleep
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Supplementary s Supplementary 1 All three types of foods suppress subsequent feeding in both sexes when the same food is used in the pre-feeding test feeding. (a) Adjusted pre-feeding
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Madm is not required in GSCs and hub cells. (a,b) Act-Gal4-UAS-GFP (a), Act-Gal4-UAS- GFP.nls (b,c) is ubiquitously expressed
Supplementary Figure 1 Madm is not required in GSCs and hub cells. (a,b) Act-Gal4-UAS-GFP (a), Act-Gal4-UAS- GFP.nls (b,c) is ubiquitously expressed in the testes. The testes were immunostained with GFP
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 (previous page). EM analysis of full-length GCGR. (a) Exemplary tilt pair images of the GCGR mab23 complex acquired for Random
S1 Supplementary Figure 1 (previous page). EM analysis of full-length GCGR. (a) Exemplary tilt pair images of the GCGR mab23 complex acquired for Random Conical Tilt (RCT) reconstruction (left: -50,right:
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1 SNARE Probes for FRET/2pFLIM Analysis Used in the Present Study. mturquoise (mtq) and Venus (Ven) are in blue and yellow, respectively. The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive
More informationdoi: /nature09554
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature09554 Supplementary Figure 1: Optical Tracing with New Photoactivatable GFP Variants Reveals Enhanced Labeling of Neuronal Processes We qualitatively compare
More informationMutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans U2AF Large Subunit UAF-1 Al= of a 3' Splice Site In Vivo
Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans U2AF Large Subunit UAF-1 Al= of a 3' Splice Site In Vivo The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2566 Figure S1 CDKL5 protein expression pattern and localization in mouse brain. (a) Multiple-tissue western blot from a postnatal day (P) 21 mouse probed with an antibody against CDKL5.
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. MADM labeling of thalamic clones.
Supplementary Figure 1 MADM labeling of thalamic clones. (a) Confocal images of an E12 Nestin-CreERT2;Ai9-tdTomato brain treated with TM at E10 and stained for BLBP (green), a radial glial progenitor-specific
More informationSupplementary Materials for VAMP4 directs synaptic vesicles to a pool that selectively maintains asynchronous neurotransmission
Supplementary Materials for VAMP4 directs synaptic vesicles to a pool that selectively maintains asynchronous neurotransmission Jesica Raingo, Mikhail Khvotchev, Pei Liu, Frederic Darios, Ying C. Li, Denise
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Title Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Authors Shin H. Kang, Ying Li, Masahiro Fukaya, Ileana Lorenzini,
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11429 S1a 6 7 8 9 Nlrc4 allele S1b Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 +/F Nlrc4 F/F 9 Targeting construct 422 bp 273 bp FRT-neo-gb-PGK-FRT 3x.STOP S1c Nlrc4 +/+ Nlrc4 F/F casp1
More informationNormal sleep bouts are not essential for C. elegans survival and FoxO is important for compensatory changes in sleep
Bennett et al. BMC Neurosci (218) 19:1 https://doi.org/1.1186/s12868-18-48-1 BMC Neuroscience RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Normal sleep bouts are not essential for C. elegans survival and FoxO is important
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 Atlas representations of the midcingulate (MCC) region targeted in this study compared against the anterior cingulate (ACC) region commonly reported. Coronal sections are shown on
More informationSupplementary Materials for
www.sciencesignaling.org/cgi/content/full/6/283/ra57/dc1 Supplementary Materials for JNK3 Couples the Neuronal Stress Response to Inhibition of Secretory Trafficking Guang Yang,* Xun Zhou, Jingyan Zhu,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Properties of various IZUMO1 monoclonal antibodies and behavior of SPACA6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) .
Supplementary Figure 1. Properties of various IZUMO1 monoclonal antibodies and behavior of SPACA6. (a) The inhibitory effects of new antibodies (Mab17 and Mab18). They were investigated in in vitro fertilization
More informationGenome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD) system: a novel microinjection-independent genome engineering method in mice
Supplementary Information Genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD) system: a novel microinjection-independent genome engineering method in mice Gou Takahashi, Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy,
More informationSummary of behavioral performances for mice in imaging experiments.
Supplementary Figure 1 Summary of behavioral performances for mice in imaging experiments. (a) Task performance for mice during M2 imaging experiments. Open triangles, individual experiments. Filled triangles,
More information* * A3027. A4623 e A3507 A3507 A3507
a c L A327 d e A37 A37 A37 Supplementary Figure 1. Clinical manifestations of individuals with mutations. (a) Renal ultrasound of right kidney in A327 reveals small renal cysts, loss of corticomedullary
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Diverse anorexigenic signals induce c-fos expression in CEl PKC-δ + neurons
Supplementary Figure 1 Diverse anorexigenic signals induce c-fos expression in CEl PKC-δ + neurons a-c. Quantification of CEl c-fos expression in mice intraperitoneal injected with anorexigenic drugs (a),
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. (Panel A) Q-Q plot graphical
Supplementary Figure 1. Quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots. (Panel A) Q-Q plot graphical representation using all SNPs (n= 13,515,798) including the region on chromosome 1 including SORT1 which was previously
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Neuron class-specific arrangements of Khc::nod::lacZ label in dendrites.
Supplementary Figure 1 Neuron class-specific arrangements of Khc::nod::lacZ label in dendrites. Staining with fluorescence antibodies to detect GFP (Green), β-galactosidase (magenta/white). (a, b) Class
More informationXBX-1 Encodes a Dynein Light Intermediate Chain Required for Retrograde Intraflagellar Transport and Cilia Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans V
Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 14, 2057 2070, May 2003 XBX-1 Encodes a Dynein Light Intermediate Chain Required for Retrograde Intraflagellar Transport and Cilia Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans
More informationKaren L.P. McNally, Amy S. Fabritius, Marina L. Ellefson, Jonathan R. Flynn, Jennifer A. Milan, and Francis J. McNally
Developmental Cell, Volume 22 Supplemental Information Kinesin-1 Prevents Capture of the Oocyte Meiotic Spindle by the Sperm Aster Karen L.P. McNally, Amy S. Fabritius, Marina L. Ellefson, Jonathan R.
More informationChemotaxis Response in Caenorhabditis elegans to an Olfactory Repellent Paired with Nicotine
Chemotaxis Response in Caenorhabditis elegans to an Olfactory Repellent Paired with Nicotine Amanda Bigness and Dr. Robert Grammer Belmont University Recent studies in C. elegans, a model organism with
More informationTuning properties of individual circuit components and stimulus-specificity of experience-driven changes.
Supplementary Figure 1 Tuning properties of individual circuit components and stimulus-specificity of experience-driven changes. (a) Left, circuit schematic with the imaged component (L2/3 excitatory neurons)
More informationSupplementary Materials for
www.sciencesignaling.org/cgi/content/full/8/393/rs9/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Identification of potential drug targets for tuberous sclerosis complex by synthetic screens combining CRISPR-based knockouts
More informationWenqin Hu, Cuiping Tian, Tun Li, Mingpo Yang, Han Hou & Yousheng Shu
Distinct contributions of Na v 1.6 and Na v 1.2 in action potential initiation and backpropagation Wenqin Hu, Cuiping Tian, Tun Li, Mingpo Yang, Han Hou & Yousheng Shu Supplementary figure and legend Supplementary
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Flies form water-reward memory only in the thirsty state
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Supplementary Figure 1. Flies form water-reward memory only in the thirsty state Thirsty but not sated wild-type flies form robust 3 min memory. For the thirsty group, the flies were water-deprived
More informationA conserved dopamine-cholecystokinin signaling pathway shapes context-dependent Caenorhabditis elegans behavior
University of Massachusetts Medical School escholarship@umms Open Access Articles Open Access Publications by UMMS Authors 8-28-2014 A conserved dopamine-cholecystokinin signaling pathway shapes context-dependent
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 10.1038/ncb2988 Supplementary Figure 1 Kif7 L130P encodes a stable protein that does not localize to cilia tips. (a) Immunoblot with KIF7 antibody in cell lysates of wild-type, Kif7 L130P and Kif7
More informationSupplemental Information. Memory-Relevant Mushroom Body. Output Synapses Are Cholinergic
Neuron, Volume 89 Supplemental Information Memory-Relevant Mushroom Body Output Synapses Are Cholinergic Oliver Barnstedt, David Owald, Johannes Felsenberg, Ruth Brain, John-Paul Moszynski, Clifford B.
More informationSupplementary materials for: Executive control processes underlying multi- item working memory
Supplementary materials for: Executive control processes underlying multi- item working memory Antonio H. Lara & Jonathan D. Wallis Supplementary Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Behavioral measures of
More informationislets scored 1 week month months
Supplementary Table 1. Sampling parameters for the morphometrical analyses Time (post- DT) Control mice (age-matched) α-cells mice pancreatic surface (mm 2 ) scored DT-treated mice islets scored mice pancreatic
More information(a) Schematic diagram of the FS mutation of UVRAG in exon 8 containing the highly instable
Supplementary Figure 1. Frameshift (FS) mutation in UVRAG. (a) Schematic diagram of the FS mutation of UVRAG in exon 8 containing the highly instable A 10 DNA repeat, generating a premature stop codon
More informationSupplemental Material for. Figure S1. Identification of TetR responsive promoters in F. novicida and E. coli.
Supplemental Material for Synthetic promoters functional in Francisella novicida and Escherichia coli Ralph L. McWhinnie and Francis E. Nano Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria,
More informationModulation of Host Learning in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes
Current Biology, Volume 28 Supplemental Information Modulation of Host Learning in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Clément Vinauger, Chloé Lahondère, Gabriella H. Wolff, Lauren T. Locke, Jessica E. Liaw, Jay
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Distribution of starter cells for RV-mediated retrograde tracing.
Supplementary Figure 1 Distribution of starter cells for RV-mediated retrograde tracing. Parcellation of cortical areas is based on Allen Mouse Brain Atlas and drawn to scale. Thick white curves, outlines
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature12652 Supplementary Figure 1. PRDM16 interacts with endogenous EHMT1 in brown adipocytes. Immunoprecipitation of PRDM16 complex by flag antibody (M2) followed by Western blot analysis
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure S1. Binding of full-length OGT and deletion mutants to PIP strips (Echelon Biosciences). Supplementary Figure S2. Binding of the OGT (919-1036) fragments with
More informationNature Biotechnology: doi: /nbt Supplementary Figure 1. PL gene expression in tomato fruit.
Supplementary Figure 1 PL gene expression in tomato fruit. Relative expression of five PL-coding genes measured in at least three fruit of each genotype (cv. Alisa Craig) at four stages of development,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Generation of knockin mice expressing L-selectinN138G. (a) Schematics of the Sellg allele (top), the targeting vector, the
Supplementary Figure 1. Generation of knockin mice expressing L-selectinN138G. (a) Schematics of the Sellg allele (top), the targeting vector, the targeted allele in ES cells, and the mutant allele in
More informationConditional and reversible disruption of essential herpesvirus protein functions
nature methods Conditional and reversible disruption of essential herpesvirus protein functions Mandy Glaß, Andreas Busche, Karen Wagner, Martin Messerle & Eva Maria Borst Supplementary figures and text:
More informationSupporting Information Table of Contents
Supporting Information Table of Contents Supporting Information Figure 1 Page 2 Supporting Information Figure 2 Page 4 Supporting Information Figure 3 Page 5 Supporting Information Figure 4 Page 6 Supporting
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information D-Serine regulates cerebellar LTD and motor coordination through the 2 glutamate receptor Wataru Kakegawa, Yurika Miyoshi, Kenji Hamase, Shinji Matsuda, Keiko Matsuda, Kazuhisa
More informationSupplementary Information for
Supplementary Information for Involvement of urinary bladder Connexin43 and the circadian clock in the coordination of diurnal micturition rhythm Hiromitsu Negoro, 1,2 Akihiro Kanematsu, 1,3 Masao Doi,
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Behavioral training.
Supplementary Figure 1 Behavioral training. a, Mazes used for behavioral training. Asterisks indicate reward location. Only some example mazes are shown (for example, right choice and not left choice maze
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature11306 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1. Basic characterization of GFP+ RGLs in the dentate gyrus of adult nestin-gfp mice. a, Sample confocal images
More informationZhu et al, page 1. Supplementary Figures
Zhu et al, page 1 Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Visual behavior and avoidance behavioral response in EPM trials. (a) Measures of visual behavior that performed the light avoidance behavior
More informationSupplementary Figure 1
Supplementary Figure 1 5 microns C7 B6 unclassified H19 C7 signal H19 guide signal H19 B6 signal C7 SNP spots H19 RNA spots B6 SNP spots colocalization H19 RNA classification Supplementary Figure 1. Allele-specific
More informationNature Medicine: doi: /nm.4322
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Supplementary Figure 1. Predicted RNA structure of 3 UTR and sequence alignment of deleted nucleotides. (a) Predicted RNA secondary structure of ZIKV 3 UTR. The stem-loop structure
More informationT H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y
T H E J O U R N A L O F C E L L B I O L O G Y Supplemental material Krenn et al., http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/jcb.201110013/dc1 Figure S1. Levels of expressed proteins and demonstration that C-terminal
More informationNature Neuroscience: doi: /nn Supplementary Figure 1. Confirmation that optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons affects choice
Supplementary Figure 1 Confirmation that optogenetic inhibition of dopaminergic neurons affects choice (a) Sample behavioral trace as in Figure 1d, but with NpHR stimulation trials depicted as green blocks
More informationNature Structural & Molecular Biology: doi: /nsmb Supplementary Figure 1. Differential expression of mirnas from the pri-mir-17-92a locus.
Supplementary Figure 1 Differential expression of mirnas from the pri-mir-17-92a locus. (a) The mir-17-92a expression unit in the third intron of the host mir-17hg transcript. (b,c) Impact of knockdown
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
DOI: 0.038/ncb33 a b c 0 min 6 min 7 min (fixed) DIC -GFP, CenpF 3 µm Nocodazole Single optical plane -GFP, CenpF Max. intensity projection d µm -GFP, CenpF, -GFP CenpF 3-D rendering e f 0 min 4 min 0
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Genotyping strategies for Mcm3 +/+, Mcm3 +/Lox and Mcm3 +/- mice and luciferase activity in Mcm3 +/Lox mice. A.
Supplementary Figure 1. Genotyping strategies for Mcm3 +/+, Mcm3 +/Lox and Mcm3 +/- mice and luciferase activity in Mcm3 +/Lox mice. A. Upper part, three-primer PCR strategy at the Mcm3 locus yielding
More informationJana F Liewald, Martin Brauner, Gregory J Stephens, Magali Bouhours, Christian Schultheis, Mei Zhen & Alexander Gottschalk
nature methods Optogenetic analysis of synaptic function Jana F Liewald, Martin Brauner, Gregory J Stephens, Magali Bouhours, Christian Schultheis, Mei Zhen & Alexander Gottschalk Supplementary figures
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi: 10.1038/nature07173 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figure Legends: Supplementary Figure 1: Model of SSC and CPC divisions a, Somatic stem cells (SSC) reside adjacent to the hub (red), self-renew
More informationSupplementary Fig. 1 V-ATPase depletion induces unique and robust phenotype in Drosophila fat body cells.
Supplementary Fig. 1 V-ATPase depletion induces unique and robust phenotype in Drosophila fat body cells. a. Schematic of the V-ATPase proton pump macro-complex structure. The V1 complex is composed of
More informationSupplementary Figure 1: Signaling centers contain few proliferating cells, express p21, and
Supplementary Figure 1: Signaling centers contain few proliferating cells, express p21, and exclude YAP from the nucleus. (a) Schematic diagram of an E10.5 mouse embryo. (b,c) Sections at B and C in (a)
More information100 mm Sucrose. +Berberine +Quinine
8 mm Sucrose Probability (%) 7 6 5 4 3 Wild-type Gr32a / 2 +Caffeine +Berberine +Quinine +Denatonium Supplementary Figure 1: Detection of sucrose and bitter compounds is not affected in Gr32a / flies.
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION In format provided by Javier DeFelipe et al. (MARCH 2013)
Supplementary Online Information S2 Analysis of raw data Forty-two out of the 48 experts finished the experiment, and only data from these 42 experts are considered in the remainder of the analysis. We
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary Figure 1. Normal AMPAR-mediated fepsp input-output curve in CA3-Psen cdko mice. Input-output curves, which are plotted initial slopes of the evoked fepsp as function of the amplitude of the
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi: 10.1038/nature06994 A phosphatase cascade by which rewarding stimuli control nucleosomal response A. Stipanovich*, E. Valjent*, M. Matamales*, A. Nishi, J.H. Ahn, M. Maroteaux, J. Bertran-Gonzalez,
More informationSupplementary Figure S1 (a) (b)
Supplementary Figure S1: IC87114 does not affect basal Ca 2+ level nor nicotineinduced Ca 2+ influx. (a) Bovine chromaffin cells were loaded with Fluo-4AM (1 μm) in buffer A containing 0.02% of pluronic
More informationSupplemental Information. Proprioceptive Opsin Functions. in Drosophila Larval Locomotion
Neuron, Volume 98 Supplemental Information Proprioceptive Opsin Functions in Drosophila Larval Locomotion Damiano Zanini, Diego Giraldo, Ben Warren, Radoslaw Katana, Marta Andrés, Suneel Reddy, Stephanie
More informationSupplementary Figures
J. Cell Sci. 128: doi:10.1242/jcs.173807: Supplementary Material Supplementary Figures Fig. S1 Fig. S1. Description and/or validation of reagents used. All panels show Drosophila tissues oriented with
More information