HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY Student Book

Transcription

1 HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY Studnt Book 2nd Grad Unit 4

2 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 204 Introduction 4 2/4/ Articl On Th Lgislativ Branch... 8 Th Grat Compromis 9 Th Hous of Rprsntativs 11 Th Snat 15 Passing Laws 19 Slf Tst Articl Two Th Excutiv Branch Th Powrs of th Prsidnt 27 Elcting a Prsidnt 30 Slf Tst Articl Thr Th Judicial Branch Th Suprm Court 42 Articl Four Th Stats 46 Articl Fiv Changs to th Constitution 47 Articl Six Th Law of th Land 49 Articl Svn Bcoming Law 50 Slf Tst Th Bill of Rights Th Nw Govrnmnt Bgins 55 Prsonal Frdoms 57 Latr Amndmnts 61 Slf Tst Symbols and Historic Placs LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION 1

3 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 Authors: Alan R. Dutton Rachll Wirsma Editors: Alan Christophrson Rachl Grack Mdia Crdits: Pag 4: Jupitrimags, Liquidlibrary, Thinkstock; 12: Thodor R. Davis, Library of Congrss; 15: JPLDsigns, istock, Thinkstock; 16: Th Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collction, Nw York Public Library; 27: ClaudinVM, istock, Thinkstock; 28: Pt Souza; 29: Jacob H. Prski; 30: Dynamic Graphics, liquidlibrary, Thinkstock; 32: mhatzapa, istock, Thinkstock; 34: Library of Congrss; 42: Stv Pttway, Collction of th Suprm Court of th Unitd Stats; 46: Sudowoodo, istock, Thinkstock; 49: maximmmmum, istock, Thinkstock; 55: National Archivs and Rcords Administration; 57: Evgnii Bobrov, istock, Thinkstock; 66: Purstock, Thinkstock; 67: Richard Smik, Hmra, Thinkstock. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA MMXVI by Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, a division of Glynlyon, Inc., maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION In 1787, Amrica s Founding Fathrs mt to crat a govrnmnt for th nw country. Thy wrot th Constitution. Th Constitution has srvd as th foundation of th Unitd Stats govrnmnt for ovr 200 yars. In an arlir unit, you larnd that th Constitution cratd thr branchs of govrnmnt. Ths branchs ar th lgislativ, xcutiv, and judicial. Now, you will larn mor about th U.S. govrnmnt as writtn in th Constitution. 4 Introduction

5 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Thy will tll what you will b abl to do whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC. 1. List som of th rquirmnts for bing a Unitd Stats snator or rprsntativ. 2. List som of th dutis of th Congrss. 3. List th rquirmnts for bing prsidnt of th Unitd Stats. 4. Dscrib at last two dutis of th prsidnt. 5. Nam th highst court in th land. 6. Giv th most important duty of th courts. 7. Tll at last on way th Constitution could b amndd. Nw Words Ths words will appar in boldfac (darkr print) th first tim thy ar usd. Anti-Fdralists (Ăn tī-fĕd r lĭsts). Amricans who wr against th Constitution. amnd ( mĕnd ). To chang or mak bttr. amndmnt ( mĕnd m nt). A chang to a documnt. approv ( pr oov ). To agr with somthing. assmbl ( sĕm b l). To gathr togthr. bail (bāl). An amount of mony that must b paid to gt somon out of jail whil h or sh waits for a trial. ballot (băl t). A way to vot. bill (bĭl). A suggstion for a law; a rough draft of a law. Introduction 5

6 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 cabint (kăb nĭt). A group of popl chosn by th prsidnt to hlp him or hr mak important dcisions. candidat (kăn dĭ dāt). A prson who runs for public offic. citizn (sĭt ĭ z n). A prson of a crtain country; if you liv in th Unitd Stats, you ar an Amrican citizn. compromis (kŏm pr mīz). Sttling a problm in a way that ach sid givs up crtain things in ordr to rach an agrmnt. lctor (ĭ lĕk t r). Spcial rprsntativs from ach stat that vot for th prsidnt. qual (ē kw l). Th sam numbr. xcutiv ordr (ĭg zĕk y tĭv ôr d r). A spcial law th prsidnt can mak without th approval of Congrss. Fdralists (Fĕd r lĭsts). Amricans who supportd th Constitution. fin (fīn). An amount that must b paid as punishmnt for a crim. foundation (foun dā sh n). Th bas on which somthing is built. illgal (ĭ lē g l). Against th law. impach (ĭm pēch ). To charg with a crim. just (jŭst). Fair and right. justic (jŭs tĭs). Th nam of a Suprm Court judg. majority (m jôr ĭ tē). Th largr part of a group; at last mor than half of th total numbr. military (mĭl ĭ tĕr ē). Th armd forcs, including th army, navy, air forc, marins, and Coast Guard. 6 Introduction

7 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION misus (mĭs y ooz ). To us somthing in th wrong way or for th wrong purpos. oath (ōth). A promis to do somthing. pardon (pär dn). To compltly forgiv a crim. prsonal (pûr s n l). Having to do with on prson. political party (p lĭt ĭ k l pär tē). A group of popl who shar crtain idas of how th govrnmnt should b run. population (pŏp y lā sh n). Th total of all popl living in a crtain ara. prss (prĕs). Th popl or printd itms that rport th nws, such as nwspaprs, magazins, and tlvision rportrs. privacy (prī v sē). To kp somthing from bing shard with othrs. propos (pr pōz ). To suggst. punish (pŭn ĭsh). To giv som sort of tratmnt for a wrongdoing. ratify (răt fī). To agr with or approv. rsponsibilitis (rĭ spŏn s bĭl ĭ tēz). Jobs or dutis. rights (rīts). Things vry prson dsrvs. salut (s l oot ). A military grting that shows rspct, usually by lifting a cuppd hand to th forhad. snator (sĕn t r). Th nam for a mmbr of th Snat. suprm (s oo prēm ). Highst lvl or gratst in powr or rspct. trm (tûrm). Th lngth of tim somthing lasts, such as th numbr of yars a prson can srv in th govrnmnt. tratis (trē tēz). Agrmnts btwn countris. vto (vē tō). To rfus to pass a law. Introduction 7

8 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 1. ARTICLE ONE THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Articl On of th Constitution is about th lgislativ branch. This branch is mad up of Congrss. Th rprsntativs in Congrss ar lctd by th popl. Th framrs of th Constitution carfully dcidd how th lgislativ branch would work. Words to Study bill (bĭl). A suggstion for a law; a rough draft of a law. citizn (sĭt ĭ z n). A prson of a crtain country; if you liv in th Unitd Stats, you ar an Amrican citizn. compromis (kŏm pr mīz). Sttling a problm in a way that ach sid givs up crtain things in ordr to rach an agrmnt. qual (ē kw l). Th sam numbr. foundation (foun dā sh n). Th bas on which somthing is built. impach (ĭm pēch ). To charg with a crim. majority (m jôr ĭ tē). Th largr part of a group; at last mor than half of th total numbr. population (pŏp y lā sh n). Th total of all popl living in a crtain ara. punish (pŭn ĭsh). To giv som sort of tratmnt for a wrongdoing. snator (sĕn t r). Th nam for a mmbr of th Snat. suprm (s oo prēm ). Highst lvl or gratst in powr or rspct. 8 Sction 1

9 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION vto (vē tō). To rfus to pass a law. Ask your tachr to say ths words with you. Tachr Chck Initial Dat Th Grat Compromis Do you rmmbr how th small stats worrid thy would hav lss powr in govrnmnt than th largr stats? Th larg stats had mor popl. Thy thought thy should hav mor vots in govrnmnt. Th framrs of th Constitution wantd to mak sur all stats wr tratd fairly. Rprsntativs cam to an agrmnt. W call this dcision th Grat Compromis. Th Founding Fathrs dcidd to crat two parts of th lgislativ branch. On part is th Hous of Rprsntativs, or Hous, and th othr is th Snat. Th numbr of rprsntativs in th Hous is basd on th numbr of popl in a stat. Th stats with a gratr population hav mor rprsntativs than stats with a small population. But th Snat has an qual numbr of rprsntativs. Each stat has two snators. This compromis plasd both sids. Sction 1 9

10 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 Writ th corrct word on th blank to complt th sntnc. Us th words from th list blow. Cross out th words as you us thm. Not all words will b usd. _ four two framrs population powr snator Snat small Hous of Rprsntativs Grat Compromis 1.1 _ Th two parts of th lgislativ branch ar th and th. 1.2 _ Th small stats worrid th largr stats would hav mor. 1.3 _ Th numbr of mmbrs in th Hous of Rprsntativs is basd on. 1.4 _ A rprsntativ of th Snat is calld a. 1.5 _ Th agrmnt btwn th larg and small stats is calld th. 1.6 _ Each stat has rprsntativs in th Snat. 10 Sction 1

11 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Th Hous of Rprsntativs Today, th Hous of Rprsntativs has 435 mmbrs. This numbr is basd on ach stat s population. Six stats hav only on rprsntativ. Ths stats ar Alaska, Dlawar, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vrmont, and Wyoming. Thy hav th fwst numbr of popl. California has th Who can b a rprsntativ? To b a Hous rprsntativ, a prson must: a. b at last 25 yars old, b. hav bn a citizn of th Unitd Stats for at last 7 yars, and c. liv in th stat that h or sh wants to rprsnt. largst population and th most rprsntativs: 53. Hous rprsntativs ar lctd vry two yars. Fill in th blank with th corrct numbr. 1.7 _ Th Hous of Rprsntativs has mmbrs. 1.8 _ Six small stats hav only mmbr(s). 1.9 _ Th stat of California has th most rprsntativs with. Sction 1 11

12 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 Choos th corrct answr about th ruls to b a Hous rprsntativ _ A prson must b yars old. a. 21 b. 25 c _ A prson must hav bn a U.S. citizn for at last yars. a. 5 b. 7 c. 10 Powr of th Hous Somtims, a prsidnt might brak th law. Th Founding Fathrs wantd to b sur th prsidnt could b punishd for wrongdoing. Th Hous has th spcial powr to impach th prsidnt, or charg him with a crim. Rprsntativs vot to impach a prsidnt. If impachd, th prsidnt must go to trial bfor th Snat. Th impachmnt of Prsidnt Andrw Johnson Th Snat dcids whthr or not th prsidnt is guilty. If found guilty, h or sh can no longr b prsidnt. 12 Sction 1

13 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Rmmbr, th framrs of th Constitution cratd chcks and balancs in th branchs of govrnmnt. Both th Hous of Rprsntativs and th Snat must find th prsidnt guilty of a crim. In this way, th lgislativ branch stays fair, or balancd. Circl th lttr of th corrct answr _ Th Hous of Rprsntativs is basd on th of th stat. a. siz b. location c. population 1.13 _ Which on is NOT a rul for bing a Hous rprsntativ? Th prson must. a. b at last 25 yars old b. hav bn a citizn of th Unitd Stats for 7 yars c. hav bn born in th Unitd Stats d. liv in th stat for which th prson rprsnts 1.14 _ A spcial powr of th Hous of Rprsntativs is that it can vot to th prsidnt. a. lct b. punish c. impach Sction 1 13

14 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit 4 SELF TEST 1 Each answr = 1 point Circl Tru if th statmnt is corrct and Fals if th statmnt is wrong _ Evry stat has two rprsntativs in th Snat. Tru Fals 1.02 _ California has th fwst numbr of Hous rprsntativs. Tru Fals 1.03 _ Th Snat has th powr to impach th prsidnt. Tru Fals 1.04 _ Th disagrmnt btwn th small stats and th larg stats was sttld by th Grat Compromis. Tru Fals 22 Sction 1

15 Unit 4 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Writ th corrct numbr in th blank. Us th numbrs in th box. Not all numbrs will b usd. (Hint: For th fractions, rmmbr your coloring activity. Think about th flags and th stars you colord to hlp you.) _ Th Hous of Rprsntativs has mmbrs _ Th Snat has mmbrs _ Each stat has snators _ A vtod bill must win of th vots in Congrss to bcom a law. Writ th lttr of th corrct answr on th lin to complt th sntnc _ Th numbr of mmbrs in th Hous of Rprsntativs is basd on. a. siz b. ag c. population _ Th prsidnt can ithr sign a bill into law or it. a. pass b. vto c. vot for _ Th trial of an impachd prsidnt is ld by. a. th chif justic b. th vic prsidnt c. a snator Sction 1 23

16 GOVERNMENT UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Unit _ Th vic prsidnt only vots if th Snat has a. a. disagrmnt b. bill c. ti Writ S for a rul to b a snator or H for a rul to b a Hous rprsntativ. (Hint: On rul is for both.) lctd vry two yars at last 30 yars old lctd vry six yars at last 25 yars old a citizn for 7 yars a citizn for 9 yars liv in th stat h or sh wants to rprsnt Fill in th numbr of th articl _ Articl of th Constitution is about th lgislativ branch Tachr Chck Initial Dat My Scor 24 Sction 1

17 HIS0204 Fb 17 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA ISBN