1.1 a The structure and functin if the skeletal system Learning ibjectves

Transcription

1 1.1 a The structure and functin if the skeletal system Learning ibjectves To be able to describe the functons of the skeleton. To be able to recognise and label a skeleton. To understand the diferent joint classifcatons and associated movements. To be able to describe the diferent components of a joint.

2 Bines The adult skeleton has 206 bones and provides the framework for all movement. Watch m e Hiw many bine names di yiu kniw already?

3 Bine names Head/Neck jiint Cranium Vertebral column

4 Bine names Shiulder jiint Scapula Humerus Clavicle

5 Bine names Chest regiin Ribs Sternum

6 Bine names Elbiw regiin Humerus Radius Ulna

7 Bine names Hip jiint Femur Pelvis

8 Bine names Femur Patella Knee jiint Tibia

9 Bine names Fibula Tibia Talus Ankle jiint

10 Functins if the skeletin The skeleton performs many functons in the body. 1. Suppirt The skeleton supports the muscles. 2. Pritectin The skeleton protects delicate parts of the body like the brain. 3. Mivement Muscles are atached to the bones and once contractng allows movement. 4. Pisture The skeleton gives us our shape/size and helps us remain upright. 5. Mineral stirage vital minerals such as Calcium and Phosphorus are stored in bones. 6. Bliid cell priductin blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

11 1. Suppirt It gives the body suppirt, enabling us to stand. The bones of the body are held together by ligaments. The skeleton provides a framework for the muscles, which are atached to bones by tendins.

12 2. Pritectin Some of our body parts, such as the brain, are very delicate and need pritectin. Bones can protect body parts from impacts and injuries.

13 3. Mivement Muscles are frmly atached to bones forming levers to allow for sportng movements.

14 4. Pisture & Structural Shape The skeleton acts as a framework. Muscles are frmly atached to bones forming our body shape and holds us upright.

15 5. Mineral Stirage The minerals in your bones serve two main functions. Minerals transform spongy bone matrix into a rigid structure and in turn increase density and strength. Your bones also function as a mineral storage depot, releasing dissolved calcium, phosphorus and magnesium into your bloodstream if needed.

16 6. Bliid cell priductin The ends of long bones and some other bones including the ribs, humerus, femur and even vertebrae bones, contain red bine marriw. This is where the red blood cells are produced which carry oxygen. Other functins include:

17 Structure if the skeletin A joint is. A jiint is a place where two or more bones meet The skeletal system has a number of joints which are responsible for the huge range of mivement. There are several diferent types if jiint in the body which allow diferent types of movement.

18 Hinge jiints and mivement types Hinge jiints - only allow flexliin and exltensiin movement like the hinge on a door. Exlamples fiund in the bidy: The knee and elbow. Why are these jiints impirtant fir spirt? These joint are extremely powerful and in conjuncton with surrounding muscles can produce power and speed i.e. Knee drive during a 100m sprint

19 Flexliin and Exltensiin FLEXION Decreasing the angle at a jiint. (Bending the joint) EXTENSION - Increasing the angle at a jiint. (Straightening the joint)

20 Ball & sicket jiints and mivement types Ball and sicket jiint - the rounded end of a bone fts inside a cupsshaped end. Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directins. These are the most mobile joints in the body. Exlamples fiund in the bidy: Shoulders and hips. Why are these jiints impirtant fir spirt? Most sportng movements require the type of movement the shoulder and hip allow. i.e. tennis serve

21 Ball & sicket jiints and mivement types Flexliin and Exltensiin Increasing and decreasing the angle at the joint. Abductin and Adductin Abducton and Adducton is determined from the MIDLINE of the body.

22 Adductin & Abductin ADDUCTION Sideways moving limb towards midline of the body. ABDUCTION Sideways moving limb away from midline of the body REMEMBER: Adductin is ti ADD tiwards the midline. REMEMBER: Abductiin is ti TAKE AWAY frim the midline.

23 Ball & sicket jiints and mivement types Ritatin/Circumductin The joint moves in a circular moton. e.g. Service acton or bowling acton.

24 Structure if a synivial jiint The following structures help prevent injury.

25 Apply it! What has stuck with you? Think. Pair. Share - What mivements have iccurred during these actin? What jiints type are in use?

26 Apply it! What has stuck with you?

27 Practce it! Exlam questins 1. Which bones are found at the shoulder joint? A B C D Femur and tbia Humerus and radius Scapula and humerus Tibia and fbula 2. Which bones are found at the elbow joint? A B C D (1) Femur and tbia Humerus and radius Scapula and humerus Tibia and fbula (1)

28 Practce it! Exlam questins 3. The humerus is a long bone. Which of the following statements correctly identfes a functon of the humerus and its associated advantage to the performer in the statement? (1) A a hockey player can reach further to hit the ball as the humerus is a long bone B a footballer can kick the ball harder due to the length of the humerus C the humerus acts as a lever so a hockey player can apply more force to the ball D the humerus protects the footballer from injury.

29 Practce it! Exlam Questins: 4. Using an example from a sport of your choice, identfy the two types of movement that can occur at a hinge joint. (4) Figure 1 Shows a tennis player. The forehand acton involves the use of many joints within the body. a) Identfy the type of joint working at the shoulder (1)

30 Practce it! Exlam questins 6. Figure 4 shows a high board diver in fight. Complete the following statements about the diver. (i) The high diver has... his legs at the knee and folded his body by... at the... joint to allow him to bend forward. (3) (ii) The diver s arms are... at the elbow. The muscle that contracts to bring about this movement is the.... (2)

31 Practce it! A Exlam questins 7. Figure 5 is a diagram of a joint. B C i) What is the name and type of joint shown in Figure 5? Joint name... Joint type... (2) (ii) Name the bones of the joint labelled A, B and C in Figure 5. (3) A... B... C...

32 Practce it! Marks Scheme: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. Flexion & Extension (Flexion) lifing a hockey stck in preparaton to strike the ball (Extension) movement of the stck downwards to strike the ball 5. a) Ball and socket

33 Practce it! Marks Scheme: 6. i) Extended/extension, Flexing/fexion, Hip ii) Flexed, Bicep iii) Ball and Socket 7. i) Knee, Hinge ii) Femur, Patella, Tibia