Supporting immune function in a post-antibiotic world. Demand for poultry products

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1 Supporting immune function in post-ntibiotic world Doug Korver University of Albert, Edmonton, AB Cnd Western Poultry Conference 2018 Demnd for poultry products Chicken will surpss pork s the most consumed niml protein in 2021 OECD (2015), Per cpit met consumed in the world, in OECD-FAO Agriculturl Outlook 2015, OECD Publishing, Pris. Incresing demnd for poultry products Growth in met nd chicken consumption will come minly in the developing world

2 The opportunity for nutritionists Feed represents 70% of the cost of production Lrge potentil impct On overll efficiency, economics, environmentl impct How we provide the nutrients How efficiently the birds use the nutrients Humn digestive trct surfce re: ~32 m 2 Helnder & Fndriks, 2014 Wht do ntibiotics do? Reduce interctions between host nd microbiome Reduce microbiot complexity Reduce chnges in microbil popultions Reduce inflmmtion (locl nd systemic)

3 Rour et l., J. Nutr : ANSC 463 Antibiotic replcements Wht re we ctully trying to do? Replce ntibiotics Antibiotics (from ncient Greek αντιβιοτικά, ntibiotiká) re type of ntimicrobil drug used in the tretment nd prevention of bcteril infections. (Wikipedi) An ntimicrobil is n gent tht kills microorgnisms or stops their growth Antibiotic replcements Is copper n ntibiotic? Fest & Thiele, 2012

4 Antibiotic replcements Antibiotic replcements need to be evluted crefully Potentil for development of resistnce Antibiotic replcements Dietry products tht modulte the microbiome Dietry products tht modulte host immune response Vccines Probiotics Competitive Exclusion Exmple Lctobcilli form biofilm on the crop epithelium Fuller & Brooker Americn Journl of Clinicl Nutrition 27:

5 Probiotics Competitive Exclusion Probiotics competitive exclusion Cn work, but cn be difficult Het stbility (pelleting) Persistence of effect Complex > simple Prebiotics Indigestible by the bird Digestible by specific clsses of commensl microbes Competitive dvntge ginst bcteri tht cn t digest the prebiotics Pthogens Feeding the good bcteri

6 Brley, ot, yest Immune system stimultion??? Other effects (other components of β glucn products)? β-glucns Oligoscchrides Mnnnoligoscchrides Derived from yest Fructooligoscchrides From plnts Fructose chins "MOS MOA" by Juli FitzPtrick - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 vi Wikimedi Commons -

7 Slmonell reduction in vitro Ricke, Korver et l. Unpublished Nucleotides & Nucleosides Hncock et l., 2012 Nture Reviews Microbiology 10,

8 Orgnic Acids Wek cids Do not dissocite completely in wter Formic Acetic Propionic Butyric Lctic Citric Orgnic Acids Essentil Oils Aromtic oily liquids from vrious plnts Secondry plnt metbolites Low boiling points Associted with herbs nd spices Brenes & Rour, 2009

9 Essentil Oils Minimum inhibitory concentrtion (ppm) of essentil oils ginst vrious broiler pthogens Lee et l., 2004 Enzymes Soluble non-strch polyscchridses Reduce digest viscosity, effects on microbes Degrde specific bcteril components Β-mnnns Proteoglycns Flgellin Others? Triggers for immune response, or molecules essentil to specific microbe survivl or growth Immunomodultion Adjustment of the immune response to desired level Immunopotentition Immunosuppression Induction of immunologic tolernce Miller-Kene Encyclopedi nd Dictionry of Medicine, Nursing, nd Allied Helth, Seventh Edition by Sunders, n imprint of Elsevier Wht is Nutritionl Immunomodultion? Using nutrients to ccomplish the bove

10 Nutritionl Immunomodultion Wht is it not? Nutritionl Immunomodultion Wht do we know bout the immune system? Unintended consequences Wht is helpful under one set of circumstnces my be hrmful under others Are we smrt enough to figure this out? Diet n-3 PUFA nd Rodent Survivl Chllenge Survivl Chllenge Survivl Bcteril Virl Pseudomons eruginos Cytomeglovirus Klebsiell pneumoni Murine leukemi virus Stphylococcus ureus Influenz Slmonell typhimurium Protozo Bcteroides frgilis Plsmodium yoelii Streptococcus Group B Plsmodium berghei Listeri monocytogenes GI flor (undefined) Anderson & Fritsche, 2002

11 Nutritionl Immunomodultion Why? Innte immunity Antibiotics Performnce Food sfety Adptive immunity Vccintions Optimize response, persistency Nutritionl Immunomodultion Exmples n-3 PUFA Vitmin E Crotenoids Selenium HyD Ftty Acids n-3 PUFA Increse innte immune function Pro-inflmmtory cytokines Sijben et l, 2003 Decrese systemic effects of inflmmtion Korver et l., 1997 Increse ntibody response Sijben et l, 2000

12 g/chick/d Body Weight Gin b b Control Lofrin Control Lofrin Corn Oil Fish Oil Non-infected Eimeri-infected Oil P<.06; Lofrin P<.04; Diet X Eimeri P<.05 Korver et l., 1997 Poult. Sci. 76: Lesion Score b Histopthology b b c c c c Control Lofrin Control Lofrin Corn Oil Fish Oil Non-infected Eimeri-infected Diet X Lofrin X Eimeri P<.02 Korver et l., 1997 Poult. Sci. 76: Stimultion Index P< Serum IL-1 Activity b Dietry n-3:n-6 PUFA rtio b

13 Wht Immunomodultion Cn Do Nudge the immune system in the right direction Wht Immunomodultion Cn t Do Over-ride immunologicl tolernce e.g. S. enteritidis in lying hens Gurd-Petter, 2001 Implictions First, understnd wht the problem is Then look t wht nutrient(s) my be ble to nudge the immune system in the right direction

14 Implictions The best pproch is probbly multifctoril Good husbndry Optimize nutrition effects on immunity Wht is most likely to be optiml? Prevent interction of pthogens with the immune system Summry The industry needs to identify suitble ntibiotic replcements Performnce Welfre Food sfety No single product is likely to be effective Summry Need to be wre of the potentil for microbil resistnce Consumer cceptnce Efficcy