Feed Efficiency and Blood Hematology of Broiler Chicks Given a Diet Supplemented with Yeast Culture

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 10 (8): , 2011 ISSN Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2011 Feed Efficiency nd Blood Hemtology of Broiler Chicks Given Diet Supplemented with Yest Culture S. Al-Mnsour, A. Al-Khlf, I. Al-Homidn nd M.M. Fthi 1 2 Deprtment of Veterinry Medicine, Deprtment of Animl Breeding nd Production, Al-Qssim University, Kingdom of Sudi Ari Astrct: A study ws conducted to evlute the effect of supplementl yest culture (Dimond V XP Yest Culture; YC) in roiler diets on growth performnce nd hemtologicl prmeters. One-dy-old Ross 308 roiler chicks (n = 240) were rndomly ssigned to 1 of 4 dietry tretments sed on corn nd soyen mel contining 0, 1, 1.25 (recommended level) nd 1.5 g/kg of YC in the diet over 42 dys. Ech tretment group hd 60 irds divided into 4 replictes. All irds were kept under the sme mngeril, environmentl nd hygienic conditions except for different dietry levels of yest. Feed consumption, weight gin nd feed conversion were mesured on 3 week-intervl sis. At 42 dys of ge three irds were chosen rndomly from ech replicte for determintion of hemtologicl prmeters. The results of this study indicte tht dietry supplementl YC t 1.25 g/kg (recommended level of the mnufctory) improved growth performnce. However, this improvement ws not sttisticlly differed. The chicks fed supplemented diets with YC in the rte of 1.5 g/kg hd significntly (p<0.05) lower White Blood Cell (WBC) counts compred to control one. However, no significnt differences were found mong tretment groups for HGB, RBC, HCT, MCV nd MCH. Generlly, roiler chicks fed with yest shows highly significnt decrese (p<0.0005) in thromocyte count compred to the control group. In conclusion, the ddition of yest culture in roilers' diet improved ody weight gin nd feed efficiency nd decresed H:L rtio, especilly in recommended level (1.25 g YC/kg diet). Key words: Yest, growth, feed efficiency, hemtologicl prmeters, roilers INTRODUCTION For long time, yest products hve een successfully included in feed s nturl growth promoters for nimls nd poultry. Mny types of yest hve een fed to nimls either in the form of yest fermented msh produced on frm, yest y-products from reweries or distilleries, or commercil yest products (Keml et l., 2001; Sied et l., 2011). Scchromyces cerevisie lso known "ker's yest" is one of the most widely commercilized species nd one of the effective dsorents which is rich in crud protein 40-45% nd its iologicl vlues is high nd lso rich in vitmin B complex, iotin, nicin, pntthonic cid nd thimin (Reed nd Ngodwithn, 1999). Whole yest products or yest cell wll components hve een used to improve growth nd ffect the physiology, morphology nd microiology of the intestinl trct of oth turkey (Brdley et l., 1994; Hooge, 2004; Sims et l., 2004; Zdunczyk et l., 2004; 2005; Huff et l., 2007; Rosen, 2007; Solis De Los Sntos et l., 2007; Huff et l., 2010) nd roiler chicks (Hooge, 2004; Zhng et l., 2005; Huff et l., 2006; Rosen, 2007; Yng et l., 2008,; Morles-Lopez et l., 2009). The reduction of ntiiotics in poultry feed is criticl for humn helth due to the contmintions of met products with ntiiotics residues (Engerg et l., 2000; Apjlhti et l., 2004). Mny reserchers referred n dvntge of culture yest tht re fed to nimls re responsile for production of vitmins of B complex nd digestive enzyme nd for stimultion of intestinl mucos immunity nd incresing protection ginst toxins produced y pthogenic microorgnisms (Srker et l., 1996; Mrtinez et l., 2004; Silversides et l., 2006). Some studies hve confirmed the effects of yest culture could e n lterntive to ntiiotic-sed drugs in feed in roiler chicks (Hooge et l., 2003; Stnley et l., 2004). It hs een reported (Bonomi nd Vssi, 1978; Igncio, 1995; Onifde et l., 1999) tht feeding yest to chicks improves ody weight gin nd feed:gin rtio. On the other hnd, Mdriql et l. (1993) filed to oserve positive effect of feeding yest on ody weight of roiler chicks. Knt nd Clilr (1996) reported tht ctive dry yest effectively increses BW gins without ffecting feed/gin rtio in roiler chicks. In contrst, supplementtion of yest to roiler diets improves feed/gin rtio ut not growth rtes (Vldivie, 1975; Onifde et l., 1999). The im of this study ws to determine the effects of dding different levels of yest culture to diet on ody weight gin, feed efficiency nd hemtologicl indices of roiler chicks. Corresponding Author: M.M. Fthi, Deprtment of Animl Breeding nd Production, Al-Qssim University, Kingdom of Sudi Ari 603

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS C Lymphocytes (L) Experimentl design nd husndry of irds: A totl of C Heterophils (H) 240 one-dy-old roiler chicks (Ross 308) were purchsed from commercil supplier. The chicks were C Lymphocytes: Heterophils rtio (H: L) rndomly ssigned to four dietry tretments with similr verge initil weight of 60 irds ech. Ech tretment ws llotted to 4 cged replictes (ech hving 15 chicks). The dietry tretments consisted of the sl diet supplemented with incresing level of YC; 0 (control), 1, 1.25 (recommended level) nd 1.5 g/kg in the diet over 42 d. The irds were fed corn-soyen Sttisticl nlysis: Dt were sujected to one-wy ANOVA using JMP Ver (SAS Institute, 2009) with dietry tretment s fixed effect. All results re presented s men nd the pooled SEM. The significnce of difference mong the groups ws ssessed using Duncn s new multiple rnge test. Significnce ws set s p<0.05. mel strter diets contining 21.5% crude protein nd 3000 Kcl ME/Kg diet until 21 d of ge followed y RESULTS AND DISCUSSION finishing diet contining 19.0% crude protein nd 3200 The effects of yest inclusion on ody weight gin, feed Kcl ME/Kg diet from dy 21 to dy 42. Respective intke nd Feed Conversion Rtio (FCR) re showed in mounts of yest were first mixed with smll mounts Tle 1. Yest level didn't significntly ffect ody weight (100 g) of the sl diets, then with lrger mount of gin, feed intke nd FCR during the first three weeks of the diet until the totl mount of the respective diets were ge. Body weight gin incresed y the ddition of yest. homogeneously mixed. All irds were kept under the But there ws not sttisticlly different etween groups sme mngeril, environmentl nd hygienic over the 42-dy experimentl period. However, lowest conditions except for different dietry levels of yest. ody weight gin ws recorded for the control tretment. Birds were provided with continuous light. Feed nd Our results re in hrmony with the findings of Sied et fresh wter were ville for d liitum consumption l. (2011). They stted tht irds supplemented with YC throughout the 42 d of the experimenttion. Upon rrivl, consumed more nd grew fster nd the etter gin the temperture inside the house hs een djusted to weight nd Crcs weight thn roilers given feed o o 32 C t the first dy nd ws then reduced y 2.5 C ech without YC. Overll feed conversion rtio of the different week. The men vlue of dily temperture inside the tretments ws 1.73, 1.83, 1.50 nd 1.61 for 0, 1, 1.25 house throughout the whole experimentl period ws nd 1.5 g/kg supplementtion, respectively. It could e o 25±1 C. noticed tht chicks received recommended level of yest hd the etter feed conversion rtio compred to the Growth performnce mesurements: Body weight in other supplemented groups. In terms of feed intke, the grm ws determined t 0, 21 nd 42 dys of ge. Feed present results reveled tht chicks fed diet contining consumption, weight gin nd feed conversion were the lowest level of yest consumed more quntity of feed mesured on 3 week-intervl sis. Feed conversion thn the other groups. The greter performnce of irds (kilogrms feed intke per kilogrms BW gin) ws fed the recommended level of YC (1.25 g/kg) compred clculted for ech replicte within ech tretment. Feed with gretest level (1.5 g/kg) my prtly e ttriuted to intke nd feed conversion ws djusted for mortlities reduced energy prtitioning towrd tissue turnover. The when pproprite. lst oservtion is sustined y Sntin et l. (2001) nd Zhng et l. (2005), who reported greter villus height Blood collection nd hemtologicl mesurements: At nd improved performnce in irds with 42 dys of ge three irds were chosen rndomly from supplementtion of whole yest or yest cell wll. Cell ech replicte for leeding. Blood ws collected from wll components of YC ($-glucns nd "-mnnns) wing vein into nticogulnt EDTA treted tues for my provide protective function to mucos y determintion of hemtologicl prmeters. The preventing pthogens from inding to villi nd llowing following hemtologicl prmeters were ssessed y fewer ntigens to e in contct with the villi. Likewise, using Automtic Fully Digitl Hemtology Anlyzer, BC- greter villus height increses the ctivities of enzymes 3000 Plus, Shenzhen Mindry, Bio-Medicl Electronics secreted from the tips of the villi (Hmpson, 1986), Co., LTD. resulting in improved digestiility. Tller villi indicte more mture epitheli nd enhnced sorptive function C Totl Red Blood Cell (RBC) due to incresed sorptive re of the villus. Also, Bhtt C Totl White Blood Cell (WBC) et l. (1995); Keml et l. (2003) reported improvements C Hemogloin (HGB) in feed conversion rtio when ntiiotic nd ker yest C Hemtocrit (HCT) ws dded to the diets. On the contrry, some C Men Corpusculr Volume (MCV) experiments reported tht feed conversion rtio ws not C Men Corpusculr Hemogloin (MCH) ffected y YC used in the diets (Kumprechtov et l., C Thromocyte (T) 2000; Ghsemi et l., 2006; Sied et l., 2011). 604

3 Tle 1: Effect of yest supplementtion on ody weight gin nd feed efficiency of roiler chicks Yest supplementtion (g/kg diet) Item 0 1 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 1.5 g/kg P SEM 0-3 wk BW gin (g/ird) Feed intke (g/ird) FCR wk BW gin (g/ird) Feed intke (g/ird) FCR wk BW gin (g/ird) Feed intke (g/ird) FCR Tle 2: Blood hemtology prmeters s ffected y different yest levels Yest supplementtion (g/kg diet) Prmeter 0 1 g/kg 1.25 g/kg 1.5 g/kg P SEM 3 WBC (10 /µl) HGB (g/dl) RBC (10 /µl) HCT (%) MCV (fl) MCH (pg) T (10 /µl) Mens within row within titer with no common superscript differ significntly Fig. 1: Effect of yest supplementtion on lymphocytes, heterophils nd H:L rtio Blood hemtologicl prmeters serve s indictors of the physiologicl stte of irds (Cstgliulo et l., 1996; Srker et l., 1996; Chowdhury et l., 2005). Whoever, hemtologicl indices of roiler chicks fed diet supplemented with YC re shown in Tle 2. While, the concentrtion of lymphocytes, heterophils nd H:L rtio re illustrted in Fig. 1. The current results reveled tht the chicks fed supplemented diets with YC in the rte of 1.5 g/kg hd significntly (p<0.05) lower White Blood Cell (WBC) counts compred to control one. Also, it could e concluded tht the yest inclusion decresed WBC s level increse. The lst result enhnces the hypothesis tht yest inclusion my e improve immunity through WBCs reduction. Chnges in lood cell profile in roiler chicks s ffected y yest supplementtion hve een reported (Sied et l., 2011). They stted tht totl WBC nd lymphocytes counts were significntly (p<0.05) reduced, ut did not effects on the hemtocrit nd hemogloin concentrtions when compred with the irds of control group. Pryd nd Mhmoudi (2008) reported tht oth 1.5 nd 2% S. cerevisie yest significntly (p<0.05) incresed WBC nd decresed heterophils to lymphocytes rtio of chicks. The inclusion of YC didn t ffected the vriles of H:L rtio. However, chicks received diet supplemented with 1.25 g/kg exhiited the lowest rtio compred to the other supplemented groups. However, no significnt differences were found mong tretment groups for HGB, RBC, HCT, MCV nd MCH. Generlly, roiler chicks fed with yest shows highly significnt decrese (p<0.0005) in thromocyte count compred to the control group. In conclusion, the inclusion of yest culture in roilers' diet gretly enhnces feed efficiency nd improves H:L rtio. REFERENCES Apjlhti, J., A. Kettunen nd H. Grhm, Chrcteristics of the gstrointestinl microil communities, with specil reference to the chicken. World's Poult. Sci., 60:

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