Effects of Coriander Essential Oil on the Performance, Blood Characteristics, Intestinal Microbiota and Histological of Broilers

Transcription

1 Brzilin Journl of Poultry Science Revist Brsileir de Ciênci Avícol ISSN X Oct - Dec 2015 / v.17 / n.4 / Author(s) Ghznfri S I Mohmmdi Z I II I Deprtment of Animl nd Poultry Sciences, University of Tehrn, Aburihn cmpus, Pkdsht, Tehrn, Irn. II Deprtment of Bsic Sciences, Fculty of Veterinry Medicine, University of Tehrn, Tehrn, Irn. Mil Address Corresponding uthor e-mil ddress Dr. Shokoufe Ghznfri, Deprtment of Animl nd Poultry Sciences, University of Tehrn, Aburihn cmpus, Pkdsht, Tehrn, Irn. Emil: shghznfri@ut.c.ir Keywords Alterntive growth promoters, ntibiotics, broiler, extrct, performnce. Submitted: December/2014 Approved: June/2015 Abstrct Present study ws conducted to investigte the effects of the dietry supplementtion of corinder oil on broiler performnce, blood chrcteristics, microbiot, nd smll intestine morphology mesurements. A number of one-dy-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were llocted to five tretments, with four replictes ccording to completely rndomized design (CRD). Birds were offered either cornsoyben mel bsl diet (control), or the bsl diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg of flvophospholipol ntibiotic, 100, 200, or 300 mg/kg corinder essentil oil. At 42 dys of ge, two birds per replicte were selected for blood collection, slughtered, nd its intestinl microbiot nd morphology were investigted. The results indicted tht weight gin, feed intke, nd feed conversion rtio significntly improved by the dietry inclusion of the corinder oil nd ntibiotic compred with the control tretment (p<0.01). Blood biochemistry prmeters were not ffected by dietry tretments (p>0.05). Birds fed the corinder oil nd ntibiotic diets hd lower popultions of Escherichi coli thn control group in cecum (p<0.05). The dietry tretments influenced the morphology of smll intestinl villi. Birds fed ntibiotic nd corinder essentil oil presented higher villus height nd crypt depth compred with those in the control tretment (p<0.01). Corinder essentil oil supplementtion significntly decresed epithelil thickness nd the number of goblet cell of the smll intestinl compred with the control tretment (p<0.0001). In conclusion, corinder oil ws shown to be n efficient growth promoter. The intestinl helth improvement obtined with corinder oil ws ssocited with improvements in broiler growth performnce. Introduction Modern intensive poultry production hs chieved phenomenl improvements, resulting in the efficient nd economicl production of high qulity nd sfe chicken met nd eggs. The use of feed dditives hs been n importnt prt of chieving this success. Common feed dditives used in poultry diets include ntimicrobils nd ntioxidnts (Hshemi et l., 2012). Phytogenics re reltively new clss of feed dditives. Evidences suggest tht some herbl plnts hve ppetitestimulting properties, nti-bcteril effects, or my hve ntioxidnt functions (Mountzouris et l., 2007). It hs been reported tht essentil oils improved poultry growth performnce becuse of their bility to increse dietry digestibility (Jmroz et l., 2005; Cross et l., 2007), to blnce the gut microbil ecosystem, improving gut helth (Hong et l., 2012), nd to stimulte the secretion of endogenous digestive enzymes (Willims & Los, 2001; Cross et l., 2007). Corinder (Corinder stivum) is n umbelliferous nnul plnt of prsley fmily, ntive of estern Mediterrnen nd Southern Europe, 419

2 nd found in mny other prts of the world (Erts et l., 2005). Corinder oil is obtined by stem distilltion of the dried fully ripe fruits (seeds) of Corindrum stivum L (Burdock & Crbin, 2009). The oil is colorless or ple yellow liquid with chrcteristic odor nd mild, sweet, nd romtic flvor. Corinder oil hs been recognized s GRAS (generlly recognized s sfe) for use in foods by FDA (Food nd Drug Administrtion) nd it is pproved by the Council of Europe. The min constituent of the voltile oil is the monoterpene lcohol, linlool (70%) (Burdock & Crbin, 2009). Corinder hs been used s medicinl plnt to mnge dibetes, nd s n ntifungl, ntioxidnt hypolipidemic, ntimicrobil, hypocholesterolemic nd nticonvulsnt compound (Delquis et l., 2002). In ddition, it stimultes ppetite nd digestion (Çbuk et l., 2003). Recent studies hve lso demonstrted it hs hypoglycemic ction nd ffects crbohydrte metbolism. The hypoglycemic effect of plnts my be due to presence of insulin-like substnces, stimulting β cells to produce more insulin, improving insulin ction nd binding, incresing glucose metbolism, nd my lso hve regenertive effect on the pncretic tissue (Gholmli et l., 2007). The ntimicrobil effect of essentil oils is well estblished in vitro ginst importnt pthogens, including fungi (Hmmer et l., 1999) nd in vivo ginst Escherichi coli nd Clostridium perfringens in broilers (Jmroz et l., 2003). Regrding reported biologicl ctivities, corinder oil showed very good ntibcteril ctivity ginst some humn pthogenic bcteri, nmely Stphylococcus ureus, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Pseu-domons eruginos, Escherichi coli, nd Listeri monocytogenes (Delquis et l., 2002). Corinder hs been reported to mrkedly reduce lipid biosynthesis nd recently, to chieve protective role ginst the experimentl colon crcinogenesis effects of some lipids (Lee et l., 2003). In this study, we investigted the use of corinder oil compred to n ntibiotic in broiler nutrition s nturl growth promoting substnce on growth performnce, some blood prmeters, nd intestinl microbiology nd histologicl chrcteristics. Mteril nd methods Animls nd experimentl tretments In this experiment, 200 one-dy-old broilers (Ross 308 (were rndomly llocted to five tretments with four replictes of 10 birds ech (five mles nd five femles). The birds were kept in 20 pens (1 x 1.1 m). 420 Temperture nd reltive humidity ws mintined within the optiml rnge. A lighting progrm of 23 h of light nd 1 h of drkness ws pplied. Feed nd wter were offered d libitum. The bsl diet ws in msh form nd formulted for strter (1 10 dys of ge), grower (11 24 dys of ge) nd finisher (25 42 dys of ge) rering periods nd the diet composition is shown in Tble 1. The tretments consisted of control group fed the bsl diet (no essentil oil); three groups fed the bsl diet supplemented with corinder essentil oil t levels of 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of diet; nd one group fed the bsl diet supplemented with 600 mg/ kg of flvophospholipol 1 ntibiotic (recommended level for growth promotion). Tretment diets were fed during the entire experimentl period (1-42 dys). The corinder essentil oil ws mixed with crrier (soyben oil), which ws then dded to the bsl diet. The corinder essentil oil ws provided by Zrdbnd Phrmceuticl Compny (Tehrn, Irn). The chemicl composition of the corinder essentil oil ws provided by the mnufcturer compny s follows: linlool (67.6 %), α-pinene (7.1%), cmphor (4.4 %), nd terpinene gmm (7.2 %). Performnce Prmeters Body weight nd feed intke were determined when broilers on dys 10, 24, nd 42 nd used to clculte growth performnce prmeters (weight gin, feed intke nd feed conversion rtio (FCR). Blood smples Blood smples (n = 8 mle birds/tretment) were obtined by puncture of the left wing vein t 42 dys of ge for subsequent determintion of cholesterol nd triglyceride serum levels. Blood smples were immeditely centrifuged for 15 min t 3000 rpm to obtin the serum, nd serum smples were kept in conicl tubes t -20 o C until nlyses. Individul serum smples were nlyzed for glucose, totl cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), nd very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels using commercil kits (Prs Azmoon kits, Prs Azmoon Inc., Tehrn) (Toghyni et l., 2011). Enumertion of bcteri At 42 dys of ge, four mle birds from ech dietry tretment were rndomly selected nd slughtered by decpittion. Their digestive trcts were immeditely 1 -Flvophospholipol 0.6%, Premix; Production Animl Drug Compny; ech 1kg premix contins 600 mg ctive flvophospholipol.

3 Tble 1 Composition of bsl diet nd clculted nutritionl vlues. Feed ingredients (g/kg) Strter (1 10 dys) Grower (11 24 dys) Finisher (24 42 dys) Corn Soyben mel (45%CP) Diclcium phosphte Soyben Oil Clcium CO Minerl Premix Vitmin Premix DL-methionine (98%) Common Slt L-Lysine HCl (78%) Totl Clculted nutritionl vlues Metbolized energy (kcl/kg) Crude protein (%) Clcium (%) Avilble phosphorus (%) Digestible lysine (%) Digestible methionine (%) Digestible methionine +cystine(%) Digestible threonine (%) Diclcium phosphte contined: 16% phosphorous nd 23% clcium. Vitmin premix per kg of diet: vitmin A (retinol), 2.7 mg; vitmin D3 (Choleclciferol), 0.05 mg; vitmin E (tocopheryl cette), 18 mg; vitmin k3, 2 mg; thimine 1.8 mg; riboflvin, 6.6 mg; pntothenic cid, 10 mg; pyridoxine, 3 mg; cynocoblmin, mg; nicin, 30 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg; folic cid, 1 mg; choline chloride, 250 mg; Antioxidnt 100 mg. b Minerl premix per kg of diet: Fe (FeSO4 7H2O, 20.09% Fe), 50 mg; Mn (MnSO4.H2O, 32.49% Mn), 100 mg; Zn (ZnO, 80.35% Zn), 100 mg; Cu (CuSO4 5H2O), 10 mg; I (KI, 58% I), 1 mg; Se (NSeO3, 45.56% Se), 0.2 mg. dissected nd 1g of cecum contents ws collected into flcon contining 10 ml of physiologicl sline nd glycerin (9 prts sline nd 1 prt glycerin) nd were kept on ice until inocultion nd incubtion. All smples were diluted 1:10 with norml sline solution nd their weight ws recorded (Hshemi et l., 2012). Further seril dilutions (10-5 to 10-6 ) were mde in norml sline solution nd 300 ml were plted on gr pltes. Escherichi coli ws quntified on the mc knkey gr (Merck, Drmstdt, Germny, 2013). Pltes were incubted for 24 h t 37 C. Lctobcillus ws counted on the MRS gr (Merck, Drmstdt, Germny, 2013) nd Pltes were incubted t 37 C for h (Engberg et l., 2000). Results were expressed s log of colony forming units (CFU) per grm of cecum content (Hshemi et l., 2012). Intestinl morphometric mesurement The intestinl morphometric vribles, villus height, crypt depth, goblet cell number, epithelil thickness nd villus height: crypt depth rtio ws evluted in the duodenum, jejunum nd ileum (Lnghout et l., 1999). On dy 42, 4 mle birds from ech tretment were killed by decpittion, then, 3 cm lengths of duodenum (midpoint of the pncretic loop), jejunum (midpoint of 421 jejunum) nd ileum (5 cm fter diverticulum vitellinum) were removed for gut morphologicl mesurements. Intestinl smples from ech section were immersed in formldehyde, before fixtion in bouin s solution nd prffin embedding. Histologicl exmintions were crried out ccording to the method of Iji et l. (2001). Prffin sections t 6 μm thickness were mde from ech smple, stined with hemtoxylin nd eosin, nd exmined by light microscopy. Villus height, crypt depth, goblet cell number nd epithelil thickness were nlyzed from ech preprtion. The length of the intestinl villi nd the depth of the intestinl crypt were mesured with liner scled grticule. The number of goblet cells/μm 2 re of the villus nd crypts ws mesured by 25 squred grticule. Sttisticl nlysis A completely rndomized design (CRD) ws employed. Dt were nlyzed by Generl Liner Models procedure of Sttisticl Anlysis System (SAS, 2004). Logrithmic (Log 10) trnsformtion ws pplied for microbil colony forming unit (CFU) dt. Duncn s multiple rnge test were used for comprison of mens (p<0.05).

4 Results Growth Performnce During the strter period (1-10 dys of ge), the birds fed 200 mg corinder essentil oil/kg diet nd the diet with ntibiotic hd significntly lower feed intke s compred to the other tretments (p<0.01). Birds fed diets contining corinder essentil oil t the level of 300 mg/kg tretment hd the highest weight gin nd those fed the control tretment hd the worst FCR during the strter period (p<0.01). No differences (p>0.05) in feed intke nd weight gin were observed between birds under the different dietry tretments during the grower period (11-24 dys of ge); however, ntibiotic-fed birds presented the lowest FCR during grower period (p<0.05). During the finisher period (25-42 dys of ge), the ntibiotic tretment nd corinder essentil oil t 300 mg/kg incresed feed intke nd birds fed the feed with ntibiotic presented higher weight gin (p<0.05). During the finisher period, the FCR of birds fed corinder essentil oil t levels of 200 nd 300 mg/kg nd ntibiotic ws lower thn tht of birds in the control tretment (p<0.05). During entire period (1-42 dys of ge), the highest feed intke nd weight gin were observed with the diets contining the ntibiotic nd corinder essentil oil t 300 mg/ kg (p<0.01). Feed conversion rtio of birds in the corinder essentil oil nd ntibiotic tretments ws significntly better compred with those in the control tretment (p<0.01), s shown in Tble 2. Serum biochemistry The dietry supplementtion with corinder essentil oil nd ntibiotic did not significntly ffect cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride or nd glucose serum levels (p>0.05), s shown in Tble 3. Microbil enumertion The dietry supplementtion with corinder essentil oil did not ffect Lctobcillus spp. (p>0.05) counts. Lower Escherichi coli counts were observed in the cec of birds fed corinder essentil oil t levels of 200 nd 300 mg/kg nd ntibiotic compred with the control tretment (p<0.05), s show in Tble 4. Histomorphologicl mesurements The ntibiotic nd corinder essentil oil tretments promoted higher villus height nd crypt depth in the smll intestinl in comprison with control tretment (p<0.01). Corinder essentil oil supplementtion reduced epithelil thickness nd the number of goblet cells in the smll intestinl compred with the control tretment (p<0.0001). Lower villus height to crypt depth rtio in duodenum ws determined in birds fed corinder essentil oil 300 mg/kg (p<0.05). Corinder essentil oil 300 mg/kg nd ntibiotic reduced villus height: crypt depth rtio in jejunum nd ileum compred with other tretments (p<0.01), s show in Tble 5. Tble 2 Effect of dietry corinder essentil oil nd ntibiotic on feed intke, weight gin nd feed conversion rtio in broiler chickens Tretments Item p vlue SEM ntibiotic Control 300mg/kg 200mg/kg 100mg/kg Feed intke (g/bird/d) b b dys dys b 2396 b 2386 b 2363 b 25-42dys b 4082 b 4013 bc 3973 c 1-42 dys Weight gin (g/bird/d) b 173 c b 196 b 1-10 dys dys b b 1220 b 25-42dys b b 2169 b 1-42 dys feed conversion rtio (feed/gin) b b 1.54 b 1.54 b 1-10 dys b b dys b b 1.86 b 1.94 b 25-42dys b b 1.80 b 1.83 b 1-42 dys Results re given s mens of tretments,b,c Mens within row with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) SEM: stndrd error of mens. 422

5 Tble3 Effect of dietry corinder essentil oil nd ntibiotic on on serum biochemicl prmeters of broilers t 42 dys of ge Tretments p vlue SEM Antibiotic Control 300mg/kg 200mg/kg 100mg/kg Item Cholesterol (mg/dl) Triglyceride(mg/dl) glucose(mg/dl) HDL (mg/dl) LDL (mg/dl) VLDL (mg/dl) Results re given s mens of tretments 1 High density lipoprotein, 2 Low density lipoprotein, 3 Very low density lipoprotein,b,c Mens within row with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) SEM: stndrd error of mens. Tble 4 The effect of dietry corinder essentil oil supplementtion on Escherichi coli nd Lctobcilli numbers in the cecum contents of broilers t 42 dys of ge. Tretment p-vlue SEM ntibiotic control 300mg/kg 200mg/kg 100mg/kg Item Lctobcillus(log cfu g-1) b b 4.29 b 4.36 b Escherichi coli(log cfu g-1),b,c Mens within row with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) SEM: stndrd error of mens. log cfu g-1: log of colony forming units per grm of cecum content Tble5 Effect of dietry tretments on the intestinl morphology of birds on 42 dys of ge. Tretment Item p-vlue SEM ntibiotic control 300mg/kg 200mg/kg 100mg/kg Villus height (µm) c b b bc Duodenum d b bc cd Jejunum c bc b bc Ileum Crypt depth (µm) b c b bc Duodenum < d b bc cd Jejunum < d b b c Ileum Epithelil thickness (µm) c c bc b Duodenum b b Jejunum < b c c bc Ileum Goblet cells bc d 7.80 c 9.20 b Duodenum b c 7.20 c 8.00 bc Jejunum < c c 7.00 c 9.00 b Ileum Villus height: Crypt depth b b Duodenum < c b 7.59 b 7.85 b Jejunum c bc 6.89 bc 7.26 b Ileum Results re given s mens of tretments,b,c Mens within row with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05) SEM: stndrd error of mens. 423

6 The intestinl villi were nrrow nd finger-shped nd none of the dietry tretments cused ny histopthologicl chnges in the intestinl mucos (Figures 1 nd 2). Figure 1: Photomicrogrph of the cross section of jejunum full thickness of control broiler (: indicting villus height nd b: indicting crypt depth s mesured) H nd E X100 (Scle Br= 500 µm) Figure 2: Photomicrogrph of the cross section of jejunum full thickness of control niml (: indicting Epithelil thickness nd b: indicting Goblet cell s mesured) H nd E X400 (Scle Br= 500 µm) Discussion Growth performnce In present study, corinder oil nd ntibiotic improved broiler performnce, s shown by the higher growth rtes nd better FCR compred with the control birds. b b 424 The improvement in FCR ws result of differences in feed intke, nd possibly due to higher feed digestibility. Lee et l. (2004) suggested tht essentil oil my increse feed intke in broilers minly due to their plesnt odor nd flvor. In ddition, Çbuk et l. (2003) observed tht the min component of corinder oil, linlool, promoted increse in broiler villi height, nd therefore, my enhnce the ctivity of digestive enzymes, resulting in higher nutrient bsorption, better feed conversion rtio, nd greter growth rte. In greement with these results, Hernndez et l. (2004) reported tht the supplementtion of essentil oils improved pprent totl trct nd ilel digestibility of nutrients. Similrly, Rmkrishn et l. (2003) observed tht the effectiveness of pncretic lipse nd mylse incresed with the dietry supplementtion of essentil oils, nd Hernndez et l. (2004) showed high production of digestive enzymes nd better feed utiliztion due to enhnced liver functions in broilers fed essentil oils. Serum trits In present study, corinder oil nd ntibiotic dietry supplementtion did not influence blood biochemicl prmeters of broilers. Njfi & Torki (2010) indicted tht dietry supplementtion with essentil oils (thyme, cinnmon nd clove) did not ffect cholesterol or HDL level in broilers. Hong et l. (2012) showed tht broilers supplemented with essentil oil (oregno, nise nd citrus peel) hd higher HDL nd lower VLDL levels compred with the controls, while no effect ws observed on LDL concentrtions. The decrese in cholesterol levels my be due to n inhibition of the heptic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductse ctivity, which is key regultory enzyme in cholesterol synthesis (Lee et l., 2004). Cse et l. (1995) reported reduced blood triglyceride levels in Leghorn chickens supplemented with 150 ppm ether thymol extrct, probbly due to the ctive ingredients in these supplements tht my reduce the ctivity of lipolysis enzymes, thereby reducing reduce heptic ftty cid synthesis. Hong et l. (2012) showed tht there were no cler trends for the response of blood lipoproteins to essentil oil tretments. It ws reported tht corinder enhnces fecl bile cid nd nturl sterols, which resulted in lowering serum cholesterol. Gut microbiot It is cler tht modulting gut microbiot cn positively influence the performnce of birds. In the present study, Lctobcillus counts were no effected

7 (p> 0.05) by the tretments, but Escherichi coli counts were significntly reduced in the birds fed the diets with corinder essentil oil nd ntibiotic compred with those receiving the control diet. It ws previously shown tht linlool inhibited pthogenic microorgnisms in the digestive system (Çbuk et l., 2003). The resons for such improvement re most likely ssocited with the reduction of Escherichi coli lod in the gut (Lee et l., 2004). The improvement in broiler performnce observed in the present study when corinder essentil oil ws dded to the diet my not only be result of the improvement in the microbil community structure, but could lso be relted to the microbil metbolites tht ffect the nutritionl sttus of nimls s well s GIT function nd helth. Delquis et l. (2002) reported tht essentil oils derived from corinder seeds negtively ffected grm-negtive bcteri nd Scchromycescerevisie. Similrly, Çbuk et l. (2003) reported tht linlool negtively ffected Escherichi coli, Pseudomonseruginos, Slmonell typhimurium, Stphylococcus ureus, Clostridium botulinum nd Clostridium perfringens intestinl popultions. Silv et l. (2011) evluted the ntibcteril ction of corinder essentil oil ginst grm-positive nd grm-negtive bcteri using flow cytometry nd suggested tht the primry mechnism of ction of corinder essentil oil is membrne dmge. In ccordnce with our study, Cross et l. (2007) nd Kirkpinr et l. (2011) showed tht supplementtion of some essentil oils (thyme, oregno, mrjorm, rosemry, or yrrow) hd no effect on lctic cid bcteri of broiler. In their study, Delquis et l. (2002) rgued tht the higher lctic cid bcteri to coliform rtio found when corinder oil ws fed my hve been due to stomch ph reduction, s they observed tht the gstric ph for the tretments corinder oil ws substntilly lower thn the control diet. Lower gstric ph would enhnce the brrier function of the stomch towrds cid susceptible bcteri like coliforms nd fvor the growth of cid tolernt bcteri like lctic cid bcteri, phenomenon tht is observed more cudlly in the smll intestine. Corinder oil increses the ctivity of digestive enzymes, nd therefore, enhnces nutrient digestibility nd improves the regultion nd stbiliztion of the gut microbiot. Tucker (2002) rgues tht the inctivtion of C. perfringens toxins by digestive enzymes, such s trypsin, could lso explin why the coloniztion of these bcteri ws reduced in the GIT of broilers fed essentil oils. Ouwehnd et l. (2010) found tht beneficil microbes, such s lctobcilli nd Bifidobcteri, were less sensitive to the ntimicrobil effect of essentil oils thn potentilly pthogenic bcteri, such s E. coli, C. perfringens nd 425 Slmonell. Also, Ghznfri et l. (2014) found tht inclusion of myrtle essentil oil in broiler diets reduced Escherichi coli counts nd incresed Lctobcillus counts in the cecum (p<0.001). Gut morphology Mucos sttus nd their microscopic structure my be good indictors of the response of the intestinl trct to ctive substnces present in feeds nd in the intestinl content (Viveros et l., 2011). Short villi nd deep crypts my led to poor nutrient bsorption, incresed toxin secretion in the gstrointestinl trct, nd worse performnce (Xu et l., 2003). In contrst, increses in villus height nd villus height: crypt depth rtio re directly correlted with incresed epithelil cell turnover (Fn et l., 1997), nd longer villi re ssocited with ctivted cell mitosis (Smny & Ymuchi, 2002). It is ssumed tht incresed villus height is prlleled by enhnced digestive nd bsorptive functions of the intestine due to lrger bsorptive surfce re nd higher expression of brush border enzymes nd nutrient trnsport systems (Pluske et l., 1996). In the present study, the supplementtion of broilers with corinder oil incresed villus height, crypt depth, nd decresed the number of goblet cells nd epithelil thickness in the smll intestine (p<0.01). The histomorphologicl chnges in the intestine of broilers reported in the present study provide new informtion regrding the potentil use of corinder oil in broiler feeds. The concentrtions of mylse in broiler intestine incresed fter the dietry supplementtion with corinder oil (Çbuk et l., 2003). Also, Çbuk et l. (2003) found tht longer villi were induced by dietry mylse. The results of this study showed tht the number of goblet cells nd epithelil thickness of birds receiving ntibiotic nd corinder oil supplementtion were lower compred with the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, the dietry ddition of corinder oil improved feed intke, growth rte nd feed conversion rtio of broilers. The dietry supplementtion of corinder oil nd ntibiotic did not significntly ffected blood biochemicl prmeters of broilers, nd lso resulted in the positive modultion of microbil popultions mesured in the cecum, s shown by reduced Escherichi coli counts. Furthermore, the dietry supplementtion of both corinder oil nd ntibiotic resulted in n increse villus height nd crypt depth nd decresed epithelil thickness nd number of goblet cells in the intestinl mucos of

8 broilers. These results of the present study suggest tht corinder oil my be suitble lterntive to ntibiotics for improving broiler performnce. Acknowledgement The uthors would like to cknowledge the finncil support of University of Tehrn, Aburihn cmpus for this reserch under grnt number 27341/07. References Burdock GA, Crbin IG. Sfety ssessment of corinder (Corindrum stivum L.) essentil oil s food ingredient. Food nd Chemicl Toxicology 2009;47: Çbuk M, Alcicek A, Bozkurt M, İmre N. Antimicrobil properties of the essentil oils isolted from romtic plnts nd using possibility s lterntive feed dditives. Proceedings of the 2nd Ntionl Animl Nutrition Congress; 2003 Sep 8-20; Kony. Turqui. p Cse GL, He L, Mo H, Elson CE. Induction of gernyl pyrophosphte pyrophosphtse ctivity by cholesterol-suppressive isoprenoids. Journl of Lipid Reserch 1995;30: Cross DE, Mcdevith RM, Hillmn K, Acmovic T. 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