Antimicrobial Effect of Several Oil Extracts on Escherichia coli

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1 Amerin-Eursin J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 16 (6): , 2016 ISSN IDOSI Pulitio, 2016 DOI: /idosi.ejes Antimiroil Effet of Severl Oil Extrts on Esherihi oli Nizr Iss Alrdi Deprtment of Food Siene nd Nutrition, Fulty of Agriulture, Jersh University, Jordn Astrt: This study investigted e ntimiroil effet of different oil extrts on Esherihi oli terium isolted from rw milk. The isolted stri of E. oli were tested for eir resistne to ten oils extrt using disk diffusion meod. The oils used were extrted from Cinnmon, Blk pepper, Blk seed, Grli, Onion, Hiisus, Sge, Aniseeds, Thyme nd Mint. The oil extrts were dissolved in dimeoxy sulfoxide (DMSO) in onentrtio of 20, 40, 60 nd 80%. The results showed t Cinnmon, Blk pepper, Blk seed, Grli, Onion, Hiisus, Sge nd Thyme oil extrts hve inhited e grow of Esherihi oli t ll onentrtio used. However, Aniseeds nd Mint oil extrts were found to e ineffetive git e isolted teri regrdless of e onentrtion used. Key words: Oil extrts Esherihi oli Cinnmon Blk pepper Blk seed Grli Onion Hiisus Sge Aniseeds Thyme Mint INTRODUCTION oer mmmls; it hs lso een widely exploited s loning host in reominnt DNA tehnology. But E. oli Food shelf life is vitl topi to oumers, is more n just lortory workhorse or hrmless produers, regultors nd reserhers s well. There hve intestinl inhitnt; it n lso e highly verstile een inresing oumer oner out food free or nd frequently dedly, pogen. Severl different E. oli wi lower levels of hemil preservtives euse of stri use diverse intestinl nd extr intestinl eir possile poisonous effet on hum [1]. Reently, diseses y me of virulene ftors t ffet wide ere hs een inresing interest in disovering new rnge of ellulr proesses [9]. nturl ntimiroils. Plnt produts wi ntimiroil Vrious studies hve een pulished on e properties hve otined emphsis for possile ntimiroil tivities of plnt extrts git pplition in food prodution in order to prevent different types of miroes, inluding foodorne teril nd fungl grow [2]. There hs een inresing poge [5, 10-11]. It hs een reported t spies owe interest to reple syneti preservtives wi nturl, eir ntimiroil properties mostly to e presene of effetive nd nontoxi ompounds. Those re, in e first lkloids, phenols, glyosides, steroids, essentil oils, ple, extrts nd essentil oils (EOs) of spies nd hers oumri nd tnni [12]. Adel-Rouf et l. [13] [3]. As nturl foodstuffs, spies nd hers ppel to ll exmined food poisoning teri in different food who question sfety of syneti food dditives nd smples nd studied ntiteril tivity of enoli demnd high-qulity produts t t e sme time re extrts of some mediinl plnt. Their results showed sfe nd stle [4]. Spies nd hers hve een dded to t seven spies (Cloves, Cinnmon, Blk umin seeds, food sine nient times, not only s flvoring gents, ut Cumin, Blk nd White pepper nd Ginger) hve n lso s folk mediine nd food preservtives [5-7]. inhiitory effet git Slmonell, S. ureus nd Esherihi oli (E. oli) is one of e most ommon B. ereus whih re importnt poge in food teri using food orne diseses worldwide [8]. It is poisoning. Moreover, Cloves, Blk umin seeds extrts grm-negtive rod (illus) terium in e fmily were found to e e most effetive plnts git lmost Enteroteriee. Most of E. oli is norml ommels tested miroorgnisms. Fennel, Grli, Crdmom nd Red found in e intestinl trt. E. oli is n importnt hili pepper were found to e ineffetive git e memer of e norml intestinl miroflor of hum nd isolted teri. Rsool [14] tested e ntimiroil Corresponding Auor: Dr. Nizr Iss Alrdi, Deprtment of Food Siene nd Nutrition, Fulty of Agriulture, Jersh University, Jordn. 1159

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 16 (6): , 2016 effets of rosemry (Rosemrinus offiinlis), love Prosour(VP), indole nd itrte utiliztion tests. E. oli is (Sygium romtius), umin (Cuminum yminum) nd positive indole, positive M.R, negtive V.P nd negtive ginger (Zingier offiinle) lone nd wi tetryline itrte ording to Cruikshnk et l. [19]. ntiioti git E.oli grow. The results emphsized t ntiteril properties of rosemry, love nd ginger Preprtion of Oil Extrts: Fresh oil extrts were essentil oils in omintion wi tetryline git ought from Durr Food Produts Compny t e sme E. oli were muh higher n t of tetryline; suh dy of prodution. The oil extrts were dissolved in omintio n e reommended for erpeuti dimeoxy sulfoxide (DMSO) in onentrtio of 80, 60, purpose nd e used s lterntive mediine. Amrit et l. 40 nd 20%. The solvent ws lso used s negtive [15] found t mny hers nd spies were le to inhiit ontrol. The tivity towrds test orgnisms ws E. oli grow, ut Thyme (her) nd Turmeri (spie) evluted using e diffusion plte meod [26-27]. were found to e most effetive git it. Rho nd Benli [16] investigted e in vitro ntimiroil tivities Antimiroil Suseptiility Test: The isolted stri of of essentil oil of e leves of Eulyptus gloulus E. oli were tested for eir resistne to some oil extrts git E. oli nd S. ureus. The results showed t e using disk diffusion meod [28]; in is test, 1 ml of n ddition of e essentil oil leves in ro ulture overnight ulture of E. oli were dded to 20 ml of violet inoulted wi E. oli nd S. ureus inhited e grow red ile gr medium nd left to solidify in Petri dish. of ese orgnisms. The rte of inhiition ws greter on Therefter, four wells were mde in eh Petri dish nd grm negtive teri E.oli n t oserved on grm filled wi 15 µl. of different onentrtio of ertin oil positive terium S. ureus. El-Kholie et l. [17] studied extrt. We got ten Petri dishes eh for ertin oil e effet of spies (innmon, loves nd ginger), extrt in ddition to e DMSO Petri dish. The pltes different onentrtio (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 nd g/l) in were inuted t 37 C for 24 h nd e ntimiroil powder nd in oil forms (individully nd s mixture) on tivity ws evluted y oserving ler zone of some pogeni miroorgnisms (E. oli, S. ureus, grow inhiition. The oils used were Cinnmon, Blk B. ereus, Slmonel sp., Aspergillus niger nd Cndid pepper, Blk seed, Grli, Onion, Hiisus, Sge, li) in liquid medi. The results showed t e Aniseeds, Thyme nd Mint. Duplite of eh oil extrt highest inhiition perentge ws reorded wi spies for e isolted stri were prepred nd e verge mixture powder when ompred to e oer tested reding of eh oil extrt under eh onentrtion ws individul spie powder. The otined results indited lulted. The inhiition zones for eh oil extrt were t e spies mixture oils hd higher inhiition effet determined in ordning to Shryok nd NCCLS [29]. n t of spies mixture powder. This study ANOVA ws used to determine e sttistil signifine investigted e ntimiroil effet of ten oil extrts on of e inhiition zone. It ws estimted rough SPSS E. oli. sttistil pkge. Mterils nd Meods RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bteril Isoltion nd Purifition: A loopful from rw Tle 1 shows e inhiitory effet of ten oil extrts milk ws inoulted on violet red ile ro medi nd t different onentrtio on E. oli. The results inuted t 37 C for 24 hours. Then, loopful of e indited e ntimiroil effet of Cinnmon, Blk ulture ws streked onto violet red ile gr medi en pepper, Blk seed, Grli, Onion, Hiisus, Sge nd inuted t 37 C for 24 hours nd exmined for olony Thyme oil extrts. The inhiition zone ws deresed hrter ording to Hrvey nd Prie [18]. The pink signifintly (t P 5) s e oils onentrtion olonies on e violet red ile gr indite e presene inresed in most oil extrts. The lrgest inhiitory effet of E.oli teri. After t ey were streking for five ws shown under onentrtion of 20%. The mint nd times in e sme medi for purifition e olony. niseeds oils did not show ny effet on e exmined Finlly, e teri were identified y mirosopil miroorgnism. Blk seed oil showed e highest exmintion ording to Cruikshnk et l. [19]. ntiteril effet on E. oli wi inhiition zone of (2 mm) t onentrtio of 20 nd 40%. Cinnmon, Biohemil Identifition: Identifition of e grm Blk pepper nd Hiisus oils showed inhiition zone of negtive isoltes ws done ording to [20-25]. The tests ( mm) t sme onentrtio. The inhiition zone of used in identifition inluded: Meyl Red (MR), Voqus Sge oil ws ( mm) t onentrtio of 20, 40 nd 60% 1160

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 16 (6): , 2016 Fig. 1: The effet of severl oil extrts on E. oli. Tle 1: Inhiition zones of oil extrts t four different onentrtio Conentrtio (%) No. Oil extrts Inhiition zone dimeter (mm) 1 Cinnmon oil Blk pepper oil 3 Blk seed oil Grli oil d Onion oil Hiisus oil 7 Sge oil 8 Aniseeds oil 9 Thyme oil 10 Mint oil Me re verges of two replites. Me wi different letters in e sme rows re signifintly different t P = 5. nd deresed to ( mm) t onentrtion of 80%. Grli oil showed inhiition zone of ( mm) t onentrtion of 20%, ( mm) t onentrtion of 40%, ( mm) t onentrtion of 60% nd (1.2 mm) t onentrtion of 80%. Thyme nd onion oils showed e lowest ntiteril effet on E. oli wi inhiition zones etween ( mm) nd (1.5 mm) t different onentrtio. Aniseeds nd mint oils showed no ny inhiition zones inditing t ese two oils nnot e used s ntimiroil gents git E. oli. Fig. 1 illustrtes e inhiition zones for e oil extrts whih showed positive results. Amrit et l. [15] exmined e ntiteril effet of eight her extrts different from ose whih we tested nd found t Thyme (her) nd Turmeri (spie) were e most effetive git E. oli. Rho nd Benli [16] showed t e essentil oil of e leves of Eulyptus gloulus hs n ntimiroil effet git E. oli. Rsool [14] found t e ntimiroil effet of rosemry, love nd ginger essentil oils in omintion wi tetryline git E.oli were muh higher n t of tetryline lone. Zhng et l. [30] studied e ntiteril properties of 14 essentil oil extrts (love, oregno, rosemry, pepper, nutmeg, liquorie, turmeri, niseed, ssi rk, fennel, prikly sh, round rdmom, dhurin ngeli root nd ngeli) git four ommon met spoilge nd pogeni teri (Listeri monoytogenes, E.oli, Pseudomo fluorese nd Ltoillus ske) nd eir results 1161

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 16 (6): , 2016 showed t individul extrts of love, rosemry, ssi 6. Nktni, N., Antioxidtive nd Antimiroil rk nd liquorie ontined strong ntiteril tivity, Cotituents of Hers nd Spies, in Spies, Hers ut e mixture of rosemry nd liquorie extrts ws e nd Edile Fungi. Ed. G. Chrlmous, Elsevier est inhiitor git ll four types of miroes. Overll, Siene, New York, pp: spies nd her extrts re widely used in e food 7. Cutler, H.G., Nturl produt flvor ompounds industry nd re generlly regrded s sfe (GRAS). s potentil ntimiroils, ietiides nd Hene, ey my e oidered s nturl preservtives mediinls. Agro-Food Ind. Hi-Teh, 6: eptle y e food industry. 8. Vn, T.T.H., G. Moutfis, L.T. Trn nd P.J. Coloe, CONCLUSION Antiioti resistne in foodorne teri ontminnts in Vietnm. Appl. Environ. Miroiol., 73: Food sfety is one of e most importnt topis for 9. Kper, J.B., J.P. Ntro nd H.L. Moley, puli hel. Numerous reserhers hve investigted Pogeni Esherihi oli. Nt. Rev. Miroiol., nturl preservtives used to prevent food ontmintion. 2: Essentil oil extrts re ones of e most reently studied 10. Smi-Plmer, A., J. Stewrt nd L. Fyfe, nturl ntimiroil gents. In is study, we Antimiroil properties of plnt essentil oils nd investigted e ntiteril effet of ten oil extrts essenes git five importnt food-orne git one of e most dngerous miroorgnism on poge. Lett. Appl. Miroiol., 26: humn eing, whih is E. oli. Our results showed t 11. Hr-Kudo, Y., A. Koyshi, Y. Sugit-Konishi nd Cinnmon, Blk pepper, Blk seed, Grli, Onion, K. Kondo, Antiteril tivity of plnts used Hiisus, Sge nd Thyme oil extrts hve inhited e in ooking for rom nd tste. J. Food Protet., grow of E. oli t ll onentrtio used. Nevereless, 67: e results indited t Aniseeds nd Mint oil extrts 12. En, R.U.B., B.E. Mdungu, E.D. Ekpe nd should not e used s inhiitors git e isolted I.N. Otung Miroiologil exploittion of teri. rdi glyosides nd lkloids from Grini kol, Borreri oymoides, Kol nitid nd Citrus REFERENCES urntiofoli. J. App. Bteriol., 71: Adel-Rouf, M., M. Nil nd M. ElSyed, Bedin, C., S.B. Gutkoski nd J.M. Wiest, Antimiroil Ativities of Some Hers Extrts on Atividde ntimiroin ds espeiris. Higiene Food Borne Bteri. Journl of Amerin Siene, Alimentr, 13: (11): Lniotti, R., A. Ginotti, N. Ptrignni, N. Belleti, 14. Rsool, M.H., Antimiroil tivity of plnt M.E. Guerzoni nd F. Grdini, Use of nturl essentil oils git e grow of Esherihi oli. rom ompounds to improve shelf-life of minimlly IOSR Journl of Phrmy, 3(6): proessed fruits. Trends in Food Siene & 15. Amrit, V., D. Sonl nd R. Shlini, Tehnology, 15: Antiteril Effet of Hers nd Spies Extrt 3. Smid, E.J. nd L.G.M. Gorris, Nturl on Esherihi oli. Eletroni Journl of Biology, Antimiroils for Food Preservtion, in Hndook 5(2): of Food Preservtion. Ed. M.S. Rhmn, Mrel 16. Rho, B. nd M. Benli, Antiteril Ativity Dekker, New York, pp: of e Essentil Oils from e Leves of Eulyptus 4. Brul, S. nd P. Coote, Preservtive gents in gloulus git Esherihi oli nd foods: Mode of tion nd miroil resistne Stphyloous ureus. Asin Pifi Journl of mehnisms. Int. J. Food Miroiol., 50: Tropil Biomediine, 2(9): Beuht, L.R., Antimiroil Properties of 17. El-Kholie, E.M., M.A.T. Adelreheem nd S.A. Spies nd eir Essentil Oils, in Nturl Khder, Inhiitory effet of some spies Antimiroil Systems nd Food Preservtion. Y. M. powder nd its oils on pogeni miroorgnisms in Dillon nd R. G. Bord (eds.), CAB Interntionl, liquid medi. Afrin Journl of Miroiology Oxon, pp: Reserh, 6(16):

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