The Effect of an Essential Oil Mix Derived from Oregano, Clove and Anise on Broiler Performance

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 4 (11): , 2005 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2005 The Effet of n Essentil Oil Mix Derived from Oregno, Clove nd Anise on Broiler Performne Osmn Niht Erts, Tlt Güler, Mehmet Çiftçi, Bestmi DlkIlIç nd Ü. Gülihn Simsek 1 2 Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, Deprtment of Zootehni, Fulty of Veterinry Mediine, University of Firt, Elzig, Turkey Astrt: This study ws onduted to explore the usge of essentil oil mix (EOM) in roiler nutrition s nturl growth promoting sustne insted of ntiiotis. Different levels of EOM were dded to stndrd diet, to determine its effet on feed intke, dily live weight gin nd feed onversion rtio ompred to ontrol nd ntiioti groups. Two hundred nd fifty five dy-old roilers (Ross-308, n = 250) were divided into five equl groups were s follow: Control group (no EOM or ntiioti), 100 ppm EOM group, 200 ppm EOM group, 400 ppm EOM group with nd n Antiioti group (0.1% Avilmyin). The diets were prepred freshly eh dy. Experiment rried out 35 dys. The feed intke ws similr etween the groups (p>0.05), ut the highest dily live weight gin ws oserved in the 200 ppm EOM group (71.31 g) followed y Antiioti group (65.84 g), 100 ppm EOM oil group (63.40 g), ontrol group (61.30 g) nd 400 ppm EOM group (61.17 g). Thus, dily live weight gin inresed in 200 ppm EOM group y pproximtely 16 % over the ontrol group nd pproximtely 8 % over the ntiioti group. Feed onversion rtio ws improved in 200 ppm EOM group y pproximtely 12 % over the ontrol group nd pproximtely 6 % over the ntiioti group. The results show tht, EOM ould e onsidered s potentil nturl growth promoter for poultry. Key words: Essentil oil mix, ntiioti, performne, roiler Introdution Plnts hve plyed signifint role in mintining humn helth nd improving the qulity of humn life for thousnds of yers, nd hve served humns well s vlule omponents of sesonings, everges, osmetis, dyes, nd mediines. The World Helth Orgniztion estimted tht.80% of the erth's inhitnts rely on trditionl mediine for their primry helth re needs, nd most of this therpy involves the use of plnt extrts or their tive omponents. Those plnts nd their omponents re pereived s nturl nd sfe y onsumers. Suh ompounds re lredy estlished s flvorings in humn nd niml feeds; however, we now understnd tht ertin mterils lso hve dded tehnil enefits tht my e exploited to mintin niml performne. Furthermore, mny Western drugs hd their origin in plnt extrt (Crig, 1999). After the use of most ntiioti growth promoters s feed dditives hs een nned y the Europen Union due to ross-resistne ginst pthogens nd residues in tissues, sientists hve serhed for lterntives to ntiiotis. In this view, romti plnts nd essentil oils extrted from these plnts re eoming more importnt due to their ntimiroil effets nd the stimulting effet on niml digestive systems. Aromti plnts hve een used trditionlly in the therpy of some diseses for long time in the world. Essentil oils in romti plnts re used extensively in mediine nd in the food nd osmeti industries. In ddition to their ntimiroil tivity (Singh et l., 2002; Elgyyr et l., 2001; Vlero nd Slmeron, 2003), they posses iologil tivities suh s tht of ntioxidnts (Lopez- Bote et l., 1998; Chithr nd Leelmm, 1999; Botsoglou et l., 2002; Miur et l., 2002) nd s hypoholesterolemis (Crig, 1999), nd stimulte effet on niml digestive systems (Jmroz nd Kmel, 2002; Rmkrishn et l., 2003), to inrese prodution of digestive enzymes nd improve utiliztion of digestive produts through enhned liver funtions (Lnghout, 2000; Willims nd Los, 2001; Hernndez et l., 2004). As n romti plnt, oregno (Orignum vulgre L.) hs een used in mediine for long time. Tody, the plnt is still sometimes used in folk mediine. As mediinl plnt, oregno hs een used s ntimiroil (Dormn nd Dens, 2000; Elgyyr et l., 2001; Mrino et l., 1999; Vlero nd Slmeron, 2003; Burt nd Reinders, 2003), ntioidil (Ginnens et l., 2003), ntifungl (Pin-Vz et l., 2004; Solimn nd Bde, 2002), ntispzmolyti (Meister et l., 1999) nd ntioxidnt (Lee nd Shimoto, 2002; Miur et l., 2002; Youdim nd Dens, 1999; Zheng nd Wng, 2001). In ddition, it hs stimulting effet of digestion nd ntisepti (Çuk et l., 2003). Similrly, Clove Corresponding Author: Dr. Osmn Niht Erts, Firt University, Fulty of Veterinry Mediine, Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, TR Elzig, Turkey 879

2 Erts et l.: Use of Essentil Oil Mix on Broiler Tle 1: Composition of stndrd diets, % Feeds Ingredients 0 to 7 7 to to to 28 >28 Corn Whet Soyen mel (44 CP) Full ft Soyen Vegetle oil Fish mel Dilium Phosphte Ground Limestone NHCO Slt DL-Methionine L-Lysine Choline Vitmin Premix * Minerl Premix** Totl Anlysis Dry mtter Crude protein Crude fier Ash Ether Extrt C P Methionine Lysine ME, Ml/kg *Vitmin Premix (Rovimix 124/V) supplied per 1 kg: vitmin A, IU; holeliferol, IU; vitmin E, IU; mendione, 1.25 mg; vitmin B 1, 0.5 mg; vitmin B 2, 5 mg; niin, 35 mg; d-pntotheni id, 10 mg; vitmin B 12, 0.1 mg; foli id, 1 mg; iotin, 50 mg. **Minerl Premix (Reminerl CH ) supplied per 1 kg: Mn, 40 mg; Fe, 12.5 mg; Zn, 25 mg; Cu, 3.5 mg; iodine, 0.15 mg; Se, 0.75 mg; holinhloride, 175 mg. (Syzygium rimtium L.) hs een used s n ntisepti (Roenorst, 1996; Çuk et l., 2003) ntimiroil (Dormn nd Dens, 2000; Outtr et l., 1997; Teissedre nd Wterhouse, 2000; Vlero nd Slmeron, 2003), nlgesi nd lol nestheti (Feng nd Lipton, 1987). In ddition, it hs ppetizing nd stimulting effet of digestion (Çuk et l., 2003), ntifungl (Velluti et l., 2003), ntipyreti (Feng nd Lipton, 1987), ntiprsiti (Kim et l., 2004) nd ntioxidnt (Gülçin et l., 2004; Lee nd Shimoto, 2002). As mediinl plnt, nise hs een used s stimulting effet of digestion nd ntiprsiti (Çuk et l., 2003) ntiteril (Singh et l., 2002; Tn et l., 2003), ntifungl (Solimn nd Bde, 2002) nd ntipyreti (Afifi et l., 1994). Very few, performne in niml studies hve een onduted on essentil oils. In this study, we imed the use of essentil oil mix derived from oregno, love nd nis in niml nutrition s nturl growth promoting sustne insted of ntiiotis. For this purpose, the different level of essentil oil mix were dded in stndrd diet, nd studied to determine of effet on performne ompred to ontrol nd ntiioti groups. Mterils nd Methods Two hundred nd fifty five dy-old roilers (Ross-308) were divided into five tretment groups of 50 irds eh nd rndomly ssigned to the five tretment diets. Experiment ws rried out 35 dys. Eh tretment group ws further su-divided into five replites of 10 irds per replite. The presene nd levels of EOM nd ntiioti in diets were the min ftors tested. In the ontrol group the irds were fed stndrd diet ( % CP nd MCl ME/kg) (Control group). Three different levels of EOM (Özdrog Co., Hty, TURKEY) or n ntiioti (Avilmyin, Krtl Kimy, TURKEY) were dded to the stndrd diets to generte the other four tretment groups. For the EOM tretments, 100 ppm (100 EOM group), 200 ppm (200 EOM group), nd 400 ppm (400 EOM group) EOM were dded to the stndrd diets. In the ntiioti tretment, the feed ontined 0.1 % (10 mg/kg) ntiioti. Vegetle oil ws used s ft soure. EOM ws dissolved in vegetle oil nd thn gently mixed with the stndrd diets. Antiioti ws 880

3 Erts et l.: Use of Essentil Oil Mix on Broiler Tle 2: The effet of diets vrying in mounts of essentil oil mix nd ntiioti on the dily feed intke of roilers (g/ird/dy) (n=5) EOM, ppm Weeks Control Antiioti P NS NS * NS NS NS. NS: Non signifint, *: P<0.05, : Men vlues with different supersripts within row differ signifintly. mixed refully with the stndrd diet. The diets were 100 EOM group (63.40 g), ontrol group (61.30 g) nd prepred freshly eh dy. The EOM ontined three 400 EOM group (61.17 g) (P<0.05). The live weight gins different essentil oils derived from oregno (Orignum of irds fed the diets ontining 100 nd 400 ppm EOM vulgre L.) (90% purity), love (Syzgium romtium) were lower thn those of the irds on the diet ontining (85-90% purity) nd nise (Pimpinell nisum L.) ( ppm EOM (p<0.05). The ddition of 200 ppm EOM to 90% purity). The diets were isolori nd the diets ws improved dily live weight gin y isonitrogenous. The ingredient nd hemil pproximtely 16 % ompred to the ontrol group. This omposition of the diets re presented in Tle 1. The improvement remined t 7.4 % level in ntiioti group diets nd wter were provided d liitum. nd t 3.4 % level in 100 ppm EOM group. Furthermore, Ten roilers were kept in 25 pens (1.5 x 1.5 m) ventilted ddition of 200 ppm EOM to the diets improved dily live roiler house ontining strw s litter mteril. A weight gin y pproximtely 8 % ompred to the photoperiod of 24 h/d in 4 week nd 14 h/d in 4-6 ws ntiioti group. mintined. The irds were housed together first 5 d. The effet of EOM nd ntiioti on feed onversion rtio The ody weights of the irds were mesured t 5, 12, is presented in Tle 4. From weeks 1 to 5, feed 19, 26, 33 nd 40th dys of the experiment. Feed intke onversion rtios differed signifintly etween the ws reorded iweekly. Feed onversions rtio ws groups (p<0.05). Addition of 200 ppm EOM to the diets lulted t the end of the 40 dy experimentl period. improved feed onversion rtio y pproximtely 12 % There ws no mortlity in ny group during the tril. ompred to the ontrol group. This improvement Chemil omposition of feed ingredients (dry mtter, remined t 6.8 % level in ntiioti group nd t 0.9 % rude protein, sh nd ether extrt) s dried smples level in 100 ppm EOM group. Compred to the ntiioti were nlyzed using AOAC (1990) proedures, nd group, ddition of 200 ppm EOM to the diets improved rude fier ws determined y the methods of Crmpton feed onversion rtio y pproximtely 3.7%. nd Mynrd (1983). As shown, dily live weight gin nd feed onversion Dt olleted were sujeted to nlysis of vrine, rtio were inresed sttistilly in 200 EOM group nd where signifint differenes were oserved, ompred to the ontrol nd ntiioti groups. These mens were further sujeted to Dunn s multiple differenes mong the groups my e due to tive rnge test y using SPSS for Windows: 10.1, SPSS in., ingredient suh s thymol nd rvrol in oregno oil, (1999). The results were onsidered s signifint when eugenol in love nd nothole in nise. Beuse, thymol p vlues were less thn 0.05 nd rvrol, eugenol nd nothole hve digestive stimulting effets (Çuk et l., 2003). Besides, thymol, Results nd Disussion The effet of EOM nd ntiioti on the feed intke is presented in Tle 2. From 1-5 weeks feed intke ws similr etween groups ut, liner improvement ws oserved in EOM groups to e prllel mount of EOM in diet. This improvement my e due to the ppetizing effet of tive ingredient (suh s rvrol, thymol, eugenol nd nethole) in EOM (Çuk et l., 2003). The effet of EOM nd ntiioti on dily live weight gin is presented in Tle 3. At the end of the 5 week, dily live weight gins differed (p<0.05) etween tretments. The highest live weight gin ws reorded in 200 EOM group (71.31 g), followed y ntiioti group (65.84 g), rvrol, eugenol nd nothole ffeted pthogen miroorgnism in the digestive system nd inresed live weight gin nd feed onversion. Essentil oils derived from oregno, love nd nise hve een reported to posses ntimiroil (Dormn nd Dens, 2000; Vlero nd Slmerom, 2003; Burt nd Reinders, 2003; Singh et l., 2002; Tn et l., 2003), ntioidil (Ginnens et l., 2003), ntifungl (Pin- Vz et l., 2004; Solimn nd Bde, 2002; Velluti et l., 2003) nd ntioxidnt effets (Lee nd Shimoto, 2002; Gülçin et l., 2004). Additionlly, love nd nise hve een used s n ntiprsiti (Kim et l., 2004; Çuk et l., 2003) nd ntipyreti gents (Feng nd Lipton, 881

4 Erts et l.: Use of Essentil Oil Mix on Broiler Tle 3: The effet of diets vrying in mounts of essentil oil mix nd ntiioti on the dily live weight gin of roilers (g/ird/dy) (n=50) EOM, ppm Weeks Control Antiioti P NS * * * d * *., NS: p>0.05, *: P<0.05, : Men vlues with different supersripts within row differ signifintly Tle 4: The effet of diets vrying in mounts of essentil oil mix nd ntiioti on the feed onversion rtio g feed/g gin, (n=5) EOM, ppm Weeks Control Antiioti P d * * * * * *.,,d *: P<0.05, : Men vlues with different supersripts within row differ signifintly. 1987; Afifi et l., 1994). The improved feed utiliztion in 2002, Alçiçek et l., 2003, Bssett, 2000, Ginnens et 200 ppm EOM group in our study ould e due to these l., 2003: Ather, 2000). positive effets of essentil oils on the digestive system. Unfortuntely, reports on the vlue of essentil oils in The reson of reduing in 100 ppm EOM group my e poultry re limited. This study showed tht the due to low essentil oil onentrtion in digestive supplementtion of 200 ppm essentil oil mix (inlude system nd high essentil oil onentrtion in 400 ppm oregno, love nd nise oils) in roiler diets EOM group ould e ffeted negtively digestive signifintly improves the dily live weight gin nd feed system. Besides, essentil oils positively ffeted onversion rtio during growing period of 5 week. digestiility of nutrient. For exmple, essentil oils Thus, essentil oil mix ould e onsidered s inrese digestion of protein, ellulose nd ft (Jmroz potentil growth promoter for poultry due to digestive nd Kmel, 2002), improve pprent whole-trt nd stimulting effet, nd ntimiroil effet, nd positive ilel digestiility of the nutrients (Hernndez et l., 2004) effet on performne. nd inrese the effets of pnreti lipse nd mylse (Rmkrishn et l., 2003). The improved dily live weight gins nd feed onversion rtios of irds fed the diets ontining 200 ppm EOM in this study greed with results reported in litertures. Alçiçek et l. (2003) reported tht ddition of essentil oil omintion (derived from oregno, lurel, sge, myrtle, fennel nd itrus) t 48 mg/kg level improved ody weight nd feed Referenes Afifi, N.A., A. Rmdn, E.A. El-Kshoury nd H.A. El- Bnn, Some phrmologil tivities of essentil oils of ertin umelliferous fruits. Vet. Med. J. Giz, 42: Alçiçek, A., M. Bozkurt nd M. Çuk, The effet of essentil oil omintion derived from seleted onversion rtio ompred to ontrol nd ntiioti groups in roiler. Similrly, Ather (2000) reported tht roiler performne ws improved when using poly herl premix whih ontined five hers. These results re in greement with results of studies in whih different essentil oils were dded to poultry diets. In these studies essentil oils derived from different romti plnts hve een reported to improve feed intke, feed onversion rtio nd rss yield (Hertrmpt, 2001; Willims nd Los, 2001; Tuker, hers growing wild in Turkey on roiler performne. S. Afr. J. Anim. Si., 33: A.O.A.C., Offiil Methods of Anlysis Assoition of Agriulturl Chemists Virgini, D.C., U.S.A, Ather, M.A.M., Polyherl dditive proves effetive ginst vertil trnsmission of IBD. World Poultry- Elsevier, 16: Bssett, R., Oregnos positive impt on poultry prodution. World Poultry-Elsevier, 16:

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