Effect of Prebiotic (Fermacto) in Low Protein Diet on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 6 (9): , 2007 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 2007 Effet of Preioti (Fermto) in Low Protein Diet on Performne nd Crss Chrteristis of Broiler Chiks M. Ghiysi, M. Rezei* nd H. Syyhzdeh Deprtment of Animl Siene, College of Animl Siene nd Fisheries, Mzndrn University, P.O. Box 578, Sri, Irn Astrt: This study ws onduted to evlute the effets of preioti (Fermto) in low protein diet on performne nd rss hrteristis of roiler. One hundred nd fifty six 1-dy old Ross 308 roiler of oth sexes were used for 42-dys. The were rndomly lloted to 12 pens ontining 13 eh with 3 replites nd ssigned to reeive one of the 4 dietry tretments of 2 levels of protein (low nd high) nd 2 levels of preioti (0 nd 0.2%) in ompletely rndomized design with ftoril rrngement. There ws not signifint differene in feed onverstion rtio, Feed intke nd tights weight mong tretments. Signifint differenes were oserved in rss weight nd dominl ft perentge etween high protein diet without preioti nd low protein diet ontining preioti (p<0.05). The results of the present experiment showed tht ddition of preioti to roiler diets ontining 90% of NRC protein reommendtion hd sme effet with ontrol diet on performne of roiler. Key words: Preioti, low protein diet, performne, roiler Introdution Strting in 2006 the prophylti use of ntiiotis or so lled Antimiroil Growth Promoters (AGP'S) in niml feeds will e nned in the EU. These AGP'S re use to improve the feed effiieny y ltering the miroflor in the Gstro Intestinl Trt (GIT). The min reson for this n is the inresing resistne of pthogeni teri ginst ntiiotis. Use of preiotis or fermentle sugrs insted of ntiiotis is going to e populr in irds in order to improve the useful miroil popultion of GIT (Kermnshhi nd Rostmi, 2006). Preiotis hve een defined y Gison nd Roerfroid (1995) s indigestile food ingredients whih stimulte the growth nd/or tivity of selet numer of teri in the GIT nd improve the host s helth. Preiotis hve een shown to lter gstrointestinl miroflor, lter the immune system, prevent oloni ner, redue pthogen invsion inluding pthogens suh s Slmonell Entritidis nd E.oli nd redue holesterol nd odor ompounds (Cummings nd Mfrlne, 2002; Cummings et l., 2001; Simmering nd Blut, 2001). The popultion of useful teri likes ltoillus nd ifidoteri (Ziggers, 2000) inreses nd the ph of the GIT, due to inresing prodution of voltile ftty ids, dereses. Therefore the environment of GIT eomes unsuitle for the tivity nd prolifertion of pthogens like Slmonell. Bsed on Nurmi onept of ompetitive exlusion (Nurmi nd Rntl, 1973), pthogens will e expelled out of the gut y useful teri if it lredy oupied the gut sites. Coloniztion of useful miro flor in the gut of young irds tht is relted to gut onditions n inhiit further oloniztion of pthogens (Nurmi nd Rntl, 1973). High protein pries nd environmentl onerns hve pressured the industry to redue dietry protein levels (Firmn, 1997). Thus, low protein diets re of interest nd importnt for feed dditive evlution nd niml performne. The ommerilly ville fermenttion produt of Aspergillus orize, Fermto (PET-AG, 2006), referred to s Aspergillus mel (AM), hs no live ells or spores (PET-AG, 2006) nd is proven to enhne the digestive effiieny of the gut (Hrms nd Miles, 1988). Aspergillus mel might offer etter results when the level of protein nd mino ids is lower thn those reommended y NRC (1994) or pplied in ommeril floks. Lower levels of protein nd mino ids s ompred with those reommended y NRC (1994) or pplied in ommeril floks re lso potentil environmentl enefit (Torres-Rodriguez et l., 2005). Beuse of reports on the use of AM nd low dietry protein nd mino ids on performne re lking, Therefore, the ojetive of the present study ws to evlute the effet of preioti (Fermto) in low protein diet on performne nd rss hrteristis of roiler. Mterils nd Methods Birds nd experimentl diets: 156 dy-old mixed Ross roiler were rndomly lloted to 12 groups of 13 irds eh nd rered for 42 dys. There were four tretments (tretment 1: high protein diet without preioti, tretment 2: high protein diet ontining 661

2 Ghiysi et l.: Effet of Preioti in Low Protein Diet Tle 1: Composition of experimentl diets in different periods of the experiment Strter Grower Finisher Ingredient (%) Low Protein HighProtein Low Protein HighProtein Low Protein HighProtein Corn Soyen mel DCP Clium ro Premix Slt Sunflower oil DL-Methionine L-Lysine Composition Met. Energy (Kl/Kg) Crude Protein (%) Clium (%) Avil. Phos. (%) Arginine (%) Lysine (%) Met+Cys (%) Sodium (%) Tle 2: Effet of protein levels on feed intke of roiler Feed intke (g) Tretment High protein Low protein SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 3: Effet of preioti levels on feed intke of roiler Feed intke (g) Tretment Diet without preioti Diet ontin 0.2% preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 4: Effet of protein nd preioti levels on feed intke of roiler Feed intke (g) Tretment High protein without preioti High protein with preioti Low protein without preioti Low protein with preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) preioti, tretment 3: low protein diet without preioti, tretment 4: low protein diet ontining preioti) in this experiment. Preioti (Fermto) ws supplemented t the rte of 0 nd 2.0 kg/ton of diets. Feed nd wter were provided d liitum during the experiment. Diets were provided in 3 periods of strter (1-10 dys), grower (10-28 dys) nd finisher (28-42 dys) of ge. Composition of experimentl diets is presented in Tle 1. Dt nd smple olletion: Body weight gin, feed intke nd feed onversion rtio were reorded weekly. Mortlity ws reorded throughout of the experiment. At 42 dys of ge two irds from eh replite with ody weight similr to men replite ody weight were seleted, slughtered nd the ft pd, rss, rest met nd tights weight were mesured. Dt nlysis: The dt from this experiment were sujeted to one-wy nlysis of vrine s ftoril rrngement 2 2 with 2 levels of protein nd 2 levels of preioti, thus there ws 4 tretments nd 3 replites for eh tretment. The otined dt were sumitted to nlysis of vrine, using the Generl Liner Model proedure (GLM) of SAS softwre (SAS Institute, 2002). Mens were ompred y the Dunn's multiple rnge tests t 5% proility (Dunn, 1955). Results nd Disussion Effets of different levels of protein nd preiotis on feed intke of roiler in different phses of the experiment re presented in Tle 2 nd 3. There ws signifint differenes mong tretments for feed intke in strter nd grower periods of the experiment for protein levels (p<0.05). fed with high protein diets onsumed more feed in strter nd grower phse of the experiment. Effet of preioti on feed intke of in ll phses of the experiment ws not signifint. Intertion of protein nd preioti re shown in Tle 4. Intertion of protein nd preioti on feed intke ws signifint in strter nd grower periods of the experiment (p<0.05). 662

3 Ghiysi et l.: Effet of Preioti in Low Protein Diet Tle 5: Effet of protein levels on ody weight gin of roiler Body weight gin (g) Tretment High protein Low protein SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 6: Effet of preioti levels on ody weight gin of roiler Body weight gin (g) Tretment Diet without preioti Diet ontin 0.2% preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 7: Effet of protein nd preioti levels on ody weight gin of roiler Body weight gin (g) Tretment High protein without preioti High protein with preioti Low protein without preioti Low protein with preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 8: Effet of protein levels on feed onversion rtio of roiler Feed onversion rtio Tretment High protein Low protein SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 9: Effet of preioti levels on feed onversion rtio of roiler Feed onversion rtio Tretment Diet without preioti Diet ontin 0.2% preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Effet of protein nd preioti levels on ody weight gin re presented in Tle 5 nd 6. Effet of protein levels on ody weight gin ws signifint in strter nd grower periods (p<0.05). Intertion of ove 2 ftors ws signifint in strter, grower nd whole phses of Tle 10: Effet of protein nd preioti levels on feed onversion rtio of roiler Feed onversion rtio Tretment High protein without preioti High protein with preioti Low protein without preioti Low protein with preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 11: Effet of protein levels on rss hrteristis of roiler Crss hrteristis Tretment Crss Brest Tights Adominl (%) (%) (%) ft (%) High protein Low protein SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) the experiment (P < 0.05). Results re shown in Tle 7. Commeril diets (with nd without ddition of AM) used hevier ody weights thn the 2 low protein diets, however, ddition of AM to low protein diet improved ody weight in strter, grower nd totl periods of the experiment. Differenes etween the ommeril nd low protein diets were expeted euse lower protein nd mino ids (lysine, methionine nd threonine) ontent ffet weight gin nd performne. The differene oserved etween the low protein nd low protein supplemented with preioti n e ttriuted to the effet of preioti, euse these 2 diets were formulted to supply the sme mount of protein nd mino ids. Effet of protein nd preioti level on feed onversion rtio re presented in Tle 8, 9, 10. Intertion of 2 ftors In grower periods, ws signifint for this trit (p<0.05). Tretment 4 (low protein with periodi) hd the lowest nd tretment 3 hd the highest vlue for this trit. Effets of experimentl diets on rss hrteristis re presented in Tle 11, 12 nd 13. Chiks fed with high protein diets hd more rest met perentge (p<0.05). There ws signifint differene mong groups for rss nd rest met perentge (p<0.05). Crss nd rest met perentge in low protein with preioti ws lower thn other groups. Brest met perentge in tretment 1 ws higher thn tretment 3. There were not signifint differenes mong tretments for tights nd dominl ft perentge. Preiotis hve een shown to lter gstrointestinl miroflor, lter the immune system, prevent oloni ner, redue pthogen invsion inluding pthogens suh s E.oli nd redue holesterol nd odor ompounds (Cummings nd Mfrlne, 2002; Cummings et l., 2001; Simmering nd Blut, 2001). 663

4 Ghiysi et l.: Effet of Preioti in Low Protein Diet Tle 12: Effet of preioti levels on rss hrteristis of roiler Crss hrteristis Tretment Crss (%) Brest (%) Tights (%) Adominl ft (%) Diet without preioti Diet ontin 0.2% preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Tle 13: Effet of protein nd preioti levels on rss hrteristis of roiler Crss hrteristis Tretment Crss (%) Brest (%) Tights (%) Adominl ft (%) High protein without preioti High protein with preioti Low protein without preioti Low protein with preioti SEM Mens with different supersripts in eh olumn differ signifintly (p<0.05) Preiotis re short-hin rohydrtes tht re indigestile y humn, niml nd poultry digestive systems. Preiotis stimulte the growth nd/or tivity of selet numer of teri in the GIT nd improve the host s helth. (Cummings nd Mfrlne, 2002; Cummings et l., 2001; Ptterson nd Burkholder, 2003). The mjor effets of preiotis hve een reviewed y Cummings nd Mfrlne (2002) nd inlude: prodution of short-hin ftty ids nd ltte, seletive inreses in ifidoteri nd ltoilli, inrese in pthogen resistne nd improved lium nd mgnesium sorption. The results oserved for ody weight gin re in ordne with other reports (Meinz, 1993; Tngendjj, 1993) tht supplementtion of Fermto in roiler diet resulted in weight gin thn those using diet without supplemented of Fermto. These findings re lso onsistent with reports of improved ody weight gin when roilers re fed diet supplemented with preiotis (Ammermn nd Twining, 1989; Yusrizl nd Chen, 2003). Severl studies hve shown tht ddition of preiotis to the diet of roiler, lyer nd pig leds to improved performne through improving gut miroflor (Pelino et l., 2004; Spring et l., 2000; Xu et l., 2003). Zhng (2000) reported tht 0.2 or 0.4% Isomltooligoshride (IMO) ( preioti) ould improve roiler performne in the strter period. Reent report suggested tht feeding of hiory et frutns-n oligoshride, redued the dominl ft of roiler hiken (Yusrizl nd Chen, 2003). In reent study, Klvthy et l. (2003) found tht supplementtion of Ltoillus ulture signifintly redued dominl ft. Similrly, Yusrizl nd hen (2003) reported tht supplementtion of et frutns from hiory hd signifintly produed low level of dominl ft. Our findings re ontrst with the results otined from mentioned studies. Others hve noted lk of hnge in the size of the ft pd fter similr period of feeding (Wldroup et l., 1993). Xi et l. (2001) reported tht dietry IMO improved survivility of. These results re sme with our results. It is prole tht IMO supplementtion ltered the gstrointestinl miroflor nd, therefore, ffeted the immune system (Li et l., 2000; Sho et l., 2000). The results of the present study indited tht ddition of preioti to roiler diets ontining 90% of NRC protein reommendtion (low protein diet) hd similr effet on performne like ontrol diet (high protein diet without preioti). Referenes Ammermn, E., C. Qurles nd P.V. Twining, Evlution of frutooligoshrides on performne nd rss yield of mle roiler. Poult. Si., 68 (Suppl.), 167. Cummings, J.H. nd G.T. Mfrlne, Gstrointestionl effets of preiotis. Br. J. Nutr., 87 (Suppl. 2): Cummings, J.H., G.T. Mfrlne nd H.N. Englyst, Preioti digestion nd fermenttion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73 (Suppl): 415S-420S. Dunn, D.B., Multiple rnges nd multiple F. test. Biometri, 11: Firmn, J.D., Erly stge turkey nutrition nd idel protein: Implitions for ll spets of poultry prodution. Pges in Nutritionl Biotehnology in the Feed nd Food Industries. Pro. Allteh s 20th Symp. T.P. Lyons nd K.A. Jques, Ed. Nottinhm University Press, UK. Gison, G.R. nd B. Roerfroid, Dietry modultion of the humn oloni miroiot: Introduing the onept of preiotis. J. Nutr., 125: Hrms, R.H. nd R.D. Miles, Reserh note: Influene of Fermto on the performne of lying hens when fed with different levels of methionine. Poult. Si., 67:

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