Effect of addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet of laying hens in physiological traits and qualities attributes of the product eggs

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1 IOSR Journl of Agriulture nd Veterinry Siene (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: , p-issn: Volume 7, Issue 12 Ver. III (De. 2014), PP Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits nd qulities ttriutes of the produt eggs Zhir A.AL-Zuhiri Mhsin A. AL-Fihri Afrh S. AL-Tri College of Veterinry Mediine / University of Qdisiyh Astrt: This study ws onduted in one of theommeril frmof poultryin the Diwniyhity for the period from 13/01/2014 until 13/03/2014 in order to study the effet of ddition of driedshromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits nd qulitiesof the produt qulity of the eggs y using 45 type egg-lying hensesa Brown, ged 40 weeks nd rndomly distriuted on the three tretments nd eh tretment onsisted of three replites nd (five hens in one replite).the tretments of the experiment s follows:t1 tretment represented the group of ontrol thtfed on the sl diet without ny dditives,t2 tretment represented the seond group of irds tht fedon the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie,t3 tretment fed onsl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The results of the experiment reveled tothe presene of signifint inrese (P <0.05)in the Red Blood Cells (RBC), white lood ells(wbc) nd the onentrtion of hemogloin vlues (H)nd perentge of Pked Cells Volume(PCV), nd there is signifint inrese in the perent etween the Heterophils to Lymphoyte rtio, s well s we noted the sme signifint inrese were hppenedin the onentrtion of the totl protein, lumin,gloulin, gluose, high-density lipoprotein nd liver enzymes GOT nd GPT s well s the results of the experiment showed to signifint derese inidene( P <0.05) in the onentrtion of holesterol, tri glyerides,uri id,low- density lipoprotein nd ALP enzyme in T2 ndt3 tretment ompred with ontrol group T1. Inthe qulity hrteristis of the eggs we noted the presene of signifint improvement) P <0.05) in egg weight,yolk weight,lumin weight,shellweight, thikness of the shell nd the high - densitylipo protein of the egg yolk nd we seen signifintly redue) P <0.05) in egg yolkholesterol nd low-density lipoporotein in T2,T3 ompred with T1. We onlude from the results of this experiment tht the ddition of Shromyes erevisieto the diet of lying hens led to n improvement the helth sttus of irds through the improvement of the physiologil trits nd redue inthe lood nd egg yolksholesterol, nd thus the prodution of suitlemet nd eggs for humn onsumption nd improved the qulities of produed eggs served the onsumer in terms of helth nd eonomi development. Key word: Shromyes erevisie, lying hens, physiologil trits, eggqulities. I. Introdution Feeding is one of the si elements in the poultry industry s it onstituting 75-80% of the totl ost of prodution nd hve diret impt on produtive proess, one importnt ingredient is the feed dditives s it is of gret importne to improve the qulity nd quntity of prodution,where used lot of feed dditives suh s miroorgnisms, enzymes nd hormones... et.for the purpose of inresing the prodution (1). The poultry produts re si foundtion in the hievement of food seurity nd onsumption is one of the stndrds of modern iviliztion nd progress of peoplesinluding poultry met to higher nutritionl vlue ompred with red met (1). Modern medil studies pointed for the the World Helth Orgniztion (WHO) nd the Ageny for Food nd Drug Administrtion( FDA)Showed the presene of the risk of wide use of ntiiotis in poultry reeding life nd took these risks threten the helth of the world's popultion, s the exessive use of ntiiotis leds to the ourrene of mny prolems like the pperne of resistne for the of some strins of miroorgnisms ginst some types of ntiiotis nd the elimintion of hrmful teri nd enefiil together (2). The mny negtive effets of ntiiotis led to grdully reple them yproioti nd preioti,so the reserhers tive in this field to treted poultry diets y the use of miroorgnisms suh s yests nd minly dry shromyes erevisie(3). Shromyes erevisie re yest orgnisms tht uniellulr grm positive stin would e unle to dhesion to the intestinl wll, ut it is ple of high onsumption of oxygen nd thus provides the presene of neroi onditions suitle for the growth nd prolifertion of ltoilli (4) Pge

2 Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits.. Yest elonging to the genusshromyes mens sugrs nd fungl type ervevisie nd prtiiption it mens to eer yest(5),it show is ovl with white or remy olor nd reprodue vegettively y udding or fission nd sexully y spores ysti(4,5). The yest present freely in thegstrointestinl trt vity nd it is lledtrnsient miroorgnisms tht mens it does not stik in the epithelil ells, nd sorting of enzymes to the intestineswhih works to inrese the rediness of nutrients to feed s well s inrese the perentge ofdigested protein in the gut of poultry (6). the yest hve role in non-speilized immune stimultion s well s its role in tivting the toxins t s ompetitive retion with some pthogeni miroes (7). It hs een oserved tht the ddition of proioti omponent of Shromyes erevisie to roiler diet led to signifint improvement in the produtive performne, low perdition rtio nd improve trits of lood (7,8). Shromyes used s preioti euse they ontin mnnnoligoshride,it is one of the omponents of the ell wll of yest, where ounts for out 50% of the rohydrte omponent of the ell wll nd ts s mgnet for intestinl teri(6),it hs een oserved tht the ddition of thisyest t 0.1% works to redue ft nd holesterol in serum s n inditor of deline in roiler het stress, with high onentrtion of totl protein nd lumin serum nd reduing triglyerides, uri id nd s in the ft of the domen(9,10).so this study imed to investigte the effet of dding Shromyes erevisie with two different onentrtion for lying hensdiet in physiologil ttriutes nd the qulity of theprodut eggs. II. Mteril nd methods This study ws onduted in one of the fields of the ommeril setor in thediwniy ity for the period from 13/01/2014 until 13/03/2014 y using 45 type egg-lying hensesa Brown, ged 40 weeks nd rndomly distriuted to threetretmentsnd eh tretment onsisted of three replites ( five hens in one replite).the tretment of the experiment s follows: T1: tretment represented theontrolgroup thtfedonsl diet without ny dditives. T2: tretment represented the seond group of irds tht fedon the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie(2 /kg feed stuff). T3: tretment fed onsl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie(3/kg feed stuff). Tle (1) illustrted the diet whih used in feeding the irds nd their hemil omposition y hemil nlysis ording to the nlysis feed mterils listed in NRC for 1994.(11). Tle (1) Proportions of omponents nd mterils used in the feed rtion experiment Protein onentrte * 16.5 mteril Rte of feed omposition % mize 45 rely 30 Soyen mel Limestone 5 slt 0.5 %Crude protein Clulted hemil nlysis ** Metolisle energykl/kg 2754 %lium 2.70 Aville phosphorus % 0.57 Lysine 0.74 Methionine 0.31 * onentrted protein Golden(Jordnin) eh kg ontin 2500 kl /kg digestle energy,40% rude protein,9% ft,4.5 %rude fier,0.9% lium,2.4 %ville phosphorus,2.3 %lysin,1.25 %methoinin +ystin, Vit A IU,Vit B 1 10 mg/kg,vit K 3 20 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment lood ws olleted rndomly from six irds per tretment nd s the olletion of lood from the wing vein,lood smples were divided into two setions put the first setion in the tues ontin the ogultion inhiitor EDTA,nd put seond in the tues free from ntiogulnt. Use the first setion of lood in the mesurement of lood prmeters were lulted s the numer of red lood ells (RBC) y using n optil mirosope ording to the method mentioned y (12),s well s lulted the numer of white lood ells(wbc) on glss slide espeilly for the purposes of differentil ounting ording to the method desried in (12).nd then lulted rtio of hetrophils ells to lymphoytes y method referred to in (13),in ddition to tht we lulted onentrtion of hemogloin ( H) ording to the method of (14),nd lulte the vlues of Pked Cell Volum (PCV) By pipeline open lttie-minute prties ording to the method mentioned of (14) Pge

3 Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits.. The seond setion of the lood put in the tues free from ntiogulnt ws used in the mesurement of iohemil trits, s lood smples pled in the entrifuge3000 r / min for 15 minutes,where used kits mnuftured y thejordnin world ompny (Dimond) for medil regents for mesuring holesterol mg / 100 ml ording to the method mentioned of (15) nd triglyeridesmg / 100 ording to method (16),totl protein,luminnd gloulin /100 m y method of (16),nd gluose mg / 100 mlording to the method of (17),nd uri id mg / 100 ml y method mentioned in the(18). Bloodenzymes( GOT, GPT, ALP ) were mesured y using kits supplied from the produing Frenh ompny (iomerieux) nd ording to(19),while estimted HDL ording the method of (20) nd LDL y method of (21). As for the qulities of the produt eggs qulity hve een tking the 6 eggs from eh tretment were mesured of interior nd exteriorhrteristis of egg y method of (22), ws mesured weight of the yolk, the lumin nd egg shell y sensitive lne nd mesure the thikness of the egg shell y Verne espeilly for it. The hemil tests of the eggs were mesuredegg yolk holesterol y method of (15)nd mesuring high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the egg yolk ording to the method ( 20) nd low density lipoprotein (LDL) ording to wht is stted in( 21). As for the sttistil nlysis we used omplete rndomized design (CRD) to evlute the effet of different tretments in studied trits nd ompred the signifint differenes etween the verges of the tretments y using Dunntest,nd used SPSS sttistil progrm for dt nlysis (23). III. Result nd disussion Tle (2) showed the results of the effet of dding Shromyes erevisie to diet in physiologil lood ttriutes of lying hens,where reorded the seond nd third tretments signifintly inresed( p < 0.05) in the numer of red lood ells(rbc)were rehed to (2.92,2.80)10 6 /mm 3 ompred with ontrol group mounting to 2.29, we lso noted signifint inrese in the numer of white lood ells(wbc) for the T2,T3 whih mounted to (15.35,15.11)10 3 /mm 3 ompred with ontrol group mounting to(14.05)whih fed on diet free of ny ddition.as for the onentrtion oflood hemogloin thet3 hd reorded the signifintly inrese in the onentrtion of hemogloin whih mounted to 7.83, followed y the T2mounting to7.65 ompred with ontrol group mounting to 6.42/100ml. The third tretment reorded rise signifintly( p < 0.05) in the perentge of PCV whih rehed to followed y 23.52% int2 group ompred to the ontrol ws 21.1%,we lso noted signifint derese(p< 0.05) in the proportion of the heterophils ells to lymphoytes in the T2,T3 mounting to 0.55 nd 0.57, respetively, ompred to the ontrol group whih rehed to The improved hrteristis of the lood physiologil prmeters used y improvement in the helth sttus of the irds nd the effet of ddittion on rediness for some vitl elements like proteins nd vitmins. The results lerly indite to the role of Shromyes erevisie in stimulte nd promote the proess ofred lood ells formtion s result of stimulted nd revitliztion of the work of the liver through exreted enzymes tivtor.(24). Whih in turn stimulted the kidneys to sereted the erythropoietinhormone whih stimulus for the proess of formtion of the lood nd this is the min reson ehind the rise in the vlues of PCV Whih depends minly on the preprtion of red lood ells lso inrese the numer of red lood ells would ontriute to n inrese in hemogloin onentrtion eing rried on red lood ells,this my e the reson to rise the numer of white lood ells, so tht one of the mehnisms of tion of yest nd proioti to promote puli helth through its work in promoting the development nd prodution of white ells (25). This my e the reson for the high numer of red lood ells euse of the inresed effiieny of the Thyroxin hormone,it one of the orgniztion hormones for metolism,s it leds to inresed hemogloin onentrtion s well s inrese of thyroxin led to inrese metoli retions in the ody tissue whih inreses the need for tissue to oxygen.thus inresing stimulted the proess of mnufturing red lood ells to trnsport oxygen whih neessry for the ompletion of these metoli retions (26). Tle ( 3)explined the effet of dding Shromyes erevisie in diet on some physiologil trits of lying hens, inluding onentrtion of holesterol, triglyerides, high nd low density lipoproteins in serum. thet3 reorded the signifint derese(p< 0.05) in the onentrtion of serum holesterol, whih mounted to mg / 100 ml followed y the T2 whih mounted to mg / 100 ml ompred to the ontrol grouptht rehed to 201.3mg / 100 ml. The low onentrtion of serum holesterol orresponded to the mny of the studies, tht Shromyes erevisieontin the glun fier whih worked to lower holesterol y severl mehnisms, inluding its ssoition with ile ids in the digestive trt, thus redues ile ids whih dte k to the liver nd thus stimulted the prodution of ile ids from holesterol,s well s the glun fier fermented in the gut y teri nd leds to the prodution of short-hin ftty ids like Butrte, propointe,ette,these ids 22 Pge

4 Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits.. re sored y the pylori vein to the liver nd inhiit the prodution of holesterol in the liver, tht these fiers remin for time in the stomh nd thus redue the sorption of sugr, whih helps to redue insulin in the lood, whih in turn leds to lk of prodution of holesterol in the liver.the presene of these nonsolule fier redues the sorption of ft, inluding holesterol y inresing the visosity of the intestines nd these results were onsistent with the (26). We seen from Tle( 3) signifint derese (p<0.05) in the onentrtion of triglyerides for the T3 whih stood t mg/100 ml followed y T2 group ws121.6 ompred to ontrol group whih mounted to 182 mg/100 ml, nd we noted signifint derese(p<0.05) of the onentrtion of low-density lipoprotein in the T3Whih stood t mg/100 ml followed y T ompred to the ontrol group ws rehed to 56.22, lso T3reorded signifint improvement (p<0.05) in the onentrtion of high-density lipoprotein, whih rehed to 65.5mg/100 ml followed y T2 out to44.68 ompred to the ontrol group 40.56mg/100ml. It is elieved tht short-hin ftty ids suh s eti nd utyri, propoini id produed y onsumption of fier y seleted miroorgnisms leds to redution in TG, LDL nd inrese HDL(27,28). Tle (4) lso shows signifint derese( p<0.05)in the onentrtion of gluose in the lood serum for T3, T2 whih stood t nd mg/100 ml respetively ompred to the ontrol group 214.3,this is due to the positive effet of dding Shromyes erevisie to the diet or the role of glu n whih loted in the ell wll of yest, s (29) pointed out tht these fiers remin for while in the stomh nd thus redue the sorption of sugr. Tle (4) lso shows the presene of signifint derese(p<0.05) in the onentrtion of uri id for the T2,T3 where mounted to 6.45 nd 6.91mg/100 ml respetively, ompred to ontrol group7.18,tht uri id is the finl produt of purine metolism nd the proess of demolition of protein nd non-protein nitrogen in irds nd Shromyes erevisiesort of extrellulr enzymes whih worked to inrese the rediness of nutrients nd inrese the perentge of rude protein in the gstrointestinl trt of hikens (27). The Shromyes erevisie tivted miroorgnisms tht produe the urese enzyme whih nlyzes the ure to mmoni in the gstrointestinl trt nd improve growth(27). Tle (4) s well s showed the signifint superiority(p <0.05) of thet2,t3 in totl protein onentrtion ws 4.38,4.10 respetively ompred to ontrol 3.33 tht due to the role of Shromyes erevisie to inrese the tivity of the liver to mnufture of proteins, s well s lower protein demolitions,with regrd we noted rised in serum lumin in the lood serum for the T3,T2 whih mounted to 1.42 nd 1.41, respetively, ompred to ontrol1.21, nd this euse of the ft tht lumin is the min protein in lood proteins hs n importnt role in the stility of the ody, it is good store of mino ids nd is good inditor of the helth nd produtive sttus of hiken,this is due to the role of the omponents of the ell wll in inresing the onentrtion of this protein nd the rte of re-lning of the ody, the lumin re mjor proteins whih responsile for the stility of the ody nd mintin the nturl lne (10,27). We lso noted the signifint inrese (p <0.05) in the onentrtion of gloulin for thet3 whih rehed to 2.9, followed y T2 out to2.7 ompred to ontrol group ws2.08/100 ml,onfirmed (9) tht the reson for high serum proteins k to mximum enefit from intke food, espeilly protein. The Tle (5)shown theeffet of Shromyes erevisie dding to the diet in the tivity of hiken lood enzymes,the results of sttistil nlysis were otined signifint inrese in the onentrtion of GOT,GPT enzymesfor the T3,T2 ingot enzymerehing132.6 nd IU/L respetively, ompred to the ontrolgroup whih mounted to IU/L while the GPTenzyme ( 48.9, 44.5) for T3,T2 respetively ompred to ontrol group ws 39.43IU/L,Whileshown signifintly deresed inalpenzyme in the T3,T2 where it rehed out( 29.1, 28.8) IU/L respetivelyompred to ontrol 36.9 nd this onfirms tht the yest did not dversely ffet the physiologil performne for irds, ut it ws positive role in mking signifint inrese in GOT,GPT enzymes (28). Thetle ( 6) shown the effet of dding Shromyes erevisie in the qulities of the produt qulity of the eggswhere we noted signifint inrese in the weight of the eggs for the of T3,T2 rehing out( 55.74,55.72) respetively ompred tothe ontrol group 54.09,These results were identil to the results of (30),He explined tht the terms of Shromyes erevisie is involved in diverse miroorgnism whih inrese the rediness of nutrients with signifintlyimptin some melting of metls nd tht improve the hnes of sorption nd metolism, whih will provide the needs of the formtion of the egg nd tht inreses in the rte of egg weight,as well s the tle explined signifint inrese in the yolk weight for the T3, T2 it rehed to (17.7,17.27) respetively ompred to the ontrol group 16.68,this is due to the enefiil teri nd enefiil sugrs present in the ell wll of Shromyes erevisie during the proesses of eletorl fortifition nd ompetitive exlusionwhih ontriuted to the slow speed of the pssge of the mss food nd inrese the period of 23 Pge

5 Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits.. survivl nd exposure to digestive enzymes, whih t inresed the hne proesses of digestion nd sorption nd metolism nd improve the qulity of the egg nd yolk weight(3,30). As well s the tle shown the existene of signifint inrese in the lumin weight egg for the T3,T2 rehed to( 33.6,33.4) respetively ompred to ontrol group 32.39This is due to the impt of the rule of useful miroorgnisms in the ovidut nd stimulted the prodution of lumin(31). As well s thetle( 6) shown inrese in the eggs shell for T3,T2 mounted out (4.98,4.92)respetively ompred to ontrol group 4.90, it lso inresed the overll verge thikness of the egg shells re signifintly in T2,T3 whih rehed to( 0.37,0.35)mm respetively ompred to ontrol group 0.31,the improvement in the rte of weight nd thikness of the egg shell returns to enle Shromyes erevisie seretion of digestive enzymessuh sphytse enzyme whih worked on the nlysis of omplex omposite ontining phosphori id, whih mkes it negtive hrge ttrts tionslike C,P,Cu,Fe,This lso work to prevent the phytse enzyme linked to some of the proteins or y reking nd digested it nd so inrese the vilility nd rediness of nutrients, espeilly in the grin(31). As n e seen from Tle( 6) signifint derese in the onentrtion of egg yolkholesterol for T3,T2 whih rehed to( 9.92,10.30)mg/ yolk respetively ompred to ontrol group We lso note signifint derese in the onentrtion of low-density lipoprotein for T3,T2 whih rehed to (52.26,54.39)mg/ respetively ompred to ontrol group 60.26,We lso note the signifint rise in the onentrtion of high-density lipoprotein in T3,T2 whih rehed to (79.9,72.13) respetively ompred to ontrol group s explined previously in effet of Shromyes erevisie on serum holesterol nd lipoproteins. Tle (2) effet the ddition of Shromyes erevisie in lood prmeter of lying hens tretment prmeter RBC 10 6 /mm ± ± ± 0.01 WBC 10 3 /mm ± ± ±0.02 H 6.42 ± ± ±0.01 PCV % 21.1± ± ± 0.03 H/L 0.91 ± ± ± 0.01 T1: represented the ontrol group tht fed on sl diet with out ny dditives. T2: represented the seond group of irds tht fed on the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie. T3: represented the third group fed on sl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The numers represent verges ± stndrd error. Different letters indite the presene of signifint differenes etween the vergesunder proility Tle (3) effet the ddition of Shromyes erevisie in serum holesterol nd lipoproteins tretment prmeter Cholesterol Triglyerides HDL LDL ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.21 T1: represented the ontrol group tht fed on sl diet with out ny dditives. T2: represented the seond group of irds tht fed on the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie. T3: represented the third group fed on sl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The numers represent verges ± stndrd error. Different letters indite the presene of signifint differenes etween the vergesunder proility 24 Pge

6 Effet of ddition of Shromyes erevisie to the diet of lying hens in physiologil trits.. Tle (4) effet the ddition of Shromyes erevisie in iohemil prmeter of lying hens tretment prmeter Totl protein Alumin Gloulin Gluose Uri id 3.33 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.02 T1: represented the ontrol group tht fed on sl diet with out ny dditives. T2: represented the seond group of irds tht fed on the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie. T3: represented the third group fed on sl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The numers represent verges ± stndrd error. Different letters indite the presene of signifint differenes etween the vergesunder proility tretment prmeter GOT IU/L GPT IU/L ALP IU/L Tle (5) effet the ddition of Shromyes erevisie in lood enzymes ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.20 T1: represented the ontrol group tht fed on sl diet with out ny dditives. T2: represented the seond group of irds tht fed on the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie. T3: represented the third group fed on sl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The numers represent verges ± stndrd error. Different letters indite the presene of signifint differenes etween the vergesunder proility Tle (6) effet the ddition of Shromyes erevisie in Qulittive Chrteristis nd holesterol yolk of produtegg tretment prmeter Egg weight Yolk weight Alumin weight Shell weight Shell thikness mm Yolk holesterol Mg/ yolk Yolk LDL Mg/ yolk Yolk HDL Mg/ yolk ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.88 T1: represented the ontrol group tht fed on sl diet with out ny dditives. T2: represented the seond group of irds tht fed on the sl diet plus 0.2% of Shromyes erevisie. T3: represented the third group fed on sl diet plus 0.3% Shromyes erevisie. The numers represent verges ± stndrd error Pge

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