EFFECT OF USING ALOE VERA AND PROTEXIN PROBIOTIC ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL IN JAPANESE QUAILS

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1 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile EFFECT OF USING ALOE VERA AND PROTEXIN PROBIOTIC ON PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL IN JAPANESE QUAILS Akr Ghed Amini 1 nd *Nsrollh Vli 2 1 Deprtment of Agriulture Mngement, Shhrekord Brnh, Islmi Azd University, Shhrekord, Irn 2 Deprtment of Animl Siene, Shhrekord University, Shhrekord, Irn *Author of Correspondene ABSTRACT To determine the effet of using Aloe ver nd protexin proioti on performne, rss hrteristis nd some lood iohemil in Jpnese quils, totl 300 ten dys old Jpnese quils quil hiks with n verge weight of 19.5±5 g were divided into 8 tretments with 3 replites s ftoril rndomized design experiment. The quils were fed y sl diet s ontrol diet, (0 nd 1 g.kg protexin proioti) nd (0.1 nd 0.2 perentge Aloe ver powder). For performne evlution feed onsumption, ody weight gin nd feed onversion rtio were mesured. At the end of tril 2 quils form eh group ws slughtered then seprted nd some edile orgns perentge were mesured nd ompred together. Protexin nd Aloe ver inresed feed intke (g) ompred to ontrol. Body weight (g) ws higher signifintly (p 0.05) when the irds fed y them. There were no signifint differenes for feed onversion rtio (FCR) etween tretments. Crss perentge hd inresed y using Aloe ver nd protexin proioti. The rest nd drumstik weight ws hnged no signifintly y using experimentl diets. Gluose levels tended to inrese y using Aloe ver. There were signifint differenes for holesterol, triglyeride nd HDL levels etween tretments (p 0.05). Dt showed tht holesterol nd triglyeride were deresed y using Aloe ver nd protexin ut HDL ws inresed where quils fed y Aloe ver nd protexin proioti. We determine signifint differenes etween mle nd femle quils out some lood iohemil. As result relevnt from this study using of Aloe ver nd protexin in quils diet my e useful nd hve signifintly effets on performne, rss hrteristis, some lood iohemil on Jpnese quils. Keywords: Aloe Ver, Blood Biohemil, Performne, Protexin, Jpnese Quils INTRODUCTION Herl mediines hve lwys een form of therpy for livestok mong resoure poor smllholder frmers (Grindly nd Reynolds, 1986). There is, however, little doumenttion of the use of ethno veterinry mediines, s mny reserhers nd helth prtitioners view these prties s kwrd (Croom, 1995). Doumenttion of herl plnts is neessry euse they re likely to e more importnt in the future, espeilly given the eslting osts of drugs nd the fous on orgni produts in most developing ountries (Wenk, 2002). In ddition, with the development of resistne of pthogens to drugs, ethno veterinry mediine might e the route to tke sine hers tend to e rod spetrum (Drighne et l., 2010). Aloe ver is lso widely used for the externl tretment of minor wounds, skin irrittions inluding urns, ruises nd rsions, nd generl inflmmtory skin disorders (Atherton, 1998; Croom, 1995). It hs nti-llergy nd nti inflmmtory properties euse of glyoproteins nd nthrquinones, whih lok the regenertion of thromoxnes nd rdykinin, nd lso inhiit nd rek down rdykinin (Mmereole, 2011). Previous studies disovered different properties of Aloe ver gel, inluding wound heling, nti-prsiti, nti-virl, ntifungl nd nti-teril properties (Boudreu nd Belnd, 2006; Reynolds nd Dwek, 1999). Studies reveled tht properties of Aloe ver, inluding wound heling, immunomodultory, nd ntiteril properties, my stem from emnnn (Heggers et l., 1993; Msolo et l., 2004). Zhng nd Tizrd (1996) reported improved intestinl miroflor in roilers s result of emnnn tretment. Triq et l., (2015) showed tht higher vlues of dressing perentge with nd without gilet nd rest weight in the Aloe ver group s ompred to the ontrol Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 39

2 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile group. They mentioned tht no signifint (p>0.05) differenes were oserved in gilet weight, other ut up prts nd omposition of the rest, thigh, nd drumstik musles in ll the tretment groups. An lterntive pproh to su-therpeuti ntiiotis in livestok is the use of proioti miroorgnisms, preioti sustrtes tht enrih ertin teril popultions, or synioti omintions of preiotis nd proiotis (Crwford, 1979; Bi et l., 2013). In roiler nutrition, proioti speies elonging to Ltoillus, Streptoous, Billus, Bifidoterium, Enteroous, Aspergillus, Cndid, nd Shromyes hve enefiil effet on roiler performne, modultion of intestinl miroflor nd pthogen inhiition (Jeropme, 1962). Protexin is one of the proiotis used in poultry feed stuffs, it is one of the multi strin proioti ontining live miroes to estlish, enhne or re estlish essentil miroflor in the gut (Vli, 2009; Ftm et l., 2013). Protexin n e used in wide rnge of irumstnes, either to improve the generl helth of nimls, ddress speifi prolems or to mximize poultries performne (Vli et l., 2013). Bsed on the results otined in previous studies regrding the positive effets of Aloe ver on immune system nd intestinl miroflor of roilers, the purpose of this study ws to effet of using Aloe ver nd protexin proioti on performne, rss hrteristis nd some lood iohemil in Jpnese quils. MATERIALS AND METHODS Birds nd Diets This experiment ws rried out t the viulture frm of Shhrekord, Irn. To determine the effet of using Aloe ver nd protexin proioti on performne, rss hrteristis nd some lood iohemil in Jpnese quils, totl 300 ten dys old Jpnese quils quil hiks with n verge weight of 19.5 ±5 g were divided into 8 tretments with 3 replites s ftoril rndomized design experiment. The quils were fed y sl diet s ontrol diet, (0 nd 1 g.kg protexin proioti) nd (0.1 nd 0.2 perentge Aloe ver powder). Aloe Ver ws purhsed from spiery shop keeper in Shhrekord-Irn. Corn, soyen mel nd were nlyzed in the l for determine mount of dry mtter, rude protein, lium, phosphorus nd its rude fier with ssoition of offiil nlytil hemists (AOAC, 2000). The sl diet ws lned on the sis of orn nd soyen mel s reommended y nutrition reserh ounil for irds (NRC, 1994). The ompositions of sl diet re shown in Tle 1. Diets nd fresh wter were provided dliitum during the experiment. Tle 1: The Compositions of Experimentl Diets * Ingredients Control A B C D E F J Corn Soyen mel Fish mel Oil Methionine DCP Oyster shell Edile Slt Vitmin premix** Minerl premix Filler Aloe ver Protexin *Clulted vlues of Nutrient omposition for Ingredients s (NRC, 1994).**Supplied per kilogrm of feed: IU of vitmin A, 2000IU vitmin D3, 30 Mg vitmin E,1.5 µg vitmin B12,2Mg B6,5 Mg Vitmin K,5 Mg vitmin B2,1 Mg vitmin B1,40 Mg niotini ide,160µg vitmin Biothine,12 Mg Clium pntothente,1mgfoli id 20 Mg Fe,71 Mg Mn,100µg Se,37Mg Zn,6 Mg Cu,1.14 Mg I,400 µg Cu. Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 40

3 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile Colletion of Dt Dt on ody weight, feed onsumption were reorded t weekly intervls nd mortlity ws reorded t ourrene. From the ove dt, ody weight gin, feed effiieny nd livility were lulted. At the end of experimentl, 2 irds form eh replites were slughtered for determintion of rss trits. Also dressing perentge ws lulted free from gilets nd some orgns were weighed seprtely s perentge of rss weight. Evlution of Blood Prmeters After 12 h of fsting, lood smples were tken from the rhil vein from four irds per replite nd stored t refrigertor t 4 C. Individul serum smples were nlyzed for gluose, holesterol, triglyeride nd HDL y n utomti iohemil nlyzer following the instrutions of the orresponding regent kit (Prs Azmoon Co., Tehern, Irn). Sttilly Model The sttilly model ws: Yijk = µ+ ά i+ ßj+ (ά +ß)ij+ eijk Yijk = verge effet oserved, µ = totl verge, άi= effet of Aloe ver powder, ßj = effet of protexin proioti, (ά +ß) ij = intertions (Aloe ver protexin), eijk = effet of errors. Dt Anlysis The GLM proedure of SAS softwre (SAS, 2001) ws used for dt nlysis of vrine s ompletely rndomized design. The signifint differene mong the men were lulted y Dunn s (1995) multiple rnge tests. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This study ws rried out to envisged effet of Aloe ver nd protexin on produtive performne, rss hrteristis nd some lood iohemil in Jpnese quil. The results of experiment were showed s followed: A. Performne Dt showed tht use of protexin nd Aloe ver inresed feed intke (g) ompred to ontrol. Body weight (g) ws higher signifintly (p 0.05) when the irds fed y protexin nd Aloe ver ompred to ontrol. Also feed onversion rtio (FCR) ws lesser in protexin group nd there were no signifint differenes ompred to the ontrol (Tle 2). Tle 2: The Effets of Aloe Ver nd Protexin on Performne of Jpnese Quils Tretments FI* BW FCR Aloe ver Protexin g.dy g.dy -- % g.kg ±0.55 ** 6.03± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.17 P vlue -- ns ** ns *Feed intke (FI), ody weight (BW), feed onversion rtio (FCR). **Mens within row with no ommon on letter re signifintly different (p<0.05). Olupon et l., (2010) reported inresed feed intke in groups whih were treted y Aloe ver gel solved in wter (15, 20, 25 nd 30 m3/dm3) s ody weight gin. Similrly, the present study shows inresed feed intke in the Aloe ver group with rised level of ody weight gin. Wenk (2002) rgued tht hers n stimulte ppetite nd endogenous seretions whih, in turn, improve performne. Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 41

4 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile Drigne et l., (2011) onluded tht no signifint differene mong the 1.5% nd 2% Aloe ver gel groups, the ntiioti nd the ontrol groups n e seen. Among ll groups, the 2.5% Aloe ver gel group hd the gretest feed onversion rtio. The results re in ordne with (Chinnh et l., 1992) nd (Vlle-prso et l., 2005) who reported tht Aloe ver gel nd polyshride in Aloe ver (emnnn) ould improve the performne response in roilers. B. Some Orgns Perentge Aording to the tle 2, the rss perentge hd inresed y using Aloe ver nd protexin proioti. The rest weight perentge ws hnged no signifintly y using experimentl diets. Also drumstik weights perentge lso were inreses y using Aloe ver nd protexin nd they were t the lowest in ontrol. As result ws relevnt from Tle 3 there were no signifint differenes etween tretments out intestine, Liver nd gizzrd perentge. Singh et l., (2013) showed tht the dressing perentge of the Aloe ver group ws numerilly higher s ompred to other groups. Also Ojewol nd Ew (2005) reported no signifint differenes in dressing perentge mongst the irds fed with pigeon pe seed mel, groundnut ke shewnut mel nd otton seed mel. Drigne et l., (2011) showed tht the hevier dressing perentge ws oserved in the ntiioti group showing signifint differene thn other groups exept for the 2% Aloe ver gel group (P<0.05). Among the groups treted y Aloe ver gel, the 2% Aloe ver gel group hd the hevier dressing perentge with signifint differene thn the 1.5% Aloe ver gel group s well s the ontrol group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the lightest dressing perentge ws tht of the ontrol group. Trigh et l., (2015) showed signifintly (p<0.05) higher vlues of dressing perentge with nd without gilet nd rest weight in the T2-T4 group s ompred to the T1 group. No signifint (p>0.05) differenes were oserved in gilet weight, other ut up prts nd omposition of the rest, thigh, nd drumstik musles in ll the tretment groups. They noted tht Aloe ver nd love supplementtion improved the dressing perentge nd rest weight without dversely ffeting the met omposition nd serum enzymes. Thus, these n e used s growth promoter in Jpnese quils. Tle 3: The Effets of Aloe Ver nd Protexin on Some Orgns Perentge Tretments Crss Liver Gizzrd Drumstik Brest Intestine Aloe ver Protexin (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) % g.kg P vlue -- ns ns ns ns ns ns *Mens within row with no ommon on letter re signifintly different (p<0.05). Dt from Tle 4 showed tht gluose levels tended to inrese y using Aloe ver nd protexin none signifintly. There were signifint differenes etween tretments for holesterol, triglyeride nd HDL levels (p 0.05). Dt showed tht holesterol nd triglyeride were deresed y using Aloe ver nd protexin ut HDL were tended to inrese were quils fed y Aloe ver nd protexin proioti. Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 42

5 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile C. Blood Biohemil Tle 4: The Effets of Aloe Ver nd Protexin on Some Blood Biohemil Tretments HDL Triglyeride Cholesterol Gluose Uri id Totl Protein Aloe Protexin )Mg.dl( Ver % g.kg d d d d P vlue -- ** ** ** ns ** ns *Mens within row with no ommon on letter re signifintly different (p<0.05). The present findings for lood iohemil results re in greement with the report of Mmereole (2011) reported inrese in ove prmeters in the group hving Aloe ver s ompred to ontrol nd group hving ntiiotis. Singh et l., (2013) study showed no signifint differenes in the levels of lood plsm gluose, totl protein, lumin, gloulin, uri id, retinine nd phosphorus mongst ll the groups. Tle 5: The Effets of Aloe Ver nd Protexin on Mle nd Femle Quil s Blood Biohemil Aloe Ver HDL Triglyeride Cholesterol Gluose Uri Aid Totl Protein % )Mg.dl( d d d P vlue ** ** ** ns ** ns *Mens within row with no ommon on letter re signifintly different (p<0.05). Trigh et l., (2014) onluded tht Aloe ver nd love supplementtion through feed improved immune sttus of Jpnese quils without ffeting hemtologil nd serum iohemil prmeters. REFERENCES AOAC (2000). Offiil Methods of Anlytil Chemist 16 th edition. (AOAC, Arlington, V.A, USA). Atherton P (1998). Aloe ver: mgi or mediine? Nursing Stndrd Bi SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, Lei Y, Bi J, Zhng KY nd Chio JS (2013). Effets of proiotisupplemented diets on growth performne nd intestinl immune hrteristis of roiler hikens. Poultry Siene 92(3) Chinnh AD, Big MA, Tizrd IR nd Kemp MC (1992). Antigen dependent djuvnt tivity of poly dispersed ß-(1,4)-linked etylted mnnn (emnnn). Vine Crwford JS (1979). Proiotis in niml nutrition. Proeedings of Arknss Nutrition Conferene Arknss, USA Croom EM nd Wlker L (1995). Botnils in the phrmy: new life for old remedies. Drug Topis Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 43

6 CIBTeh Journl of Zoology ISSN: (Online) An Open Aess, Online Interntionl Journl Aville t Vol. 5 (2) My-August, pp.39-44/amini nd Vli Reserh Artile Drighne B, Zrei A, Zre Shhneh A nd Mhdvi A (2010). Effets of different levels of Aloe ver gel s nlterntive to ntiioti on performne nd ileum morphology in roilers. Itlin Journl of Animl Siene 10(36) Dunn s DB (1955). Multiple rnge nd multiple F tests. Biometris Durrni FR, Ullh S, Chnd N, Durrni Z nd Akhtr S (2008). Using queous extrt of Aloe gel s ntioedil nd immunostimulnt gent in roiler prodution. Srhd Journl of Agriulture 24(4) Grindly D nd Reynolds T (1986). The Aloe ver phenomenon: review of the properties nd modern uses of the lef prenhym gel. Journl of Ethnophrmology Hmid FMA, El-Gohry FA nd Rish EF (2013). Inorportion effiy omprison of proioti nd ntiioti on growth performne, some immunologil nd iohemil prmeters in Slmonell enteritis Chllenged Chiks. Life Siene Journl 10(4) Heggers JP, Pelley RP nd Roson MC (1993). Benefiil effets of Aloe in wound heling. Phytotherpy Reserh Mehl C nd Moorthy M (2008). Prodution performne of roilers fed with Aloe ver nd Curum long (Turmeri). Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene Mmereole FUC (2011). Evlution of the dietry inlusion of Aloe ver s n lterntive to ntiioti growth promoter in roiler prodution. Pkistn Journl of Nutrition 10(1) 1-5. Ojewol GS nd Ew UE (2005). Response of growing roiler to vrying dietry plnt protein. Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 4(10) Olupon JA, Omotoso OR, Adeyeye AA, Kolwole OD, Airemionkhle AP nd Adejinmi OO, (2010). Effet of loe ver juie pplition through drinking wter on performne, rss hrteristis, hemtology nd orgnoleptis properties in roilers. Proeedings of 98th Annul Meeting of Poultry Siene Assoition Roeviiute SA, Syte V, Gruzoushs R nd Sirnus A (2007). Influene of proioti preprtion srsure on the produtivity nd met qulity of roiler hikens. Biotehnology in Animl Husndry Journl 23(56) SAS Institute (2001). SAS Users Guide: Sttistis, (SAS Institute In, Cry, NC, USA). Singh RK, Bhn S, Singh AK nd Rghuvnsi SKS (2013). To investigte the effets of grded levels of proioti (Protexin) supplementtion on prodution performne: ody weight gin, feed onsumption nd feed onversion rtio in roiler hiks. Bioved 24(1) Triq H, Ro PV, Rghuvnshi RS, Mondl BC nd Mll BA (2014). Effet of Aloe Ver (Aloe rdensis) nd Clove (Syzigium romtium) supplementtion on immune sttus, hemtologil nd serum iohemil prmeters in Jpnese quils. Indin Journl of Animl Nutrition 31(3) Triq H, Ro PV, Rghuvnshi RS, Mondl BC nd Singh SK (2015). Effet of Aloe ver nd love powder supplementtion on rss hrteristis, omposition nd serum enzymes of Jpnese quils. Veterinry World 8(5) Vli N (2009). Proioti in quil nutrition: A review. Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 8(12) Vli N, Ghderi Smni A nd Doosti A (2013). Effet of proioti on lying performne of Jpnese quils (Coturnix jponi). Reserh Opinion in Animl nd Veterinry Siene 3(7) Vlle-prso MGR, Vidmo PJS, Anunido RVP nd Lpitn AM (2005). Effets of Aloe ver (Aloe rdensis) on the white lood ell ount nd ntiody titer of roiler hikens vinted ginst Newstle disese. Philippine Journl of Veterinry Mediine Wenk C (2002). Hers, otnils nd other relted sustnes. 11 th Europin Poultry Conferene, Bremen, Germny Ytes JD nd Shile PJ (1962). Protexin s n Antiioti for Poultry Feeds. Nture Zhng L nd Tizrd IR (1996). Ativtion of mouse mrophge line y emnnn: the mjor rohydrte frtion from Aloe ver gel. Immune Phrmology Centre for Info Bio Tehnology (CIBTeh) 44