Protective Effects of Cichoricum intybus Linn (Kasni) Against Dietary Aflatoxicosis in White Albino Rats

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1 Amerin-Eursin Journl of Toxiologil Sienes (): 26-3, 2009 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2009 Protetive Effets of Cihorium intyus Linn (Ksni) Aginst Dietry Afltoxiosis in White Alino Rts K.S. Mishr nd Kml Kishore Myotoxin Reserh Lortory, Deprtment of Chemistry, Breilly College, Breilly (U.P.), Indi 2 Deprtment of Phrmy, M.J.P. Rohilkhnd University, Breilly (Uttr Prdesh), Indi Astrt: In e present study fifty four white lino rts were tken nd rndomly distriuted in ree groups C, T nd T 2. Furer eh group divided into 3 sugroup of hving six rts in eh. C, T nd T 2 served s ontrol nd two tretment groups supplemented wi free diet ppm fltoxin B, Free diet ppm fltoxin B nd free diet ppm fltoxin B + Ksni (00 g/kg feed) y repling mize in rtion respetively. Eh group ws provided weighed quntity of respetive diet dily up to end of 28 dys experiment. Body weight nd feed intke were reorded t regulr intervl. Blood smples were nlysed to study e iohemil onstituents viz Glutmi-oxloeti trnsminse (GOT), Glutmi-pyruvi trnsminse (GPT), Alkline Phosphtse tivity (ALP) totl protein (TP), Alumin, Cholesterol, Gluose nd Blood ure nitrogen (BUN) nd orreltion of fltoxin B wi Ksni. The oservtions of e present study reveled t e results of e tretment T nd T group differ signifintly (P<0.05 nd 0.0) wi ontrol. The results showed t GOT, GPT, ALP, Cholesterol, Gluose, BUN level inreses more in group T n T. Totl Protein nd Alumin deresed more in T en T. Similr results were lso otined wi glutione-s-trnsferse tivity. Ksni tretment ws found enefiil s it ws oserved to ttenute fltoxiosis in treted rts. Key words: Afltoxin Ksni Cihorium intyus Rt INTRODUCTION fltoxins is e onsumption of fltoxins ontminted ddile items [9]. Afltoxin, e seondry fungl The histori disovery of fltoxins ws due to e metolite of e fungus Aspergillus flvus nd de of turkeys in e United Kingdom s result of Aspergillus prsitius is well known for its rpid de, onsuming ontminted groundnut mel imported from heptotoxi, rinogeni, immunosuppression, grow Brzil. The hrmful effets of onsuming ontminted impirment nd dverse effets in lortory nd domesti groundnut ke hve een minly oserved in poultry nimls viz. hikens, duklings, rits, guine fowl, rts nd milh ttle []. Susequently, fltoxins hve een s well s in humns [0-2]. Their formtion my our found in oer feeds espeilly mize nd otton seed when fungi grow on rops in e field, t hrvest, in mel [2]. A glol signifitions survey rried out in storge or during e proessing of feed when fvorle different prts of world reveled t mize nd groundnut onditions for eir formtion previl [3]. Cihorium ke re e ommodities most ffeted y myotoxins intyus or Ksni is quite effetive in detoxifition nd [3,4]. Afltoxins hve een reognized to e more hrmful prevent liver from e toxi effet of vrious fungl toxins to mlnourished n well nourished nimls nd humns [4]. The root extrt of Cihorium intyus t higher [5]. Afltoxins Mnd M 2 ws frequently deteted in doses (i.e. 000 mg/kg/p.o) is reported to ytotoxi to rest milk of sudnies [6] nd United Ar Emirtes ertin strins of Slmonelll [5]. The extrt is lso women [7]. The studies rried out in vrious ountries found to suitle to tret e fungl hepti toxiity hve found positive orreltion etween heptoellulr [6,7], intestinl toxiity [8] nd non-uler dyspepsi rinom nd fltoxin ingestion y mn. The [9]. Considering e deleterious effets of fltoxin nd myotoxiologil etiology hs een suggested for meliortive effets of Cihorium intyus (Ksni) in severl hroni progressively disling, polyrriti fungl infetions, e present study ws undertken to diseses [8]. The gretest dnger to humn hel from find out e sientifi orreltion of Cihorium Intyus Corresponding Auor: Kml Kishore Deprtment of Phrmy, M.J.P. Rohilkhnd University, Breilly (Uttr Prdesh) 26

2 Am-Eurs. J. Toxiol. Si., (): 26-3, 2009 Linn ommonly known s Ksni, wi fltoxin in rts, Gluose level estimted y e meod given y Hultmn whih ould help in onlusive of hroni fltoxiosis. [29] nd Blood Ure Nitrogen (BUN) estimted y e meod of Shwrtz [30].Glutione-s-trnsferse tivity MATERIALS AND METHODS ws mesured in e ytosol wi styrene oxide s sustrte s desried y Brs et l., [3]. Animls: White lino rts of eier sex proured from Indin Veterinry Reserh Institute (IVRI) Iztngr, Sttistil Anlysis: Sttistil nlysis ws done to e Breilly , were housed in niml house provided test of signifine y stndrd proedure given y wi 2 h light nd drk yle. The reserh ws Snedor nd Cohrn [32]. onduted s per e guidelines of Committee for e Purpose of Control nd Supervision of Experiments on RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Animls (CPCSEA), Ministry of Soil Justie nd Empowerment, Government of Indi, New Delhi. During e experimentl period e lino rts did not show ny linil signs of illness nd mortlity exept Experimentl Protool: In e present study fifty four dullness nd redued feed intke in T nd T 2. The white lino rts were tken nd rndomly distriuted in vritions of ody weight nd verge feed intke wi ontrol nd two experimentl groups Viz C, T nd T 2. time of vrious groups re represented grphilly Furer eh group is divided in ree sugroups hving (Fig nd 2). The results re expressed s men±stndrd six rts in eh. C, T nd T 2 diets served s experimentl error of men of ree replites of six rts eh. The totl groups supplemented wi free Diet ppm Afltoxin ody weight gin nd verge feed intke were redued B, Free diet ppm fltoxin B nd Free diet signifintly (p<0.0) in fltoxin B fed group, however, ppm fltoxin B + Ksni (00 g/kg feed) repling ere ws signifint improvement in e weight gin nd mize in rtion. Free diet ontins mize rushed, whet verge feed intke in e nimls of Ksni treted group rushed, whet n, sodium hloride, minerl mixture nd T 2. Frpe et l., [33] shown t fltoxin given t e rte sein. Eh group ws provided weighed quntity of of 0.5,.0 nd 5 ppm diet ody weight gin, grow rte, respetive diet dily up to end of 28 dys experiment. feed intke deresed during e experiment due to During experimentl period rts were oserved for linil onsumption of fltoxin. Result of e present study sign of illness nd mortlity, if ny nd were weighed t showed t e verge men vlues of GOT tivity (IU) e end of 0,7,4,2 nd 28 dys. The feed onsumption were ±2.4,.20 ±.92; ±.42 I.U. in C, T nd ody weight of rts were reorded. nd T2 groups respetively.the verge men vlues of Afltoxin ws produed on rie sustrte y GOT of tretment groups re signifintly different following e meod of Shotwell et l., [20]. The (P<0.05 nd 0.0) wi e vlues of ontrol group extrtion nd estimtion of fltoxin B in rie sustrte (Tle ). An inrese of 0.9 nd 0.78 times in GOT s well in feed to ssigned treted groups ws done s per tivity of rts were found in tretment T nd T 2wi e proedure AOAC [2]. Quntittive estimtion ws ontrol. The verge men vlues of GPT tivity (IU) in done y using spetrophotometer nd in-lyer rts were ±.59; 83.3 ±3.32 nd ±2.06 in C, T hromtogrphy (TLC) y following e meod of nd T 2 groups respetively (Tle ). The verge men Nney nd Nesitt [22]. At e end of experiment e vlue of GPT tivity of ontrol rts differed signifintly lood ws olleted wi ll septi preutions nd (P<0.05 nd 0.0) wi tretment T nd 2dietry levels. In possile re. All e olleted smples of lood were e present study fltoxin B inreses GOT nd GPT nlysed to study e following iohemil onstituents tivity while Ksni suppressed GOT nd GPT tivity of e lood. The GPT nd GOT were olorimetrilly indued y fltoxin B. The verge men vlues of ALP estimted s per e meod of Reitmnn nd Frnkel [23] tivity (units/00ml) in rts were 57.6 ±2.45; ±.65; s desried y Woottn [24]. The lkline phosphtse ±.28 in ontrol, T nd T 2 groups respetively. tivity (ALP) ws estimted y e meod of Bodnsky The verge men vlues of tretments groups were s desried y Hwk [25]. The totl serum protein (TP) signifintly (p<0.05 nd 0.0) different wi eh oer. ws monitored y Biuret meod of Reinhold [26]. Inrement in T 2 is less n T. The verge men vlues The estimtion of lumin done y e meod given y of totl protein nd lumin (g/00ml) were 6.60 ±0.27; Oser [27]. The holesterol level in lood ws estimted y 4.06 ±0.3; 5.28 ±0.27 nd 4.77 ±0.4; 3. ±0.07; following e meod of Wyeng nd Pileggi [28]. The 3.74 ±0.3 in C, T nd T respetively (Tle ). 27

3 Tle : Am-Eurs. J. Toxiol. Si., (): 26-3, 2009 Chnges in hepti enzymes nd oer lood onstituents in ontrol, fltoxin B nd fltoxin B +Ksni (Cihorium intyus linn.) treted white lino rts. Men wi different supersripts in olumn differ signifintly (P<0.05 nd P < 0.0). Eh group hs ree sugroups hving six rts eh nd dt re e men of four replites, S.E.M GOT GPT ALP TP Alumin Cholesterol Gluose BUN Groups (I.U.) (I.U.) (Units/00ml) (g/00ml) (g/00ml) (mg/00ml) (mg/00ml) (%) Control (C) 56.80± ± ± ± ± ± ±.53.00± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.48.60± ± ± ± ± ± ±.57 Men±S.E.M ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.8.27 ±.67 Tretment (T ) 04.00± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.52 Men±S.E.M..20 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.60 Tretment (T 2) 0.80± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.66 Men±S.E.M ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±.0 Body Weight (gm)±s.e.m C T T2 Feed Intke (gm)±s.e.m Dys Fig. : Time ourse of ody weight (gm) in rts. Results re expressed s men±s.e.m. =p<0.05 Vs Dys Fig. 2: Time ourse of feed intke (gm) in rts. Results re expressed s men±s.e.m. =p<0.05 Vs The present investigtion showed t ere ws oer. Afltoxin B is responsile for e toxiity oserved signifint (P<0.05nd 0.0) redution in totl protein nd in groups fed on diet T nd T 2 s shown y e inrese lumin in T wi Control. In Ksni treted group T2 in serum enzymes. These enzymes re known to e good redution in totl protein nd lumin is less n T inditors of fltoxin B toxiity [34]. The verge men group. The men vlues of serum holesterol (mg/00 ml) vlue of Gluose (mg/00ml) nd Blood ure nitrogen 49.2 ±2.3; ±.47; ±2. in C, T nd T2whih (BUN) (%) were ±.8; ±.5; ±2.59 re signifintly (P<0.05nd 0.0) different wi eh nd.27 ±.67; ±.60; ±.0 in C nd T nd 28 C T T2

4 Am-Eurs. J. Toxiol. Si., (): 26-3, 2009 Fig. 3: Glutione-S-Trnsferse (nmol/mg protein+s.e.m C T T2 C, T nd T2, represents mesurement of glutione-s-trnsferse (nmol/mg proteins) in rts. Results re expressed s men±s.e.m. =p<0.0 Vs, =p<0.0 Vs C T T2 T 2 respetively (Tle ). Enhnement in e level of ould indue muttion. However, fltoxin B-dihydrodiol gluose nd lood ure nitrogen on feeding diet ontins ould e rpidly onjugted y UDPGT nd glutionefltoxin B ws oserved in rts. Ksni in T 2group s-trnsferse, whih inresed in e groups, fed on suppressed e enhned tivity of gluose nd BUN. Ksni. Conjugtion to gluuroni id nd glutione vi Inresing trend in GPT, GOT, ALP, holesterol, BUN nd UDPGT nd glutione-s-trnsferse respetively hs deresing trends in totl protein nd lumin reported y een estlished s n importnt pwy in e. vrious workers in lino rts nd in oer speies [,35] detoxifition nd exretion of toxi metolites of Moundip nd Domngng [36] reported sme type of fltoxin B [42]. The level of GOT, GPT nd ALP in T2 degrdtion in fltoxiosis on feeding fltoxin B wi groups fter e tretment, suggest e possile solnum nigrum in femle rts. In 999 Hyshi et l. [37] importne of Ksni in induing exretion of e toxin. reported t hlorophyllin lso hve ntirinogeni tivity ginst fltoxiosis. The tivity of glutione- CONCLUSION s-trnsferse (Fig 3) ws higher in T nd T 2 groups s ompred wi ontrol. The tivity of is enzyme On e ses of results it my e onluded t inresed y out 42% in T nd 48% in e T 2 group fltoxin B resulted in derese in totl protein nd ompred wi ontrol group. The oservtions of e lumin nd inrese in GOT, GPT, ALP, Gluose, BUN present study reveled t e results of tretment T nd holesterol. The improvement in glutione-snd T 2 differ signifintly (P<0.05nd 0.0) wi ontrol trnsferse ws oserved in Ksni treted rts T 2 group, groups. The tivity of hepti UDPGT ws depressed in whih helps in exretion of fltoxin from ody. However mle rts given low protein, energy restrited diet nd toxiity oserved in treted group even wi e ddition ytohrome-p450 ws depressed y low protein d of Ksni ould e due to insuffiient level of Ksni. These li energy diet [38]. The hepti eletron trnsport dignosti tools will e enefiil to ontrol fltoxiosis. omponent nd e glyogen ontent of femle rt liver Furer studies re needed in is diretion. lowered y restriting food y 50% while restrition food y 25% did not lter e level of eletron trnsport ACKNOWLEDGEMENT omponent [39]. Our findings shown t in Ksni treted groups e level of drug metolizing enzymes were The uors would like to knowledge vlule higher. The metolite fltoxin B-dihydrodiol derived support of Dr. R.P. Singh, Prinipl, Breilly College from epoxide rough e intervention of epoxide Breilly. Dr. P.S. Bedi nd Dr. R.K.Agrwl, Ex.Hed, hydrtse n enzyme whose tivity hs een shown to Deprtment of Chemistry, Breilly College, Breilly, (Uttr inrese in femle rts fter hroni dministrtion of Prdesh). fltoxin B [40]. This metolite hs prole role in e toxiity of fltoxin B sine its reltive prodution y e REFERENCES mirosomes from vrious speies prllels eir in vivo suseptiilities to fltoxin B poisoning [4]. Alough. Bht, R.V., V. Ngrjn nd P.G. Tulpule, 978. epoxide hydrtse yields is toxi metolites, it lso Hel hzrds of myotoxins in Indi. New Delhi, prevents e formtion of AFB-DNA dduts, whih Indi, Indin Counil of Medil Reserh., pp:

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