Egg Production and Calcium-Phosphorus Utilization of Laying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Phytase Alone or in Combination with Organic Acid

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene (3): 8-89, 202 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 202 Egg Prodution nd Clium-Phosphorus Utiliztion of Lying Hens Fed Diets Supplemented with Phytse Alone or in Comintion with Orgni Aid 2 Mustf Sri, Ahmet G. Önol, Mehmet Dskirn nd Özn Cengiz Deprtment of Animl Nutrition nd Nutritionl Diseses, Veterinry Fulty, Adnn Menderes University, 0906, Aydin, Turkey Johnson & Johnson Corporte Siene nd Tehnology, 40 George Street, New Brunswik, NJ, USA, Astrt: An experiment ws onduted to determine the effets of dietry orgni id nd phytse supplementtion on performne nd lium nd phosphorus utiliztion in lying hens. Two hundred 23- wk-old Brown Nik lyers were rndomly lloted into 50 ges (42 x 50 m) eh ontining 4 irds. Eh dietry tretment hd 5 replitions nd eh replition omprised two djent ges. Corn-soyen mel sed rtions were used. Five dietry tretments were formed s followed: () sl rtion with no supplementl P (negtive ontrol, NC) (2750 kl ME/kg, 7% CP, 0.34% totl P, 3.8% C), (2) sl rtion supplemented with dilium phosphte (.4%) (positive ontrol, PC), (3) sl rtion supplemented with 0.035% phytse (ZY Phytse II-5, NC+P), (4) sl rtion supplemented with.0% orgni id (Slstop SD, NC+OA) nd (5) sl rtion supplemented with oth 0.035% phytse nd.0% orgni id (NC+POA). Wter nd feed were provided for d liitum onsumption nd lighting progrm of 6 h light : 8 h drk ws pplied throughout the study. NC tretment resulted in ody weights tht were lower (p<0.05) thn those of hens fed diets supplemented with phytse, orgni id, or oth. Hens fed diets supplemented with dilium phosphte, phytse nd orgni id nd phytse hd higher egg prodution (p<0.00) (9.3, 86. nd 93.7% respetively) ompred to hens fed either sl diet (78.5%) or sl diet with orgni id supplementtion (78.6%). Additionlly, the unsupplemented or orgni id supplemented diet hd lower FI nd higher FCR (p<0.0). Hen tii sh nd serum lium levels were not ffeted y the dietry tretments wheres diets supplemented with dilium phosphte, phytse nd phytse + orgni id hd higher (p<0.0) serum inorgni phosphorus. The results of this study indite tht dietry phytse improves P utiliztion in orn-soyen mel sed diets with no supplementl P nd idifition of gstrointestinl trt my further improve this utiliztion. Key words: Lying hen, orgni id, phytse, egg prodution nd qulity, lium-phosphorus utiliztion INTRODUCTION Phosphorus (P) is n essentil minerl for metolism nd egg prodution of lying hens. In ddition to this, with lium (C) it hs mjor role in the formtion nd mintenne of one (Underwood nd Suttle, 999; Wldroup et l., 2000). Furthermore, P is the third most expensive omponent of poultry diets fter energy nd mino ids. Plnt origin feedstuffs ontin high proportion of poultry feeds euse they re heper thn their niml ounterprts. However, pproximtely two-thirds of P in plnt origin feedstuffs is poorly digested euse it is in the form of Phyti Aid (PA), whih is poorly hydrolyzed y poultry, s they do not hve suffiient mounts of phytse enzyme tht hydrolyses PA (Bedford, 2000). Beuse of the low ility of lying hens to hydrolyze PA-ound P, inorgni P soures, whih re ostly re dded to diets for stisfying the P need of irds. This resulted in inresed ost of feeding (Selle nd Rvindrn, 2007). Thus, it is neessry to optimize the utiliztion of P y poultry to redue the ost of feeding. Cerel sed poultry diets supplemented with miroil phytse result in inresed digestiility nd vilility of phytte ound P, C, zin nd opper. There re numer of ftors ffeting phytte hydrolysis, suh s dietry C, inorgni P nd vitmin D3 levels nd the ge nd genotype of irds, there is wide disgreement onerning the ility of poultry to utilize phytte P. Furthermore, ler enefits hve een shown in terms of inresed vilility of phytte-ound minerls nd rude protein nd redued environmentl pollution through lower levels of P nd nitrogen exretion (Singh, 2008). Studies sujeting the influene of miroil phytse in the digestive trt of poultry reveled tht its mximum tivity ould e rehed t low ph vlues. Adding Orgni Aid (OA) to feed n lower the gstri ph (Grrido et l., 2004). The orgni ids like itri id n redue the ph of the digest, whih n then result Corresponding Author: Özn Cengiz, Deprtment of Animl Nutrition nd Nutritionl Diseses, Veterinry Fulty, Adnn Menderes University, 0906, Aydin, Turkey 8

2 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 in inresed dissoition etween PA nd minerls (Menz et l., 999) nd inresed tivity of most phytses, whih express their optiml tivity t low ph (Simon nd Igsn, 2002). Low gstri ph elertes the onversion of pepsinogen to pepsin, whih improves the sorption rte of proteins, mino ids nd minerls (Omogenigun et l., 2003; Youn et l., 2005). In this respet, some reserhers studied potentil enefiil effets of orgni ids (espeilly itri id) on the effiy of miroil phytse preprtions in pigs nd roiler hikens (Li et l., 998; Brenes et l., 2003). There is limited report to dte of suh study in lying hen. The effiy of phytse on performne nd C nd P digestiility in lyers fed orn nd soyen-sed diet hs een well estlished y Lim et l. (2003), Pnd et l. (2005) nd Wu et l. (2006). However, there is still little informtion ville on whether omintion of phytse with orgni ids n improve the vilility of phytte P in lying hens. Therefore the ojetive of the urrent study ws to determine lone or omined effet of dietry OA nd miroil phytse supplementtion on performne, digestiility of C, P nd minerliztion prmeters of tii one in lyer hens nd its effet on effiy of miroil phytse in orn-soyen diets with low ville P level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bird mngement: A totl of 200 Brown Nik lyer hens t 23 wk of ge were lloted rndomly into 5 tretments, with 5 replites per tretment nd 8 lyers per replite. All irds were housed in 3-lyered ges 2 (525 m /ird) nd offered feed nd wter d liitum. Eh dietry tretment hd 5 replitions nd eh replition omprised of two djent ges (42 x 50 m). During the experimentl period, irds reeived 6 h/d of mnipulted lighting nd ventiltion t nturl mient temperture of 20 to 25 C. Egg prodution nd helth sttus of lyers were oserved s the djustment period for wk efore the experiment ommened. The experimentl diets were fed for 20 wk (Deemer to April). Experimentl irds were hndled with re to void unneessry disomfort nd experiment ws pproved y the Adnn Menderes University, Animl Cre nd Use Committee. Experimentl diets: The sl diet ontined 7.0% CP nd 2,750 kl/kg of ME (Tle ). Other nutrients followed NRC (994) reommendtions. The experiment ws performed with 5 dietry tretments: () sl diet with no supplementl P (NC) (2750 kl ME/kg, 7% CP, 0.34% totl P, 3.8% C), (2) sl diet supplemented with dilium phosphte (.4%) (PC), (3) sl diet supplemented with 0.035% (500 FYT phytse/kg feed) phytse (ZY Phytse II-5 ontins 500 FYT 6-phytse in eh g), (NC+P) (4) sl diet Tle : Nutrient omposition of sl diet Ingredients (%) Corn Soyen mel Ground limestone 9.80 Slt (NCl) 0.35 Vitmin premix* 0.25 Tre minerl premix** 0.20 DL-Methionine 0.0 Chemil omposition (Clulted) Metolizle energy, kl/kg Crude protein, % 7.00 Clium, % 3.80 Totl phosphorus % 0.34 Aville P, % 0. *Eh 2.5 kg of vitmin premix ontined; IU vitmin A, IU vitmin D3, mg vitmin E, mg vitmin K3, mg vitmin B, mg vitmin B2, mg niin, mg lium D-pntotheni, 8000 mg vitmin B6, 30 mg vitmin B2, 000 mg foli id, 50 mg D-iotin, mg vitmin C. **Eh 2 kg of minerl premix ontined; mg mngnese, mg iron, mg zin, mg opper, 300 mg olt, mg iodine, 50 mg selenium, mg olin hloride supplemented with.0% orgni id (Slstop SD), (NC+OA) nd (5) sl diet supplemented with oth 0.035% phytse nd.0% orgni id (NC+POA). Adjustment of Pv ws mde y using dilium phosphte nd the OA ws ommeril produt, Slstop (Impextro NV, Wiekevorstsesteenweg 38 - B 2220 Heist-Op-Den-Berg), whih ontined mg propioni id, mg formi id, mg eti id, 4 00 mg sori id, mg mmonium propionte, mg ortofosfori id, mg lmond fvour in eh kg. Tretments 3 nd 5 ontined 0.035% of phytse (ZY Phytse II-5, Lohmnn Animl Helth GmH & Co KG D Cuxhven - Germny) in diet. Dilium phosphte, phytse nd orgni id were supplemented to diets with replement of orn, soy en mel nd limestone. The feeds were mixed t 4-d intervls to mintin stility. Mesurements ph vlue of experimentl feeds: Feed smples tken from experimentl tretments were homogenized with deionized wter fter stirred on mgneti mixer for 0 mins. Then ph vlue of feed smples were determined ording to method of Thompson nd Hinton (997) y using ph meter (Mettler Toledo, MP 20). Produtivity: To evlute produtivity, hen-dy egg prodution (numer of eggs/numer of live irds x 00), hen-housed egg prodution (numer of eggs/numer of irds housed x 00), egg weight, soft-shell plus roken eggs, Feed Intke (FI), Feed Conversion Rtio (FCR) nd mortlity were mesured. Egg prodution ws mesured every dy fter egg olletion. The men egg 82

3 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 weight ws mesured y the weekly verge weight of eggs, exluding norml eggs (soft-shell plus roken eggs). The FI ws mesured one per week (FI = supply quntity - reminder). The FCR ws lulted y the grms of FI per dozen eggs. Egg prodution, FI nd FCR were lulted ording to deth ird numer. To evlute egg weight, eggshell weight nd thikness, eggs were rndomly olleted nd wited t room temperture for 24 h efore mesurements. The mesurements were tken one per 2 week, 0 times in totl (2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 nd 20 wk). Eggshell thikness ws mesured using guge (Mitutoy, Dil Thikness Gge No: 7360, ±0.0 mm). Digestiility tril: At the end of the feeding tril (42th week), 0 irds from eh tretments (50 irds totlly) were rndomly seleted nd pled into individul ges for digestiility tril. Similr environmentl irumstnes with feeding tril were provided in digestiility tril. Hens were fsted for 6 h fter 2 d of dpttion period. Experimentl diets were offered d liitum for 4 d. Hens were gin fsted for 6 h to unlod the digestive trt. Fees ws olleted in every 48 h y using luminum ppers pled on metl trys. Fel smples were weighed nd dried t 60 C nd then they were grinded with 0.5 mm pore filter to homogenize. Smples were kept in nylon gs t 4 C efore nlysis. FI, BW nd egg prodution of hens were reorded dily. Hens with egg prodution less thn 4/7 d were disrded in dpttion nd experimentl periods. Digestiility of C nd P were lulted y using differenes of their mounts in feed nd fees. Determintion of C nd P levels in lood serum: Blood smples from V. Suutne Ulnris were tken from 0 irds from eh tretment followed y digestiility tril. The sorne of the mixture ws red ginst distilled wter t 59 nm with Phrmi Ultrospe 2000 spetrophotometer. Serum C nd P levels were determined y using sepetrophotometry with ommeril kits (Rndox Lortories Ltd., Clium REF CA 590, Inorgni phosphorus REF PH 06). Determintion of tii sh: At the end of digestiility tril, hens were killed y ervil dislotion nd their left tii were olleted for one sh determintion. Tii were pooled y replite pens, utolved nd ll dhering tissue ws removed. Bones were dried for 24 h t 00 C, weighed nd then dryshed for 24 h in muffle furne t 600 C. Ash weight of the tii ws expressed s perentge of dry one weight nd s milligrms per tii (Chung nd Bker, 990). Dry mtter, rude sh, totl C nd P (%) in experimentl diets, fees nd tii smples were determined ording to the AOAC (2003) proedure. C nlysis ws performed ording to Eppendorph-Miroliter method nd inorgni P nlysis ws rried out ordne with the method of Younurg (Ersoy nd Bysu, 98) y using spetrophotometer. Clultion nd sttistil nlysis: C nd P exretion (kg/t of feed onsumed) determintion ws sed on the nlyzed C nd P ontent of the fees nd ws lulted s: C or P in fees (%) x [ kg of diet - ( kg of diet x DM digestiility of diet)] Dt were nlyzed s ompletely rndomized design using the GLM proedures of SAS, 2002 (SAS Inst., In., Cry, NC). When signifint F-vlue for tretment mens (p<0.05) ws oserved in the ANOVA, tretment mens were ompred with Dunn s multiple rnge test (Dunn, 955). RESULTS Dt for BW re summrized in Tle 2. The results of this study suggest tht initil BW of lying hens t 23 wk of ge ws found similr etween tretments. BW of irds fed diet ontining 0.0% Pv (NC) were lower thn PC, NC+P nd NC+POA irds (p<0.05). Moreoever men BW of irds ws not signifint mong tretments NC nd NC+OA with sme Pv level nd PC nd NC+OA with different Pv level. Mortlity results re given in Tle 2. On dy 42, mortlity rte ws reorded s 32.5% in tretments with no phytse supplementtion nd ontining 0.0% Pv nd tretment with OA. The dt for egg performne, FI nd FCR re presented in Tle 3. In the present study, DCP nd phytse ddition to NC diet improved egg performne (p<0.00), FI (p<0.00) nd FCR (p<0.05) signifintly. Egg performne, FI nd FCR were found similr in NC nd NC+OA tretments with equl Pv levels. On the other hnd, dietry OA supplementtion did not llevite the performne-depressive effets of low Pv level in diets. As seen in Tle 3, inlusion of phytse nd OA to low Pv diet improved egg performne, FI nd FCR when ompred to NC tretment (p<0.00). Egg performne urve of the tretments re shown in Fig.. Egg performne of irds in NC tretment ws initilly reorded s 58.6%, then rehed to pik level of 89.42% nd dropped s % from 37 to 42 weeks of ge. Derese in egg performne of NC tretment formed n irregulr urve in the study. Men egg weight, egg shell weight nd egg shell thikness re summrized in Tle 4. When ompred to NC tretment, egg weight ws inresed signifintly with dietry phytse supplementtion. Moreover, men egg shell weight djusted for egg weight in NC+P were lso lower thn egg shell weights in NC tretment (p<0.05) (Tle 4). 83

4 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 Tle 2: Men Body Weight (BW, g) nd mortlity rte (%) of tretments in experimentl period (n = 25) BW Mortlity Tretments 23 week 33 week 42 week week week week NC PC NC+OA NC+P NC+POA SEM P Contrsts NC x NC+OA NS * NS PC x NC+OA NS NS NS NC x NC+P NS * ** PC x NC+P NS NS NS NC x NC+POA NS *** ** PC x NC+POA NS NS NS, Mens within tretment nd olumn with different supersripts differ signifintly (p<0.05). NS: Not signifint t p>0.05; *p<0.05, **p<0.0, ***p<0.00. Tretments: NC = Negtive Control; PC = Positive Control; NC+OA = Negtive Control + Orgni Aids; NC+P = Negtive Control + Phytse; NC+POA = Negtive Control + Phytse nd Orgni Aids Tle 3: Men egg performne (%) nd feed intke (g/dy-hen) feed onversion rtio (feed, kg/ dozen egg) of tretments in experimentl period (n = 25) Period wks wks Overll wks wks Overll wks wks Overll Tretments Egg performne Feed intke Feed onversion rtio NC e PC NC+OA d NC+P NC+POA SEM P Contrsts NC x NC+OA NS NS * NS ** NS PC x NC+OA *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** NC x NC+P ** *** *** * ** *** ** ** PC x NC+P 0.05 ** *** *** *** NS NS NS NC x NC+POA ** *** *** * *** *** NS ** PC x NC+POA ** ** *** * *** *** NS NS NS,,,d Mens within tretment nd olumn with different supersripts differ signifintly (p<0.05). NS: Not signifint t p>0.05; *p<0.05, **p<0.0.***p<0.00. Tretments: NC = Negtive Control; PC = Positive Control; NC+OA = Negtive Control + Orgni Aids; NC+P = Negtive Control + Phytse; NC+POA = Negtive Control + Phytse nd Orgni Aids The dt for digestiility tril re shown in Tle 5. NC+POA tretment ws lower when ompred to PC Phytse nd/or OA supplementtion to diets with 0.% tretment (Tle 5). Pv hd no signifint effet on C nd P utiliztion. Furthermore, serum C level ws not ffeted from DISCUSSION dietry P level or phytse nd/or OA supplementetion The results of the urrent study indite tht initil BW of (Tle 5). Serum inorgni P level ws inresed lying hens t 23 wk of ge ws similr mong the (p<0.0) with dietry phytse supplementtion wheres tretments (Tle 2). BW of irds fed orn-soy sed OA ddition did not effet. Serum inorgni P level ws diet ontining 0.0 % Pv (NC) were lower thn PC, found similr in PC, NC+P nd NC+POA tretments. NC+P nd NC+POA irds (p<0.05). This finding is Bone rude sh nd one C-P levels re given in Tle similr with previous studies (Boling et l., 2000; 5. Phytse nd/or OA supplementtion to diets with 0.% 2000; Punn nd Rolnd, 999; Vn Der Klis et l., Pv did not effet one sh or one C nd P level. Bone 997) whih were demonstrted positive effets of sh nd P level in NC+OA tretment nd P level in dietry phytse supplementtion on BW gin of lying 84

5 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 Fig. : Egg performne urves of tretments Tle 4: Men egg weight (g) nd egg shell weight (g) egg shell thikness (mm) of tretments in experimentl period (n = 25) Period wks wks Overll wks wks Overll wks wks Overll Tretment Egg weight Egg shell weight Egg shell thikness NC PC NC+OA d NC+P NC+POA d SEM P Contrsts NC x NC+OA * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS PC x NC+OA NS NS * ** NS ** NS NS NC x NC+P NS ** ** NS NS * NS NS * PC x NC+P * NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NC x NC+POA NS NS NS NS NS NS NS * PC x NC+POA NS * * NS * NS NS NS,,,d Mens within tretment nd olumn with different supersripts differ signifintly (p<0.05). NS: Not signifint t p>0.05; *p<0.05, **p<0.0. Tretments: NC = Negtive Control; PC = Positive Control; NC+OA = Negtive Control + Orgni Aids; NC+P = Negtive Control + Phytse; NC+POA = Negtive Control + Phytse nd Orgni Aids hens. Similr results for BW were lso reorded with higher thn 0.% Pv or itri id supplemented dietry phytse ddition to diets ontining 0.% Pv t tretments. Moreover, it ws lso suggested tht 35 wk (Keshvrz, 2003) nd 42 wk of ge (Keshvrz, ddition of fumri id (Vogt et l., 98) or ommeril 2000). orgni id lend (Prk et l., 2002; Yesilg, 2003) to Men BW of irds ws not signifint mong tretments diets with suffiient Pv hd no signifint effet on BW. NC nd NC+OA with sme Pv level nd PC nd NC+OA On dy 42, mortlity rte ws reorded s 32.5% in with different Pv level. Similry, Boling et l. (2000) tretments with no phytse supplementtion nd found no signifint effet of -4% itri id ontining 0.0% Pv (NC) nd tretment with OA supplementtion in lying hen diets ontining 0.% Pv. (NC+OA). Mortlity in these tretments were strted t 30 However, BW of irds fed diets with 0.45% Pv ws nd 3 wk of ge nd ontinued to end of the 85

6 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 Tle 5: C nd P digestiility (%), lood serum (mg/dl) nd one (%) C nd P levels of tretments (n = 25) Digestiility Blood serum Bone Tretments Clium Phosphorus Clium Phosphorus Crude sh Clium Phosphorus NC PC NC+OA NC+P NC+POA SEM P Contrsts NC x NC+OA NS NS NS NS NS NS NS PC x NC+OA NS NS NS ** * NS * NC x NC+P NS NS NS ** NS NS NS PC x NC+P NS * NS NS NS NS NC x NC+POA NS NS NS * NS NS NS PC x NC+POA NS * NS NS * NS **,, Mens within tretment nd olumn with different supersripts differ signifintly (p<0.05). NS: Not signifint t p>0.05; *p<0.05, **p<0.0.***p<0.00. Tretments: NC = Negtive Control; PC = Positive Control; NC+OA = Negtive Control + Orgni Aids; NC+P = Negtive Control + Phytse; NC+POA = Negtive Control + Phytse nd Orgni Aids experimentl period. Moreover, dietry phytse Inlusion of phytse nd OA improved egg performne, supplementtion redued mortlity rte signifintly FI nd FCR when ompred to NC tretment (p<0.00). (Tle 2). This result is in onsistent with the previous Besides, similr results were gthered from PC nd findings (mortlity rtes of 2.5, 55, - 22, 24% NC+POA tretments. Dietry phytse or phytse plus OA respetively) of Gordon nd Rolnd (997), Punn nd improved egg performne, FI nd FCR. Furthermore, Rolnd (999), Boling et l. (2000), Jll nd this positive effet ws more ler in tretments with Sheideler (200) nd Keshvrz (2003) whih ws phytse plus OA. suggested tht high mortlity rtes in low Pv tretments Derese in egg performne of NC tretment formed (0.0%) meliorted with dietry phytse n irregulr reduement urve in the study (Fig. ). The supplementtion in lying hens. Beuse of high results for egg performne of NC t wks is mortlity rte t initil lying period (2 wk) some similr to findings of Punn nd Rolnd (999) nd Vn studies were terminted t 39 (Punn nd Rolnd, Der Klis et l. (997). The egg performne urve for 999) or 42 wk (Boling et l., 2000) of ge. NC+OA tretment with sme Pv level ws more Dietry DCP nd phytse inlusion to NC diet hd regulr. Differene for egg performne urve etween positive effets on egg performne (p<0.00), FI NC nd NC+OA tretments might e due to differene in (p<0.00) nd FCR (p<0.05) (Tle 3). These results re numer of irds from sme tretment whih ws in greement with the previous studies whih reported used y sudden deths or ge lyer ftigue like tht dietry phytse supplementtion improve egg symptoms of hens exposed to P defiieny. performne (Gordon nd Rolnd, 997; Vn Der Klis et Egg weight ws inresed signifintly with dietry l., 997; Punn nd Rolnd, 999; Boling et l., 2000; phytse supplementtion when ompred to NC Boling et l., 2000; Keshvrz, 2000; Keshvrz, 2003) tretment (Tle 4). Similrly, Vn Der Klis et l. (997), nd FI (Gordon nd Rolnd, 998; Vn Der Klis et l., Gordon nd Rolnd (998) nd Punn nd Rolnd 997; Punn nd Rolnd, 999; Keshvrz, 2003) of (999) reported n inrese with dietry ddition of hens in erly lying period. phytse in egg weight of hens fed diets with 0.% Pv Egg performne, FI nd FCR were similr in NC nd level. On the ontrry, it ws lso suggested tht dietry NC+OA tretments with equl Pv levels. Dietry OA phytse supplementtion to diets with low Pv level did supplementtion did not meliorte the negtive effets not ffet egg weight of lying hens t erly (Gordon nd of low Pv level in diets. Similr to this, Boling et l. Rolnd, 997; Vn Der Klis et l., 997; Crlos nd (2000) lso reported tht itri id supplementtion to Edwrds, 998), mid (Jll nd Sheideler, 200) nd lying hen diets did not ffet egg performne nd lte (Crlos nd Edwrds, 998; Sott et l., 999; FCR. This result ws onfirmed y other reserhers Boling et l., 2000; Sott et l., 2000) lying periods. In (Vogt et l., 98; Ylin et l., 2000; Prk et l., 2002; ddition, Keshvrz (2000) reorded n inrese in egg Yesilg, 2003) tht dietry OA ddition hd no weight of lyer hens fed diets with different Pv levels dditionl effet on egg performne, FI nd FCR in from 54 to 66 wk of ge nd no effet from 30 to 42 nd tretments with suffiient Pv level. 42 to 54 wk of ge. Our results lso show tht egg 86

7 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 weight ws not ffeted signifintly from dietry OA A numer of ftors inluding lyer reed (Keshvrz, supplementtion nd men egg weight in NC+OA ws 2003), ge/lying period (Leske nd Coon, 999), C lower thn egg weight reorded in PC tretment (Vn Der Klis et l., 997; Leske nd Coon, 999) nd (p<0.05). This result ws onfirmed with the findings of Pv (Leske nd Coon, 999; Keshvrz, 2003) level of Boling et l. (2000) who pointed out tht itri id diet, dose nd omposition of enzyme supplementtion inlusion did not ffet egg weight in tretments hd (Sheurmnn et l., 988) nd usge of purified diets 0.% Pv wheres egg weights were found higher in sed on orn nd soyen mel re ritil on phytte tretments with 0.45% Pv in their study. This might e hydrolysis, P retention nd exretion in lying hens. ttriuted to inresed egg performne in NC+POA Serum C level ws not ffeted from dietry P level or tretment whih my e resulted in lightweight egg. phytse nd/or OA supplementetion (Tle 5). In Men egg shell weight djusted for egg weight in NC+P onsistent with this, Crlos nd Edwrds (998) notied were reorded lower thn egg shell weights in NC tht dietry phytse supplementtion to 0.% Pv diets tretment (p<0.05) (Tle 4). On the ontrry, phytse did not effet plsm C level in different lying periods. supplementtion to diets ontining 0.% Pv inresed On the other hnd, Collzos et l. (2004) found n (Gordon nd Rolnd, 998) or did not ffet (Sott et l., inrese (p<0.05) in plsm C level with phytse 2000) men egg shell weight. It ws found tht egg shell supplementtion to diets ontining rie nd orn rn thikness of NC ws lower (p<0.05) thn egg shell (2.58 nd 2.56% C nd 0.35 nd 0.34% Pv thikness mesured in NC+P nd NC+POA tretments. respetively). Serum inorgni P level ws inresed OA ddition did not ffet egg shell thikness mong (p<0.0) with dietry phytse supplementtion wheres tretments. It ws previously indited tht fumri id OA ddition did not effet. Serum inorgni P level ws (Vogt et l., 98), lti id (Ylin et l., 2000) nd found similr in PC, NC+P nd NC+POA tretments. In ommeril OA lend supplementtion (Yesilg, 2003) prllel to this, phytse supplementtion to orn to diets did not ffet egg shell thikness, wheres soyen mel sed diets with 0.% Pv (Crlos nd propioni id ddition deresed this vrile (Vogt et Edwrds, 998) or rie nd orn rn sed diets with l., 98). Nevertheless, there ws no signifint 0.33 nd 0.34% Pv (Collzos et l., 2004) inresed differene mong PC nd NC+OA, NC+P, NC+POA plsm P level signifintly. tretments. In similr studies, it ws lso notied tht Phytse nd/or OA supplementtion to diets with 0.% dietry phytse supplementtion to diets with 0.% Pv Pv did not effet one sh or one C nd P level. Bone hd no (Vn Der Klis et l., 997; Jll nd Sheideler, sh nd P level in NC+OA tretment nd P level in 200; Keshvrz, 2003) or positive (Gordon nd Rolnd, NC+POA tretment ws lower when ompred to PC 997; 998; Keshvrz, 2000) effet on egg shell qulity. tretment (Tle 5). Severl reserhers (Gordon nd Different results for egg shell weight nd thikness Rolnd, 997; Vn Der Klis et l., 997; Crlos nd etween tretments might e rise due to low egg Edwrds, 998; Gordon nd Rolnd, 998; Punn nd performne in NC tretment. Rolnd, 999; Boling et l., 2000; Keshvrz, 2003) Digestiility tril showed tht phytse nd/or OA demonstrted positive effets on one qulity supplementtion to diets with 0.% Pv hd no hrteristis with phytse supplementtion to low P signifint effet on C nd P utiliztion. In prllel to (0.% Pv) diets. Opposite to this finding, Jll nd this, Vn Der Klis et l. (997) nd Crlos nd Edwrds Sheideler (200) found lower one sh level in groups (998) lso found no signifint effet on C nd P treted with phytse. They lso reported tht their result utiliztion with dietry phytse supplementtion to might e used y phosphorus defiieny whih tretments with low Pv (0.%). resulted in higher one phosphorus retention Previously, it ws suggested tht determintion of (preventtive mehnism). Different results mong dietry phytse effiy on C nd P utiliztion is diffiult studies my e ttriuted to some ftors inluding ge while phytse ws supplemented to orn-soyen mel nd reed of hens, level of P feeding in pre-experimentl sed diet ontining 0.% Pv (Crlos nd Edwrds, period. Commonly, it ws demonstrted tht one sh 998; Boling et l., 2000; Keshvrz, 2000; Jll nd (Boling et l., 2000; Keshvrz, 2000), one minerl Sheideler, 200; Keshvrz, 2003). On the ontrry, ontent, one density (Gordon nd Rolnd, 997; Punn Leske nd Coon (999) found signifint improvement nd Rolnd, 999) nd one strength (Gordon nd on phytte hydrolysis nd totl P retention with dietry Rolnd, 997) ws not ffeted from diets with Pv level phytse ddition to non-phosphorus purified diets of diets higher thn 0.5% in different lying periods. omposed of different feedstuffs (orn, soy en mel, Similr to our findings, Vogt et l. (98) did not find ny non-ft rie rn). Moreover, positive effet of phytse signifint differene for tii weight nd tii sh in supplementtion is demonstrted with the inrese in group fed suffiient Pv level diets supplemented with 2% Pv of diet (Um nd Pik, 999; Keshvrz, 2000; Jll fumri id. nd Sheideler, 200; Keshvrz, 2003; Collzos et l., On the sis of these results, phytse supplementtion 2004). to diets ontining 0.% Pv hve positive effets on 87

8 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 oserved vriles nd omintion of phytse with OA Collzos, H., J. Grndos nd D. Pierngord, in low Pv diets inresed this effet signifintly. More, these findings re similr to tht oserved with 0.45% Pv diets reommended y NRC (994). Synergeti effet of phytse nd OA might e result of inresed phytte hydrolysis y OA inlusion. Further reserh should foused on lrifying the mehnism of (determintion of feed nd gstrointestinl ph levels in different prt of digestive system, dding different level or omposition of phytse, feeding diets with Pv level higher thn 0.%) un-expeted positive effet of OA nd phytse omintion. Future work my lso provide more eonomi rtion formultion with prevention of P pollution with exret. On the other hnd, it my lso ensure io-seured prodution of niml protein with prevention of residues y using nturl feed dditives suh s enzymes nd orgni ids. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The finnil support of Sientifi nd Tehnologil Reserh Institute of Turkey (TUBITAK) to reserh projet (VHAG-87, 0V08) is knowledged. REFERENCES AOAC, Offiil Methods of Anlysis. 7th Edn., Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemist, Wshington, DC. Bedford, M.R., Exogenous enzymes in monogstri nutrition-their urrent vlue nd future enefits. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol., 86: -3. Boling, S.D., M.W. Dougls, J.L. Snow, C.M. Prsons nd D.H. Bker, Citri id does not improve phosphorus utiliztion in lying hens fed ornsoyen mel diet. Poult. Si., 79: Boling, S.D., M.W. Dougls, M.L. Johnson, C.M. Wng, C.M. Prsons, K.W. Koelkeek nd R.A. Zimmermnt, The effet of dietry ville phosphorus levels nd phytse on performne of young nd older lying hens. Poult. Si., 79: Boling, S.D., M.W. Dougls, R.B. Shirley, C.M. Prsons nd K.W. Koelkeek, The effet of vrious dietry levels of phytse nd ville phosphorus on performne of lying hens. Poult. Si., 79: Brenes, A., A. Viveros, I. Arij, C. Centeno, M. Pizzro nd C. Brvo, The effet of itri id nd miroil phytse on minerl utiliztion in roiler hiks. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol., 0: Crlos, A.B. nd H.M. Edwrds, 998. The effets of,25-dihydroxyholeliferol nd phytse on the nturl phytte phosphorus utiliztion y lying hens. Poult. Si., 77: Chung, T.K. nd D.H. Bker, 990. Phosphorus utiliztion in hiks fed hydrted sodium lium luminosilite. J. Anim. Si., 68: Phytse supplementtion in erels y-produts sed diets nd effets on prodution, eggshell qulity, lium nd phosphorus in lying hens, XXII World s Poultry Congress, June 8-3, Istnul, Turkey, Book of Astrts, 395. Dunn, D.B., 955. Multiple rnge nd multiple F-tests. Biometris, : -42. Eppendorph. Miroliter System, Eppendorf Photometrishen Methoden, Medizin, A.V. 300, M.V. Eppendorf Gerte Methelerit Hinz, GmH. Ersoy, E. nd N. Bysu, 98. Prtik Biyokimy, Veteriner Fkultesi Yyinlri: 372, Ankr Üniversitesi Bsimevi, Ankr. Grrido, M.N., M. Skjervheim, H. Oppegrd nd H. Sorum, Aidified litter enefits the intestinl flor lne of roiler hikens. Appl. Environ. Miroiol., 70: Gordon, R.W. nd D.A. Rolnd, 997. Performne of ommeril lying hens fed vrious phosphorus levels, with nd without supplementl phytse. Poult. Si., 76: Gordon, R.W. nd D.A. Rolnd, 998. Influene of supplementl phytse on lium nd phosphorus utiliztion in lying hens. Poult. Si., 77: Jll, M.A. nd S.E. Sheideler, 200. Effet of supplementtion of two different soures of phytse on egg prodution prmeters in lying hens nd nutrient digestiility. Poult. Si., 80: Keshvrz, K., Nonphytte phosphorus requirement of lying hens with nd without phytse on phse feeding progrm. Poult. Si., 79: Keshvrz, K., The effet of different levels of nonphytte phosphorus with nd without phytse on the performne of four strins of lying hens. Poult. Si., 82: 7-9. Leske, K.L. nd N.C. Coon, 999. A iossy to determine the effet of phytte on phytte phosphorus hydrolysis nd totl phosphorus retention of feed ingredients s determined with roilers nd lying hens. Poult. Si., 78: Li, D., X. Che, Y. Wng, C. Hong nd P.A. Thker, 998. Effet of miroil phytse, vitmin D3 nd itri id on growth performne nd phosphorus, nitrogen nd lium digestiility in growing swine. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol., 73: Lim, H.S., H. Nmkung nd I.K. Pik, Effets of phytse supplementtion on the performne, egg qulity nd phosphorous exretion of lying hens fed different levels of dietry lium nd nonphytte phosphorous. Poult. Si., 82: Menz, D.D., C.M. Engele-Shn, R.W. Newkirk nd H.L. Clssen, 999. The effet of minerls nd minerl heltors on the formtion of phytseresistnt nd phytse-suseptile forms of phyti id in solution nd in slurry of nol mel. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol., 8:

9 Int. J. Poult. Si., (3): 8-89, 202 NRC, 994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Thompson, J.L. nd M. Hinton, 997. Antiteril Edn., Ntl. Ad. Press, Wshington, DC. tivity of formi nd propioni ids in the diet of Omogenigun, F.O., C.M. Nyhoti nd B.A. Slominski, hens on slmonells in the rop. Br. Poult. Si., 38: The effets of supplementing miroil phytse nd orgni ids to orn-soyen sed Um, J.S. nd I.K. Pik, 999. Effets of miroil phytse diet fed to erly-wened pigs. J. Anim. Si., 8: supplementtion on egg prodution, eggshell qulity nd minerl retention of lying hens fed Pnd, A.K., S.V.R. Ro, M.V.L.N. Rju nd S.K. Bhnj, different levels of phosphorus. Poult. Si., 78: Effet of miroil phytse on prodution Underwood, E.J. nd N.F. Suttle, 999. The minerl performne of White Leghorn lyers fed on diet nutrition of livestok. 3rd Edn., CABI, Wllingford, low in non-phytte phosphorus. Br. Poult. Si., 46: Oxon, UK. ISBN: , pp: Vn Der Klis, J.D., H.A.J. Versteegh, P.C.M. Simons nd Prk, J.H., G.H. Prk nd K.S. Ryu, Effet of A.K. Kies, 997. The effiy of phytse in ornfeeding orgni id mixture nd yest ulture on soyen mel-sed diets for lying hens. Poult. performne nd egg qulity of lying hens. Kor. J. Si., 76: Poult. Si., 29: Vogt, H.V., S. Mtthes nd S. Hrnish, 98. The effet Punn, S. nd D.A. Rolnd, 999. Influene of of orgni ids in the rtions on the performnes supplementl miroil phytse on first lying hens of roilers nd lying hens. Arh. Geflugel., 45: 22- fed phosphorus-defiient diets from dy one of ge Poult. Si., 78: Wldroup, P.W., J.H. Kersey, E.A. Sleh, C.A. Fritts nd SAS, SAS User s Guide: Sttistis. SAS Inst. In., F. Yn, Nonphytte phosphorus requirement Cry, NC. nd phosphorus exretion of roiler hiks fed diets Sheurmnn, S.E., H.J. Lntzsh nd K.H. Menke, 988. omposed of norml or high ville phosphte In vitro und in vivo untersuhungen zur hydrolyse orn with nd without miroil phytse. Poult. Si., von phytt iloslihkeit von phytt. J. Anim. Physiol. 79: Anim. Nutr., 60: Wu, G., Z. Liu, M.M. Brynt nd D.A.S.R. Rolnd, Sott, T.A., R. Kmpen nd F.G. Silversides, 999. The Comprison of Ntuphos nd Phyzyme s phytse effet of phosphorus, phytse enzyme nd lium soures for ommeril lyers fed orn-soy diet. on the performne of lyers fed orn-sed diets. Poult. Si., 85: Poult. Si., 78: Ylin, S., S. Ylin, A. Sehu nd K. Srifkiogullri, Sott, T.A., R. Kmpen nd F.G. Silversides, The Yumurt tvugu rsyonlrind lktik sit effet of phosphorus, phytse enzyme nd lium kullniminin zi yumurt klite özelliklerine etkisi. on the performne of lyers fed whet-sed diets. Uluslrrsi Hyvn Besleme Kongresi, Isprt- Cn. J. Anim. Si., 80: Türkiye, pp: Selle, P.H. nd V. Rvindrn, Miroil phytse in Yesilg, D., Tüm tne ugdy içeren yumurt poultry nutrition. Anim. Feed Si. Tehnol., 35:. tvugu rsyonlrind orgnik sidin kullnimi. Simon, O. nd F. Igsn, In vitro properties of Ankr Üniversitesi Sglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü, phytses from vrious miroil origins. Int. J. Food Doktor Tezi. Si. Tehnol., 37: Youn, B.S., K.T. Nm, K.M. Chng, S.G. Hwng nd I.S. Singh, P.K., Signifine of phyti id nd Choe, Effets of wood vinegr ddition for supplementl phytse in hiken nutrition: A review. met qulity improvement of old lyer. Kor. J. Poult. World s Poult. Si. J., 64: Si., 32: FYT: Amount of enzyme dissolving miromole inorgni phosphte from N phytte t ph 5.5 nd 37 C. 89