Nwokoro, Smart O. and Joseph O.I. Obasuyi Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 5 (3): , 006 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 006 Prtil Sustitution of Soyen Mel wi Bredfruit (Artorpus ltilis) Seed Mel in Broiler Strter Diets: Effets on Performne, Wter Consumption nd Crss Chrteristis Nwokoro, Smrt O. nd Joseph O.I. Osuyi Deprtment of Animl Siene, Fulty of Agriulture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeri Astrt: The study ws initited to sertin e effet of prtil sustitution of soyen mel wi redfruit (Artorpus ltilis) mel in roiler strter hikens diets rered in tropil environment. 300 roilers hiks were used for e study nd ey were divided into 15 replite groups suh t ree replites were lloted to diet. Five roiler strter diets (3000 Kl MEKg nd 4% CP) were formulted suh t e Soy en mel in e diet were repled wi redfruit seed mel t 0, 10. 0, 30 nd 40% levels. The irds were fed nd wtered d liitum for e 4 weeks of e study. Results indited t finl live weights of irds, weight gin, feed nd wter intkes, dily nitrogen retention, pked ell volume nd k wholesle rss uts of e roilers indited signifint (P< 0.05) differenes. It lso showed t irds on ontrol diet (diet 1) reorded signifintly (P<0.05) higher ody weight, weight gin, feed intke n ose of oer diets (10, 0, 30 nd, 40 % redfruit seed mel sed) whih were not different from eh oer. There were onsistent derese in feed nd wter onsumption wi inresing redfruit mel level of dietry inlusion. Results for e nitrogen retention reveled t e est vlues were reorded in diets 3 nd 4 followed y diet 5, while e lest were otined in diets 1 nd. Results for e lood metolites indited t only PCV nd gloulin showed signifint differenes, where only diet 5 (for PCV) were different from ll oer diets. Oer prmeters mesured were not onsistent. The vlue for e rss k ut indited deresing k ut etween diet 1 nd 5 wi e exeption of diet 3. Tretments hd no effet on mortlity. Key words: Soyen mel, redfruit mel, roiler strter diet Introdution Nutrition is e siene of nutrients intke, utiliztion nd systems relevne. In livestok feeding, feed is one of e gretest suspets in meeting e nutritionl relevne. Aording to numerous investigtors (Egewnde nd Olorede, 003; Ikhtu, 000; Nwokoro nd Tewe, 1996; Olomu, 1996; Fetug, 1984; Oluyemi nd Roerts, 1979) in our region, feed ounts for etween 60 nd 80 perent of osts of prodution of livestok under intensive or stndrd mngement systems. These hve een ttriuted (Amefule nd Oioh, 001; Tewe, 1998; Olomu, 1995) to indequte prodution of relevnt feed resoures, ompetition etween mn nd livestok, poor qulity feed ingredients mong oers. Udediie (1997) reported t ere is onstnt quest for improving urrent populr protein soures nd finding wys of exploiting e negleted nd underutilized ones. The soyen prt from eing mjor humn food stple in our zone, is very expensive s lrger quntity re imported. In ddition, it is e min plnt protein ingredient used for feeding monogstris. Bredfruits re e wild undnt rop types found in our zone, whih hd not gone rough ny form of improvement. Consequently, e need for explortion of lterntive feed resoures or ingredients wi less ompetition nd osts hve een mjor sustinle votions. Hene, is study ws initited to sertin e effets of prtil replement of soyen mel wi redfruit seed mel in roiler strter rtion. Mterils nd Meods Proessing of Bredfruit seed mel: The well-mtured seeded redfruits (Artorpus ltilis) were hrvested in our study zone where our Lortory is loted. The o fruits were opened nd sundried (30-35 C), erefter e seed ot were removed. This ws followed y deftting using e solvent (N-hexne) extrtion nd en e hemil ompositions (AOAC, 1990) were determined. The deftted smples were properly stored efore usge for e feeding tril. Experimentl diets: Five isonitrogenous nd isolori experimentl diets, eh ontining 4% CP nd 3,000KClME/Kg diet were formulted (Tle 1). The soyen mel in e Control diet (Diet 1) ws prtilly sustituted wi redfruit seed mel t 10, 0, 30 nd 40 perent (weight for weight). Birds nd mngement: 300 roiler hiks (Ank reeds) otined t dy old were used for e study. The hiks were rndomly llotted into ree groups of 0 96

2 Nwokoro nd Osuyi: Wter Consumption nd Crss Chrteristis Tle 1: Composition of experimentl diets (perent) Diets (% Replement) Ingredient 1 (0) (10) 3 (0) 4 (30) 5 (40) Mize Bredfruit seed mel Soyen mel Fish mel Whet Brewer s dried grin Bone mel Limestone Common slt (NCl) Premix Composition Crude protein (%) ME (Kl kg) Crude fire(%) M + C (%) Lysine (%) Composition of vitmin minerl premix per kg of diet: vit A., 5,000 IU; Vit. D, 3 800IU; Vit E. 1mg; vit. B, 6 1.5mg; Niin, 1mg; pntoeni id, 5mg; Biotin, 0.0mg; vit. B 1, 0.01mg; Foli id, 0.3mg; hlorine hloride, 150mg; mngnese, 60mg; iron, 10mg; zin, 15mg; 15mg; opper, 0.8mg; iodine, 0.4mg; olt, 0.08mg; selenium, 0.04mg; ntioxidnts, 40mg. 1 Bredfruit seed mel ontined e following (%), DM (95.68), CP (7.93), EE (1.6), CF (15.37), Ash (.75), NFE (48.03). irds per group suh t eh experimentl diet ws dily. A orretion ftor of mesure of wter evportion lloted to ree replite groups in ompletely in e poultry house during e periods of rndomize design pttern. mesurements were deduted from e totl wter The irds were housed in e open-sided dwrf wlled onsumption per tretment group. poultry house prtitioned into equl-sided pens (.4m x 1.m) y wire netting nd wooden strutures suh t Mesurement of lood metolites: At e end of e spe of 0.13m per ird ws lloted. Oer tril, lood smples were olleted from eh group of mngement prties inluding rooding were s irds nd proessed ordingly (Mury et l., 1998). reommended y Oluyemi nd Roerts (1979). The Therefter, e pk ell volume, lood sugr, totl irds were vinted ginst New Cstle Disese (Dy protein, lumin, nd gloulin were determined (Skye, 1) nd Infetious Bursl Disese (week 3). Birds were 1978). fed nd wtered d liitum nd e study ws terminted t e end of e 4 week. The ody weights of irds were tken t e eginning of e study, weekly erefter until e end of e experiment. The feed intke ws mesured on dily sis while e nitrogen lne study nd serum metolites were determined in e 4 week. The rss mesurements were rried out on e lst dy of e study. Crss mesurements: Slughtering nd proessing of e experimentl irds were rried out in e University Frm Slughter Sl. The proedures employed inluding prtitioning into wholesle uts nd seprtion of relevnt orgns were s desried y Nwokolo (1985) nd, Oluyemi nd Roerts (1979). Nitrogen retention: Three irds per replite of known weights were trnsferred to individul metolism ges (15mx15mx15m), where feed nd wter were provided d liitum. Four dys ws llowed for djustment, while dt ws olleted 3 dys susequently, suh t e metoli study lsted for 7 dys. The olletion of droppings nd proessing efore nlyses were s reommended y Nwokoro nd Tewe (1996). The smples of feeds nd fees were nlyzed (AOAC, 1990) for DM, CP, nd is ws followed wi usul omputtion for nitrogen retention. Wter onsumption: The wter intkes were mesured Study environment: The experiment ws rried out in Edo Stte, Nigeri. The re is typil rinforest zone ounded y Svnn (on e Nor) nd Sou (y Swmp) nd hrterized y wet nd dry Seson. It is o o situted etween Ltitude 7 nd 8 Nor of e Equtor nd hs n nnul rinfll etween 175m nd 00m o wi men temperture of 34 C. Dt nlyses: All dt olleted during e entire experiment were sujeted to nlysis of vrine (Steel nd Torrie, 1980) nd signifine etween mens using Dunn s multiple rnge tests t 5% level of proility. 97

3 Nwokoro nd Osuyi: Wter Consumption nd Crss Chrteristis Tle : Performnes of e roilers fed grded levels of redfruit seed mel diets Diets (% Replement) PARAMETER 1 (0) (10) 3 (0) 4 (30) 5 (40) SEM Initil weight (g/ird) Finl weight (g/ird) Weight gin (g/ird) d Feed intke (g/ird/dy) Feed/gin rtio Wter intke (mls/ird/dy) Wter/feed rtio Protein effiieny rtio Dily nitrogen retention (%) Mortlity (%) d Mens on e sme row wi different supersript re signifintly (P<0.05) different. Tle 3: Hemtorit nd some plsm metolites of irds Diets (% Replement) Prmeters 1 (0) (10) 3 (0) 4 (30) 5 (40) SEM Pk Cell Volume (%) Blood sugr (mgdl ) Totl protein (mgdl ) Alumin (mgdl ) Gloulin (mgdl ) Mens on e sme row wi different supersript re signifintly (P<0.05) different. Results The study ws to sertin e nutritive vlue of redfruit seed mel for roiler strter hikens. The performnes of irds re presented in Tle, while e hemtologil indies nd rss hrteristis re indited in Tles 3 nd, 4 respetively. Performne prmeters (Tle ) reveled t e finl live weights of irds, weight gin, feed intke, wter onsumption nd, dily nitrogen retention were signifintly (P< 0. 05) ffeted y dietry tretments. It lso indited t roiler irds fed diet 1 (Control) reorded signifintly higher finl ody weight, weight gin, feed intke n ose (Diets, 3, nd 5) whose diets ontined redfruit mel. However, e feed to gin rtio, wter to feed rtio, nd protein effiieny rtio were not signifintly (P > 0.05) ffeted y dietry tretments. Broiler strter hikens fed diets ontining 40% level of replement (Diet 5) reorded e lest finl live weight, feed onsumption, feed per gin rtio, nd wter intke. Results indited t e redfruits sed diets reorded lower finl ody weight, weight gin, feed intke nd wter onsumption in omprison wi e ontrol. But t e diets (30), 3(0), nd 4(30) were not different from eh oer. The est feed per gin rtio (ough not signifint) ws reorded in Diet 1 while e lest (.0) were reorded in Diets, 3, nd 5. However, e results for e nitrogen retention showed t roiler irds on Diets 3, 4 nd 5 reorded signifintly higher retention n e ontrol (exept for ose on diet ) where e lest (66.10%) ws otined. The highest retentions were otined in diets 3 nd, 4 nd ese were followed y ose on diet 5. Alough e mortlity ptterns were not onsistent wi e diets, e highest level (7.5%) ws found in e 40% redfruit seed mel diet (Diet 5). This ws however, followed y t for diet (10% level). The results for e hemtologil indies reveled t only e pked ell volume nd gloulin (Tle 3) indited some level of signifine. Also, e vlue for e pked ell volume showed t only ose of roilers rered on Diet 5 (40% replement diet) were signifintly different from oer Diets (1,,3, 4), whih were similr, while e vlues for diets,3, nd 4 were not signifint from t of diet 5. Results for e lood sugrs, totl protein nd lumin were not signifintly (P> 0.05) different from eh oer. Tle 4 shows e vlues for e rss hrteristis of e roiler strters. It indited t prt from e k whole sle uts (lulted s perent of live weight), ere ws no signifint differenes for ll oer prmeters (dressing perentge, eviserted weight, leg, hed, nek, wings, rest, drumstik, igh, nd gilets) mesured. In e vlues for e k ut, it indited deresing k ut (exept diet 3) wi inresing level of redfruit seed mel in e diet (Tle 4). Disussion Results otined (Tle ) showed t finl ody weight, weight gin nd feed intke of irds were 98

4 Nwokoro nd Osuyi: Wter Consumption nd Crss Chrteristis Tle 4: Crss hrteristis of experimentl irds diets (%replement) Chrteristis 1 (0) (10) 3 (0) 4 (30) 5 (40) SEM Dressing perentge Eviserted weight (g) Leg (*PLW) Hed (PLW) Nek (PLW) Wing (PLW) Brest (PLW) Bk (PLW) d Drumstik (PLW) Thigh (PLW) Gilets (PLW) * PLW = Perentge of live weight. d Mens on e sme row wi different supersript re signifintly (P<0.05) different. signifintly (P<0.05) ffeted y inresing level of intke s similr trend like e wter onsumption ws redfruit mel in e rtions. The roiler strter oserved for e wter to feed rtio up to 30% level of hikens fed ontrol diets exhiited ody weight gin feed mel inlusion in e diets. This generl trend of nd feed intke higher n ose otined wi similr wter nd feed intke re inline wi previous reports (sme energy nd protein) diets ontining redfruit (Olomu, 1995; Oluyemi nd Roerts, 1979). But not in seed mels. This my e inditive t e level of greement wi t reported y Ptrik nd Shile nutrition ws less for redfruit seed mel diets (1980) t rtions whih re high in fire inreses e ompred to e ontrol. This is similr to t oserved wter requirements of hikens. y Emenlon (004) nd Esonu (001) when roiler The disrepnies oserved in e roiler strter strters were fed grded levels of Muun pruriens seed mels. Also, Offiong (1984) oserved t group of irds wi lower feed intke vlues n e ontrol were hikens performnes in e study despite e isolori nd isonitrogenous diets my e due to some grow depressnt t my e found in e redfruit on diets ontining high level of rude fire n e seed mel. Among e suspeted depressing ftors ontrol diets. Thus noted t e diets wi e rude inlude higher fire resulting from proessing (Osuyi fire must hve deresed nutrient density. Hene, nd Nwokoro, 004; Aguiler et l., 1973), poor under e oserved grow depression in roiler pltility nd proly hydrolyzed essentil mino hikens fed rtions ontining test ingredients my e ids. inditive of depressnt ftor(s). The higher rude fire The pked ell volumes (PCV) were similr for ll e level of inlusion my e ontriutory (Adeniji, 005; irds exept for ose in Diet 5(40% inlusion) where e Fnimo et l., 005; Frrel, 005; Crre, 004; Onifde nd Btunde, 1997,). lest ws reorded. But oer prmeters (lood sugr, The sme energy nd protein levels (3000KClMEKg lumin, gloulin nd totl protein) did not follow sme nd 4% CP) were fed to e irds. This my indite trend. Previous report y Btunde nd Pond (1988) level of uniformity of diets for eir optiml performne. indited t lowered PCV for rts fed ruer seed mel This ME nd CP levels in e experimentl diets met e (RSM) ws suggestive of hemolyti ftors in RSM so requirements for roiler hikens etween 0 nd 4 s to redue e ftor nd use porphyrinuri. They weeks of ge in e tropis (Amuode, 1981; Fetug, 1984; Olomu, 1995). But e differenes in oserved grow performne in is study my e llevited y deling wi e performne depressing ftors fter us suggested t eir oservtion hd signifint implition in ses of long-term feeding of high levels of RSM. The oserved results of PCV in is study my indite t not more n 30% of redfruit seed mel identifition. Also, Oluyemi nd Roerts (1979) nd Brgg nd Shry (1970) reported t e redution in my e sustituted for 34.7% soyen mel in strter roiler hikens. feed intke of irds might lso indite t one or more mino ids were limiting for optimum performne. It ws oserved from e study t wter onsumption Aknowledgement Dr. Awh nd oer Memers of e Biohemistry nd of irds were not signifintly (P>0.05) ffeted up to Nutrition Unit of Ruer Reserh Institute of 30% level (Diet 4) of redfruit seed mel inlusion in e diets. The highest men wter intke (7.90 mls Nigeri(RRIN) for use of filities in e solvent extrtion of e seed oil. ird dy ) ws reorded in e ontrol diet, while e lest (47.10mls irds dy ) ws found in e 30% level Referenes roiler diet. Thus reveling t wter onsumption Adeniji, C.A., 005. Performne nd rss deresed wi inresing dietry inlusion of redfruit seed mel. This oserved trend under e onditions of hrteristis of roiler hikens fed high fire sunflower seed ke diets. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 33: is study my e due to orresponding redution in feed

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