Effect of Stocking Density and Feeding Regime on Performance of Broiler Chicken in Summer Season

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 10 (5): , 011 ISSN Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 011 Effect of Stocking Density nd Feeding Regime on Performnce of Broiler Chicken in Summer Seson M.A.H. Beg, M.A. Bqui, N.R. Srker nd M.M. Hossin 1 Deprtment of Animl Science, SAU Deprtment of Zoology, JU 3 BLRI, Dhk, Bnglsh Astrct: A totl of five-hundred nd fifty (550) dy-old Co-500 roiler chicks were used for period of six weeks to study the effect of different stocking nsities nd feeding regime on the performnce of roiler chicken. The tretments unr stocking nsities were D1 (8 ird/m ), D (10 ird/m ), D3 (1 ird/m ) nd D4 (14 ird/m ). The form of feeds unr feeding regime ws F1 (msh), F (crumle) nd F3 (pellet) feeds. The study reveled tht the lower stocking nsity D1 consumed significntly (p<0.05) the highest mount of feed nd in terms of feed form F group consumed significntly (p<0.05) the highest mount of crumle feed nd mong the interction etween nsity x feed DF consumed significntly (p<0.05) the highest mount of feed. The verge live weight of irds unr stocking nsity D3 ws significntly (p<0.05) higher compred to other nsity groups; there ws no significnt difference (p<0.05) mong the msh, crumle nd pellet groups. The interction etween D3F ws chieved significntly (p<0.05) highest live weight thn other tretment groups. Irrespective of feed type, FCR vlue ws significntly etter in D4 nd D3 (p<0.05) compred to D nd D1. Similrly irrespective stocking nsity, crumle feed performed etter FCR compred to others nd the interction group D3F showed significntly etter (p<0.05) FCR compred to other comintions. The irds unr lower stocking nsity D1 consumed significntly (p<0.05) the highest mount of wter; ut the form of feeds (F1, F nd F3) hd no significnt (p<0.05) effect on wter intke nd the wter intke ws significntly higher (p<0.05) in D1F1 compred to other tretments. No significnt difference (p<0.05) in mortlity ws found mong different stocking nsities, feeding regime nd different interction groups. The Benefit Cost Rtio (BCR)/m unr D3 ws significntly (p<0.05) higher compred to others; the F1, F nd F3 feeds hd no significnt effect on BCR nd D3F group ws significntly (p<0.05) profitle thn other comintions. The dressing % of stocking nsity D1 nd D were significntly (p<0.05) higher compred to D3 nd D4. No significnt difference (p<0.05) in dressing % ws found mong F1, F nd F3 feeds, similr results were oserved in different crcss prts for stocking nsity nd feed types. Significntly higher (p<0.05) dominl ft position were found higher in D3 nd D4. Lower stocking nsity showed higher dressing percent. The stocking nsity nd feeding regimes hd no significnt effect on different crcss prts of roiler except higher dominl ft position ws found in higher stocking nsity groups. Finlly, it cn e conclud tht during summer the stocking nsity 1 ird/m fed on crumle feed my e profitle for commercil roiler production up to six weeks in Bnglsh condition. Key words: Broiler, nsity, feed type, performnce, summer, profit INTRODUCTION Broiler frming hs een recognized s profitle enterprise nd seemed to e much-preferred gro usiness thn ruminnts. It cn e hrvest for humn consumption within very short period of time. Broiler frming is rpid income generting source for the rurl women nd un-employed youths. Per cpit nnul met consumption of Bnglsh is 4.57 kg (stndrd 43.8 kg/yer) which indictes huge mnd for incresing the production of roiler met nd its relted industry (Rhmn, 003). Bnglsh is tropicl country with climtic vritions which influence roiler production. Poultry husndry in tropicl nd su tropicl countries re ffected y stocking nsity nd incresed temperture (Beg, 1993). Reserch performed in open sid house shows tht sesonl vrition hs significnt effect on totl ody weight gin of roilers (Sleque nd Rozen, 007) where impct of stocking nsity nd feeding system were ignored. There is few pulished literture concerning the influence of stocking nsity with feeding regimes in summer seson. High environmentl temperture impirs the growth nd feed intke of roilers (Chrles, 1986). Chnge in seson nd the seson of rering period, influences the growth performnce of chicks. Ylcini et l. (1997) found tht ody weight nd ody weight gin of roilers rered Corresponding Author: M.A.H. Beg, Deprtment of Animl Science, SAU 365

2 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 during summer ws lower s compred to those rered Rozen, 007). Broiler growers need summer stocking during winter. Deton et l. (1989); Weck et l. (1994), nsity nd feeding regime of roiler chicken to increse Al-Ridwi nd Singh (1989) lso reported lower ody production nd profitility of the roiler frm. Keeping weight for roilers rered during summer. In ddition, this i in mind the present study ws unrtken with Imed (000) reported lower ody weight of roilers the following specific ojectives: during summer irrespective of stocking nsity. Mny countries hve initited progrms imed t improving C To termine the effect of stocking nsity nd smll-scle poultry s mens of helping to ring feeding regime on performnce roiler chicken. socio- economic enefits to rurl communities. C To intify the suitle stocking nsity nd feeding Stocking nsity is reported using the numer of irds regime of roiler chicken during summer. per unit re or the mount of re per ird through out C To evlute the crcss chrcteristics of roiler their life which reduces their opportunity for movement rered in summer seson. during the lter stge of rering. Stocking nsity 10 C To nlyze the Benefit Cost Rtio (BCR) of roilers ird/m is prcticed in tropicl countries (Hulzeosch, rered unr different nsities nd feeding 004). Frmers rer roilers ignoring stocking nsity in regimes. different sesons due to high price of construction mterils nd lck of knowledge. High stocking nsity cretes helth hzrd in poultry shed. It might e Tle 1: Lyout of the experiment Fctors Replictions hypothesized tht frmers need to consir housing Density of ird/m Feed R1 R R3 R4 nsity with feed types to mximize profitility. Studies D1 (8 ird/m ) F1 (Msh) M8 M8 M8 M8 on stocking nsities in roiler production hve F (Crumle) C8 C8 C8 C8 produced vrile conclusions. Some studies show F3 (Pellet) P8 P8 P8 P8 lrge enefits in reducing stocking nsity, while others D (10 ird/m ) F1 (Msh) M10 M10 M10 M10 show little or no differences. Biligili nd Hess (1995) F (Crumle) C10 C10 C10 C10 conclud tht ody weight, feed conversion, mortlity, F3 (Pellet) P10 P10 P10 P10 D3 crcss scrtches nd rest met yield were (1 ird/m ) F1 (Msh) M1 M1 M1 M1 F (Crumle) C1 C1 C1 C1 significntly improved when irds were given more F3 (Pellet) P1 P1 P1 P1 spce. Beg et l. (1994) found lower growth rte t D4 (14 ird/m ) F1 (Msh) M14 M14 M14 M14 higher nsity in open-sid house. In contrst, Feds F (Crumle) C14 C14 C14 C14 et l. (00) monstrted tht when ird nsity ws F3 (Pellet) P14 P14 P14 P14 reduced, live ody nd crcss weights were lso cresed. M indictes Msh feed; C indictes Crumle feed; P indictes pellet feed; M8 indictes 8 irds fed on msh feed In poultry industry msh, crumle nd pellet feeds re generlly used. Bnerjee (1987) reported tht feed intke is stimulted y grnultion of the feed. Birds fed on pellets consumed their feed in shorter time thn irds fed on msh. The physicl form of these three feeds is not sme. Most of the frmers purchse redy m feed, while others use frm m msh feed. From comprtive study y Christopher et l. (006) etween msh nd pellet feed indictes tht there is no economic difference etween using either mshes or pellet feed. Further it ws recommend tht poultry MATERIALS AND METHODS Broiler chicks nd mngement: A totl of five-hundred nd sixty (560) dy-old stright run Co 500 chicks were used nd fed on msh, crumle nd pellet. The experiment ws conducted t the Sher-e-Bngl Agriculturl University Poultry Frm, Dhk, Bnglsh for period of six weeks. The conditions nd stndrds of cre employed in this experiment were in ccordnce with stndrd guiline of poultry mngement. In the lyout of the experiment (Tle 1) there were two fctors, growers cn use ny one of these pending on their one ws stocking nsity nd nother ws feeds. The preference. The crumle form of feed is etter thn stocking nsities were D1 (8 ird/m ), D (10 ird/m ), msh nd pellet for the production of commercil roiler D3 (1 ird/m ) nd D4 (14 ird/m ) nd feeding regime (Jhn et l., 006). Broiler reserch in Bnglsh is focused minly either on stocking nsity or feeding regime. However, in veloped countries most of the roiler growers use environmentl controlled house where stocking nsity cn e compromised. Due to the environmentl fluctution, poultry production in tropicl nd su-tropicl countries suffers lot. As out 99% commercil roilers re rered in simple open house; roiler rering need pproprite mngement prctice to improve its performnce in Bnglsh (Sleque nd which were F1 (msh), F (crumle) nd F3 (pellet). The numer of repliction ws four with 48 oservtions. The roiler chicks were housed in the open-sid south fcing shed. To keep disese wy from the roiler frm ll io-security mesures such s Clening, wshing, disinfection, common vccintion nd mediction were done. The experimentl irds (58) distriuted rndomly insi the pens on the sis of stocking nsity nd type of feeds. The size of ech pen ws 1 m (1m x 1m x 0.46m). The msh nd crumle feed were used s 366

3 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 strter rtion (ME kcl/kg nd CP.8%) nd msh, crumle nd pellet feed s grower (ME kcl/kg nd CP 1.05%) nd finisher (ME kcl/kg nd CP 0.1%) rtion. Feed nd drinking wter were llowed d liitum. Round plstic feers nd drinkers were used. The verge summer o temperture nd humidity t ird level ws 31.9 C nd 78% respectively. Fresh, clen nd sun dried rice husk ws used s shllow litter on floor. Using electric roors did rooding. There ws provision of cross net wire ventiltion in the roiler house to remove polluted ir. Thick polythene sheet ws used over the net to sve the ird from rins nd wind. Electric fns were used s per necessity to sve the irds from the summer het stress. At night-light ws provid with four 40 wtt tues light to et nd drink for first weeks. Rest of the weeks 1 h drk ws llowed t night in two times. Dt collection: Dt were collected for initil ody weight, temperture, humidity, feed intke, wter intke, ody weight gin, mortlity nd finl live weight nd crcss prts: rest, thigh, drumstick, wings, ck, gilet nd dominl ft weight. Dressing of roilers: Two irds were picked up t rndom from ech replicte nd scrificed to estimte dressing percent nd weight of rest, thigh, drumstick, ck, neck, wing, gilet nd dominl ft. All irds to e slughtered were weighed nd fsted for over night (1 h). Birds were slughtered following Hll method (Singh nd Shrm, 003). As per procedure the irds were fethered, eviscerted. Therefter the eviscerted crcss cut into prts. L nd economic nlysis: Commercil redy m msh, crumle nd pellet feeds were collected from feed mill nd nlyzed in the Bnglsh Livestock Reserch Institute (BLRI) lortory to termine its proximte component. The economics ws nlyzed to find out enefit cost rtio/m of roiler chicken y consiring stocking nsity nd type of feeds. The cpitl expenditure, recurring expenditure nd precition cost were consired to clculte repliction wise totl nnul expenditure. Finlly repliction wise enefit cost rtio ws found y ducting the totl expenditure from the totl income ccording to tretment wise. Following formul were used to find out different prmeters: Feed intke in repliction Feed consumption (g/ird) = No. of live irds in repliction Wter intke in repliction Wter intke (ml/ird) = No. of live irds in repliction Feed intke (g)/ird FCR = Live weight (g)/ird No. of th ird in repliction Mortlity (%) = x100 No. of initil irds in repliction Totl income/m BCR = Totl cost of production/m Dressing yield = Live weight - (lood + fethers + hed + shnk+ digestive system) Dressing yield Dressing % = x100 Live weight Crcss cut weight (g) Percent crcss cut = x100 Eviscerted weight (g) Gilet weight = weight of liver + hert + gizzrd + neck Sttisticl nlysis: Dt were nlyzed in fctoril experiment with Rndomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) for ANOVA tle. MSTAT-C (Russel, 004) computer pckge progrm ws used for dt nlysis. Duncn Multiple Comprison Rnge Tests were done t 5% level of significnt. Excel Progrm ws prcticed for preliminry dt clcultion. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The verge imprtment performnce prmeters such s feed consumption, live weight, Feed Conversion Rtio (FCR), wter consumption, mortlity nd Benefit Cost Rtio (BCR) dt of 4 dys of roiler chicken re presented in the Tle, 3 nd 4 respectively. Feed consumption: The dt of Tle shows the lower stocking nsity D1 consumed significntly (p<0.05) highest mount of feed (4466 g/ird), where s the higher stocking nsity D4 consumed lest mount of feed (4307 g). There ws pttern of cresing feed intke with the incresing of stocking nsity. This ws due to less feer spce nd immovility of irds within the pen nd less ility of irds to express norml posturl djustments nd to ccess feed. Severl uthors greed tht the feed consumption diminished with incresing stocking nsity (Scholtyssek nd Gschwindt, 1983; Vldivie nd Diepp, 00; Singh nd Shrm, 003; Thoms et l., 004; Sntos et l., 005) which is similr to the present findings. The reltionship etween weekly feed intke nd temperture is shown in Fig. 1. There ws no remrkle chnge in feed intke with temperture up to 4 weeks, ut t 5th week when temperture cresed then feed intke incresed nd t 6th week when temperture incresed then feed intke cresed. 367

4 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 Tle : Production performnces of roiler chicken t different stocking nsities in summer seson Feed Live Feed Wter Benefit consumption weight Conversion consumption Cost Rtio Density (No. of Bird/m ) (gm)/ird (gm)/ird Rtio (FCR) (ml)/ird Mortlity (%) (BCR)/m D1 (8 ird/m ) 4466 c D (10 ird/m ) 4430 c D3 (1 ird/m ) c D4 (14 ird/m ) d Men±SE ± ± ± ±6.17.8± ±0.019 LSD CV (%) Mens within column with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05). Mens within column with sme superscripts or without superscripts don't differ (p<0.05) significntly. SE = Stndrd Error, LSD = Lest Significnt Difference, CV = Coefficient of Vrition, = Non Significnt Tle 3: Production performnces of roiler chicken t different feeding regime (Feed form) in summer seson Feed Live Feed Wter Benefit Feeding Regime consumption weight Conversion consumption Cost Rtio (Form of feeds) (gm)/ird (gm)/ird Rtio (FCR) (ml)/ird Mortlity (%) (BCR)/m F1 (Msh) c F (Crumle) F3 (Pellet) Men±SE ±1. 3.7± ± ± ± ± LSD CV (%) Mens within column with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05). Mens within column with sme superscripts or without superscripts don't differ (p<0.05) significntly. SE = Stndrd Error, LSD = Lest Significnt Difference, CV = Coefficient of Vrition, = Non Significnt Tle 4: Production performnces of roiler chicken t different nsity x feed' interction groups in summer seson Feed Live Feed Wter Benefit Density x Feed consumption weight Conversion Consumption Cost Rtio (Interction) (gm)/ird (gm)/ird Rtio (FCR) (ml)/ird Mortlity (%) (BCR)/m D1F c 8 c D1F 4484 d d 1.03 D1F d DF1 c c DF DF3 c 4386 d c D3F c 1.10 D3F f D3F c D4F1 e 48 c 5 ef D4F 4359 c 6 f 1.95 e D4F3 433 c Men±SE ± ± ± ± ± ±0.03 LSD CV (%) Mens within column with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05). Mens within column with sme superscripts or without superscripts don't differ (p<0.05) significntly. SE = Stndrd Error, LSD = Lest Significnt Difference, CV = Coefficient of Vrition, = Non Significnt The type of feeds (Tle 3) show tht the F (446 g) consumed the lowest mount of msh feed. Bolton nd group of irds consumed significntly (p<0.05) highest Blir (1977), Choi et l. (1986), Jhn et l. (006), mount crumle feed from the lowest F1 (434 g) msh Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) studied the performnce group nd F3 (4417 g) ws intermedite. The interction of msh, crumle nd pellet feeds s roiler diet. They etween nsity x feed t 4 dys roiler chicken is found tht the crumle group showed high trend of feed presented in the Tle 4. It ws oserved tht mong consumption compred with others. Similr findings different nsity x feed interction group the DF (4509 reported y Mutetw (001), Lemme et l. (006), g) consumed significntly (p<0.05) highest mount of Amerh et l. (007), Brickett et l. (007) nd Sundu et crumle feed from other tretment groups nd the D4F1 l. (008) y compring pellet with msh feed. The (48 g) consumed the lowest mount of msh feed. It opinion of Boluksi et l. (005) ws contrry tht there is cler tht the lower nsity consumed the highest ws no effect of pellet nd msh feed on feed mount of crumle feed nd the highest nsity consumption. 368

5 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 Fig. 1: Weekly reltionship etween summer temperture nd feed intke Fig. : Weekly reltionship etween feed intke nd weight gin in summer Live weight: Tle sttes tht the stocking nsity D3 (306 g) ws significntly (p<0.05) higher from the stocking nsity D4 (5 g), D1 (174 g) nd D (160 g) respectively. The lower stocking nsity D1 nd D didn't show significnt difference t finl live weight. The stocking nsity D3, 1 irds/m showed etter performnce in chieving the finl mrket weight. This findings directly supported y Mizuuti et l. (000), Skric et l. (007) nd reported tht the 1 irds/m nsity showed higher (p<0.05) mens for verge ody weight. Feds et l. (00) reported tht ody weight incresed s nsity incresed. Vldivie et l. (004) proposed higher stocking nsity in Cu to get higher live weight. Dozier et l. (005) got findings tht ody weight ws dversely ffected y incresing the plcement nsity ove 30 kg of BW/m (1 irds/m ) of floor. Although El-Deek nd Al-Hrthi (004) conclud tht roiler chicks could e stocked up to 14 irds/m without dverse effect on growth performnce. The reltionship etween weekly feed intke nd live weight gin is shown in Fig.. In 1st, nd nd 3rd week minimum mount of feed ws utilized to gin per unit live weight nd t 4th, 5th nd 6th week mximum mount of feed ws utilized to gin per unit live weight. According to type of feed (Tle 3) no significnt difference (p<0.05) ws found mong the F1 (msh), F (crumle) nd F3 (pellet) feed to chieve the finl live weight 4 g, 48 g nd 197 g respectively, ut F (crumle) group of irds chieved the highest live weight. Tle 4 indictes tht the verge live weight of different `nsity x feed` interction groups, mong them D3F (43 g) ws significntly (p<0.05) higher from ll other tretment groups. The D1F (116 g) group ws the lowest live weight chieved group. So here D3F, 1 irds/m fed on crumle feed ws the est live weight gined group. McAllister et l. (000) nd Bölüksi et l. (005) lso noted tht feed type hs no effect on live weight. But Jhn et l. (006), Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) found effect of feed type on live weight nd oserved higher live weight from crumle nd crumpelleted feed. Feed conversion rtio (FCR): The verge FCR vlue in Tle shows tht the stocking nsity D1 (.09) nd D (.08) were significntly (p<0.05) higher from D3 (1.95) nd D4 (1.94). The FCR vlue of nsity D4 nd D3 were significntly etter (p<0.05) in comprison with the nsity D1 nd D. The Figure 3 shows weekly FCR vlue in comprison with ge. The figure indictes tht the feed efficiency ws cresed fter three weeks of ge. The Lower FCR vlue indictes positive performnce. Birds of lower nsity groups got chnce to intke more feed, this more feed is one type of wstge ecuse they didn't convert it into met nd finlly unle to show etter FCR vlue. It is evint from the result tht feed conversion ws etter t the higher nsity thn t the lower nsities which is supported y Gonzlez et l. (1978), Scholtyssek nd Gschwindt (1983), Rvindrn nd Thoms (004), Vldivie et l. (004) nd Sreehri nd Shrm (010). It is reveled from Tle 3 tht FCR ws ffected y feeding regime. The etter FCR ws found in F (1.98) from F1 (.0) nd F3 (.04). But no significnt difference (p<0.05) of FCR vlue ws found in etween F1 (.0) nd F (1.98) nd F1 (.0) nd F3 (.04). The crumle feed showed etter efficiency thn msh nd pellet. The FCR vlue of most of the `nsity x feed` interction groups differed significntly. Tle 4 shows tht the FCR vlue of D1F (.15) group ws significntly higher (p<0.05) from ll other tretment groups. The FCR vlue of D3F (1.87) group ws significntly lower (p<0.05) from ll other tretment groups. The lowest FCR vlue of D3F indictes positive performnce. The stocking nsity 1 irds/m fed on crumle feed showed etter feed efficiency. Reece et l. (1984), Jhn et l. (006) crried out experiment on roiler feed nd otined etter feed conversion rtio in crumle form of feed. Srvestni et l. (006) noted tht pellet feed showed etter FCR vlue thn msh diet, similr findings reported y Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) who found etter FCR in pellet feed compred to crumle-pellet nd msh diet. 369

6 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 to crush or powr nture of msh feed. In Tle 4, the most of the `nsity x feed` interction groups show significnt (p<0.05) difference in wter consumption. The wter consumption of the D1F1 (1430 ml) group ws significntly higher (p<0.05) from ll other tretment groups nd D4F (13010 ml) ws the significntly lowest (p<0.05) wter consumer group. This ws due to less drinker spce nd immovility of irds within the pen. The 8 irds/m fed on msh feed drnk the highest mount of wter nd 14 irds/m fed on crumle feed consumed the lowest mount of wter. Mortlity: The mortlity nlysis dt of roiler chicks is Fig. 3: Reltionship etween FCR with ge in summer presented in Tle, where the men vlue of mortlity ws.8%. No significnt (p<0.05) difference ws found mong different stocking nsity groups of D1, D, D3 nd D4. Most of the th occurred fter 4 weeks of ge nd were sudn th. This might e due to summer het stroke. The result confirmed tht the stocking nsity hd no effect on mortlity mong different nsities. This finding is n greement with Chew (1978), Gonzlez et l. (1978), Offiong et l. (001), Feds et l. (00), Hdorn et l. (00), Thoms et l. (004) nd Meluzzi et l. (008). Tle 3 shows no significnt (p<0.05) difference in mortlity mong different feed types of F1 (msh), F (crumle) nd F3 (pellet) feed group of irds. This ws possile due to proper io-security mesures of the Fig. 4: Weekly reltionship etween summer roiler flock. Tle 4 indictes mortlity of different temperture nd wter intke nsity x feed interction groups where men vlue is.8%, ut no significnt difference (p<0.05) ws found. Wter consumption: The Tle indictes tht the Jhn et l. (006) lso found non-significnt (p<0.01) verge wter intke y ll stocking nsities were findings in mortlity for msh, crumle nd pellet feed. significntly differed (p<0.05) from ech other. The highest mount of wter ws consumed y lower Benefit Cost Rtio (BCR): The verge Benefit Cost stocking nsity D1 (14010 ml) followed y D (13340 Rtio (BCR) dt of different stocking nsity groups ml), D3 (13160 ml) nd D4 (13030 ml). This is due to shown in Tle, which vried from 1.05 to The less locomotion of higher stocking irds to ccess enefit cost rtio ws ffected y different stocking drinker. Higher stocking nsity cresed ird nsities. Higher nsity showed mximum enefit. movement (Andrews et l., 1997). The mximum feed Although there ws no significnt (p<0.05) difference intke group D1 consumed 3 times higher wter thn etween higher nsity D3 (1.13) nd D4 (1.1). The feed. Deton et l. (1967) sid tht t higher nsity mximum enefit ws found in the nsity of 1 irds consumed less wter. Feds et l. (00) irds/m. It is evint tht the profit mrgins incresed reported tht wter consumption increses t higher s stocking nsity incresed nd this findings greed stocking nsities, lthough there ws trend towrd y Diego et l. (1995), Oliveir et l. (000), Mirgliott et crese in wter intke with cresing wter nipple. l. (00) nd Moreir et l. (004). The reltionship etween weekly wter intke nd Tle 3 represents the verge Benefit Cost Rtio temperture is shown in Fig. 4. There is no remrkle (BCR) of roiler chicken in different feeding regimes. No chnge in wter intke with temperture up to 4 weeks, significnt (p<0.05) difference ws found mong the F1 ut t 5th week when temperture cresed then wter (1.10) F (1.09) nd F3 (1.08) feeds. The BCR dt of intke lso cresed nd t 6th week when different `nsity x feed` interction groups re temperture incresed then wter intke incresed. presented in the Tle 4. It is shown from the tle tht Tle 3 hints tht there ws no significnt (p<0.05) the BCR ws significntly (P<0.05) ffected y most of difference in wter consumption mong F1, F nd F3 the nsity x feed interction groups. groups, lthough F1 (msh) group of irds drnk the The BCR of D3F (1.18) ws significntly (p<0.05) higher highest mount (13430 ml) of wter, tht might e due from ll other tretment groups. The nsity D1F (1.03) 370

7 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 showed significntly (p<0.05) the lowest BCR vlue mong ll tretments. It is conclud tht the nsity 1 ird/m fed on crumle feed ws the est profitle groups. Sreehri nd Shrm (010) lso found est net profit in incresed stocking nsity. Jhn et l. (006) gve sme sttement tht the crumle form of feed is etter thn msh nd pellet form of feed. Koknroglu nd Atilgn (007) reported tht rising roiler in summer seson is more sustinle tht in winter. Crcss yield (%) of dressed roiler: The verge dressing percent nd percent of importnt crcss prts such s rest weight, thigh weight, drumstick weight, wing weight, ck weight, gilet weight nd dominl ft weight dt of 4 dys roiler chicken unr different stocking nsities is presented in the Tle 5. The verge dressing percent nd percent of importnt crcss prts such s rest weight, thigh weight, drumstick weight, wing weight, ck weight, gilet weight nd dominl ft weight dt unr different feeding regimes is presented in the Tle 6. Dressing percent: Tle 5 shows the dressing percent of the stocking nsity D1 (77.17%) nd D (76.08%) were significntly (p<0.05) higher from the nsity D3 (74.83%) nd D4 (74.17%). The lower stocking nsity D1 nd D showed higher dressing percent nd higher stocking nsity D3 nd D4 showed lower dressing percent. It is signified from the result tht the dressing percentge ws lower in the higher stocking nsity. Singh nd Shrm (003), El-Deek nd Al-Hrthi (004) serched out sme findings out dressing percent. Although Rvindrn nd Thoms (004) reported tht crcss chrcteristics were unffected y stocking nsity. Tle 6 indictes tht there ws no significnt difference (p<0.05) in dressing percent found mong F1 (75.5%), F (75.69%) nd F3 (75.75%), ut the F3 (pellet) feed performed the highest dressing percent nd F1 (Msh) lowest. Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) conducted n experiment to ssess the effect of feed form on roiler performnce nd noticed tht weight of crcss percentge ws not ffected y physicl form of diets. On the other hnd, Rjini et l. (1998) nd Brickett et l. (007) found etter dressing percent in pellet feed thn msh t 6 nd 8 weeks of ge (p<0.05). Brest weight percent: The presented verge rest weight vlues in Tle 5 indictes tht D1 (3.50%), D (33.00%), D3 (3.4%) nd D4 (3.5%) hd no significnt (p<0.05) effect on rest met production, ut the highest rest weight percent ws found in the lower stocking nsity D. Dozier et l. (006) reported tht incresing stocking nsity cresed rest tenr weight. Mny poultry scientists conducted experiment to find out the effect of stocking nsity on crcss chrcteristics of roiler nd noted tht stocking nsity hd no effect on crcss chrcteristics of roiler Tle 5: Yield of roiler crcss prts (%) t different stocking nsities in summer seson Weight of crcss prts (%) Density (No. of Birds/m ) Dressing Brest Thigh Drumstick Wing Bck Gilet Adominl ft D1 (8/m ) D (10/m ) D3 (1/m ) D4 (14/m ) Men±SE 75.56± 3.54± 15.64± 1.64± 10.9± 16.77± 9.5±.31± LSD CV (%) Mens within column with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05). Mens within column with sme superscripts or without superscripts don't differ (p<0.05) significntly. SE = Stndrd Error, LSD = Lest Significnt Difference, CV = Coefficient of Vrition, = Non Significnt Tle 6: Yield of roiler crcss prts (%) t different feeding regime in summer seson Weight of crcss prts (%) Feeding regime (Firm of feeds) Dressing Brest Thigh Drumstick Wing Bck Gilet Adominl ft F1 (Msh) F (Crumle) F3 (Pellet) Men±SE 75.56± 3.54± 15.64± 1.64± 10.9± 16.77± 9.5±.31± LSD CV (%) Mens within column with different superscripts re significntly different (p<0.05). Mens within column with sme superscripts or without superscripts don't differ (p<0.05) significntly. SE = Stndrd Error, LSD = Lest Significnt Difference, CV = Coefficient of Vrition, = Non Significnt 371

8 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 chicken (Feds et l., 00; Rvindrn nd Thoms, The wing weight ws not ffected y stocking nsity 004; Thoms et l., 004; Mkowski et l., 005; nd similr result reported y Offiong et l. (001); Sreehri nd Shrm, 010). Rvindrn nd Thoms (004); Thoms et l. (004); Tle 6 shows tht the rest weight percent of F1 Mkowski et l. (005); Sreehri nd Shrm (010). (3.69%), F (3.31%) nd F3 (3.63%) ws not In Tle 6 the men wing weight % t different feeding sttisticlly significnt (p<0.05), ut msh feed showed regimes of F1 (10.38%), F (10.19%) nd F3 (10.31%) the highest rest weight percent. Golin nd Mirghelenj were not sttisticlly significnt (p<0.05), ut the highest (009) conducted n experiment to ssess the effect of wing weight percent ws found in feeding regime F1 feed form on performnce of roiler chicken nd (msh) feed. Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) found tht indicted tht the rest weight ws not ffected y crcss prts were not ffected y physicl form of diets. physicl form of diets. Lemme et l. (006) reported tht rest met production incresed y msh nd pelleted Bck weight percent: In Tle 5 no significnt form of feed. difference (p<0.05) in ck weight % ws found mong different stocking nsities of D1 (17.08%), D (16.75%), Thigh weight percent: In the Tle 5 no significnt D3 (16.67%) nd D4 (16.58%), ut the highest ck difference (p<0.05) in thigh weight % ws found mong weight % ws found in stocking nsity D1 (8 ird/m ). different stocking nsities of D1 (15.67%), D (15.58%), Offiong et l. (001); Rvindrn nd Thoms (004); D3 (15.83%) nd D4 (15.50%), ut the highest thigh met Thoms et l. (004); Mkowski et l. (005); Sreehri % ws found in the stocking nsity D3, 1 ird/m. It is nd Shrm (010) noted tht vrious crcss evint tht thigh weight % ws not significntly ffected chrcteristics were not influenced y stocking nsity. y stocking nsity. Offiong et l. (001), Rvindrn nd Tle 6 shows no significnt difference (p<0.05) in ck Thoms (004), Thoms et l. (004), Sreehri nd weight % mong different feeding regimes of F1 Shrm (010) lso noticed tht the crcss (16.63%), F (16.94%) nd F3 (16.56 %), ut the highest chrcteristics were unffected y stocking nsity. Bck weight percent ws found in feeding regime F The Tle 6 shows tht thigh weight % ws unffected (crumle) feed. (p<0.05) y the feeding regimes F1 (15.56%), F (15.56%) nd F3 (15.81%), ut F3 (pellet) feed showed Gilet weight percent: The verge gilet weight % the highest thigh weight percent. Golin nd Mirghelenj presented in Tle 5 t different stocking nsities of D1 (009) found tht thigh weight ws not ffected y (9.58%), D (9.5%), D3 (9.66%) nd D4 (9.58%) were not physicl form of diets. Srvestni et l. (006) conclud found sttisticlly significnt (p<0.05), ut the highest tht the crcss chrcteristics were improved in pellet gilet weight % ws found in stocking nsity D3 (1 diets. ird/m ). Ykuu et l. (010), Jylkshmi et l. (009) reported sme result tht the gilets weight ws not Drumstick weight percent: It is evint from the Tle significntly (p<0.05) influenced y housing nsity. 5 tht there ws no significnt difference (p<0.05) in Offiong et l. (001); Rvindrn nd Thoms (004); drumstick weight % found mong different stocking Thoms et l. (004) lso found tht stocking nsity nsities of D1 (1.50%), D (1.4%), D3 (1.75%) nd hd no effect on crcss yield percent. D4 (1.9%), ut the highest drumstick weight ws found The verge gilet weight % shown in Tle 6 t in the stocking nsity D4 (14 ird/m ). Severl uthors different feeding regimes of F1 (9.18%), F (9.68%) nd reported tht the vrious crcss chrcteristics were F3 (9.68%) were not sttisticlly significnt (p<0.05), ut not influenced y stocking nsity (Offiong et l., 001; the highest gilets weight ws found in F (crumle) nd Feds et l., 00; Rvindrn nd Thoms, 004; F3 (pellet) feeds thn msh. Golin nd Mirghelenj Thoms et l., 004; Mkowski et l., 005; Sreehri nd (009) found tht crcss prts were not ffected y Shrm, 010). pellet, crumle or msh. Rjini et l. (1998) got contrry In Tle 6 there ws no significnt difference (p<0.05) in result in gilet weight for pellet feed. drumstick weight % found mong different feeding regimes of F1 (1.81%), F (1.69%) nd F3 (1.44%), Adominl ft percent: Adominl ft weight percent in ut the highest drumstick weight percent ws found in the stocking nsity D1 (.08%) nd D (.08%) shown the F1 (msh) feed. Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) stted in Tle 5, were significntly (p<0.05) lower from the tht drumstick weight ws not ffected y feeds. nsity D3 (.58%) nd D4 (.50%). Higher stocking nsity resulted more dominl ft position nd this Wing weight percent: Tle 5 shows the wing weight % ws due to less locomotion of roilers t higher nsity t different stocking nsities of D1 (10.17%), D pens. But contrry opinion ws tht the dominl ft (10.50%), D3 (10.5%) nd D4 (10.5%) which were not content ws not ffected y stocking nsity (Dozier et sttisticlly significnt (p<0.05), ut the highest wing l., 006; Alsoyel et l., 007 nd Jylkshmi et l., weight % ws found in stocking nsity D (10 ird/m ). 009). 37

9 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 Alsoyel, A.A., H.A. AI-Btshn nd M.M. AI-jdie, 007. Study on the effect of snd litter compred with strw litter nd stocking nsity on crcss chrcteristics of roilers. J. King Sud Univ. Agric. Sci., Vol. 19 (). Amerh, A.M., V. Rvindrn, R.G. Lentle nd D.G. Thoms, 007. Feed prticle size: Implictions on the digestion nd performnce of poultry. World's Poult. Sci., 63: Andrews, S.M., H.M. Omed nd C.J.C. Phillips, The effect of single or repeted period of high stocking nsity on the ehvior nd response to Fig. 5: Yield of roiler crcss percent of roiler chicken stimuli in roiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 76: in summer Bnerjee, G.C., Animl Husndry; 8th Edn., The Tle 6 indictes tht there ws no significnt difference Oxford nd IB Pulishers, Oxford. (p<0.05) in dominl ft weight % found mong Beg, M.A.H., Stocking nsity for roiler prcticed different feeding regimes of F1 (.31%), F (.43%) nd in Bnglsh. Asin Livestock, FAO, Animl F3 (.18%). Golin nd Mirghelenj (009) oserved no production nd helth commission for Asi nd the significntly (p<0.05) difference in dominl ft weight Pcific, Bngkok, Thilnd, 18: y different form of feeds. Lemme et l. (006) lso Beg, M.A.H., M.A. Hmid nd S. Ahmed, The oserved cresing ft ccretion for ll feed forms. The effect of stocking nsity on the performnces crcss yield % of different prts is presented in Fig. 5 of roiler chicks. Bnglsh J. Anim. Sci., 3: nd on the sis of % the crcss cuts cn e rnked s 1. Brest (3.54%),. ck (16.77%), 3. thigh Biligili, S.F. nd J.B. Hess, Plcement nsity (15.64%), 4. drumstick (1.64), 5. wing (10.9%), 6. influences roiler crcss gr nd met yields. J. gilet (9.5%) nd dominl ft (.31). Appl. Poult. Res., 4: The roiler chicken of lower stocking nsity group Bolton, W. nd R. Blir, Poultry Nutrition. Ministry consumed the highest mount feed nd wter. But the of Agriculture, Fisheries nd Food. Bulletin 174 irds of higher stocking nsity group fed on crumle (London, H.M.S.O.). feed showed etter feed efficiency nd chieved the Boluksi, S.C., M.S. Akts nd M. Guzel, 005. The highest live weight. The mortlity ws not ffected either y nsity or feeds. The crcss prts were unffected y stocking nsity nd feeding regimes, ut lower stocking nsity produced higher dressing percentge nd lower dominl ft. The highest profit mrgin ws found in higher stocking nsity group fed on crumle feed. So, 1 irds/m fed on crumle feed is suggestive for commercil roiler production in summer condition of Bnglsh rering up to 6 weeks of ge. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The uthors re very grteful to the Ministry of Science nd Informtion nd Communiction Technology for funding to conduct the reserch project. Authors lso cknowledge the Deprtment of Animl Husndry for permission of using the Deprtmentl Poultry Frm, Sher-E-Bngl Agriculturl University, Dhk, Bnglsh. REFERENCES AL-Ridwi, Y. nd R.A. Singh, Effect of protein level nd stocking nsity on roiler performnce in different sesons. In. J. Poult. Sci., 4: effect of feed regimen on scites induced y cold tempertures nd growth performnce in mle roilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 4: Brickett, K.E., J.P. Dhiy, H.L. Clssen nd S. Gomis, 007. Influence of dietry nutrient nsity, feed form nd lighting on growth nd met yield of roiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 86: Chrles, D.R., Temperture for roilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 4: Chew, P.C., The effect of floor spce on roiler performnce nd profit mximiztion. Poult. Astrcts, 4: 85. Choi, J.H., B.S. So, K.S. Ryu nd S.L. Kng, Effects of pelleted or crumled diets on the performnce nd the velopment of the digestive orgns of roilers. Poult. Sci., 65: Christopher, T.G., E. Mutndw, J. Chihiy nd R. Mlmo, 006. A comprtive economic nlysis of msh nd pelleted feed in roiler production unr ep litter housing system. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: Deton, J.W., J.D. Simmons nd J.D. My, Light intensity t night for roiler for roilers rered unr summer temperture. Poult. Sci., 68:

10 Int. J. Poult. Sci., 10 (5): , 011 Deton, J.W., F.N. Reece nd T.H. Vrdmn, The Lemme, A., P.J.A. Wijtten, J. vn Wichen, A. Petri nd D.J. effects of temperture nd nsity on roiler Lnghout, 006. Responses of mle growing performnce. Poult. Sci., 47: roilers to incresing levels of lnced protein Diego Puron, Rul Sntmri, C. Jose Segur nd L. offered s corse msh or pellets of vrying qulity. Jose Almill, Broiler performnce t different Poult. Sci., 85: stocking nsities. Poult. Res., 4: Mkowski, W., K. Kleczek nd D. Murwsk, 005. Dozier, W.A., J.P. Txton, J.L. Purswell, H.A. Olnrewju, Effects of stocking nsity nd ccess to the run S.L. Brnton nd W.B. Roush, 006. Stocking re on production results nd slughter vlue in nsity effects on mle roilers grown to 1.8 roiler chickens. Polish J. Nturl Sci., 18: Kilogrms of ody weight. Poult. Sci., 85: McAllister, A., K.J. McCrcken nd F.A. Mgee, 000. Dozier, W.A., J.P. Thxton, S.L. Brnton, G.M. Morgn, Influence of grinding, rolling nd pelleting on the D.M. Miles, W.B. Roush, B.D. Lott nd Y. Vizzier- nutritionl vlue of grin sorghums nd yellow corn Thxton, 005. Stocking nsity effects on growth for roilers. World's Poult. Sci. J., 56: 15-. performnce nd processing yields of hevy Meluzzi, A., C. Fri, E. Folegtti nd F. Sirri, 008. roilers. Poult. Sci., 84: Survey of chicken rering conditions in Itly: Effects El-Deek, A.-A. nd M.-A. Al-Hrthi, 004. Responses of of litter qulity nd stocking nsity on productivity, morn roiler chicks to stocking nsity, green te, foot rmtitis nd crcse injuries. Br. Poult. Sci., commercil multi enzymes nd their interctions on 49: productive performnce, crcss chrcteristics, Mirgliott, M.Y., I.A. Ns, M.S. dos Brcho nd liver composition nd plsm constituents. Int. J. M.E.C. Ards, 00. Air qulity of two roiler Poult. Sci., 3: housing production with different ventiltion nd Feds, J.J., E.J. Emmnuel nd M.J. Zuidhof, 00. nsity- cse study. Engenhri Agricol, : Broiler performnce, ody weight vrince, feed Mizuuti, I.Y., A.R. Mens, E.L.A. Rieiro, M.A. d nd wter intke nd crcss qulity t Roch, D.S. Cmrgo nd I.P. Dngui, 000. different stocking nsities. Poult. Sci., 81: Effects of different stocking nsities nd feed restrictions on roiler performnce. Vet. Noticis, 6: Golin, A. nd S.A. Mirghelenj, 009. Effects of feed form on velopment of digestive trct, performnce nd Moreir, J., A.A. Mens, R.O. Roc, E.A. Grci, I.A. crcss trits of roiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., Ns, R.G. Grci nd I.C.L.A. Pz, : Effect of stocking nsity on the performnce, Gonzlez, E., O. Cstro, H. Pedroso nd G. Bere, crcss yield nd met qulity of roilers of different Housing nsity of roilers. Poult. Astr., 4: commercil strins. Revist Brsileir Zootecni, 33: Gonzlez, E., O. Cstro, H. Pedroso nd G. Bere, Mutetw, L., 001. Irvin's Ntionl Foods nd ZIMVET Housing nsity for roilers. Poult. Astr., 3: Newsletter, 8(). 57. Offiong, S.A., E.S. Bmigoye nd O.O. Ojeiyi, 001. Hdorn, R., H. Wiedmer nd H. Oester, 00. Different Assessment of stocking nsities on the stocking nsities in Swiss roiler production. performnce, ehviour nd crcss chrcteristics Agrrforschung, 9: of roiler chickens in the humid tropics. Glol J. Hulzeosch, I.J., 004. Stndrds Housing Poultry. Pure Applied Sci., 7: PTC+, 3770 AB Brneveld, The Netherlnds. Oliveir, J.E., N.K. Skomur, A.N. Figueiredo, J. Imed, N., 000. Influence of the stocking nsity nd Lucs Junior nd T.M.B. dos Sntos, 000. rering seson on incince of sudn th Effect of therml insultion unr the roof on syndrome in roiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 79: 01- performnce of roiler chickens stocked t different 04. nsities. Revist Brsileir Zootecni, 9: Jhn, M.S., M. Asduzzmn nd A.K. Srkr, Performnce of roiler fed on msh, pellet nd Rhmn, M., 003. Growth of poultry industry in crumle. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: Bnglsh: Poverty llevition nd employment Jylkshmi, T., R. Kumrrj, T. Sivkumr nd T.T. opportunity. Article presented in 3rd interntionl Vnn, 009. Crcss chrcteristics of poultry show nd seminr, 8 Ferury to Mrch, commercil roilers rered unr vrying stocking Bnglsh-Chin Friendship Conference Centre. nsities. Tmilndu J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 5: Dhk, Bnglsh, pp: 1-7. Koknroglu, H. nd A. Atilgn, 007. Effect of seson Rjini, R.A., R. Kumrrj, D. Nrhri, R. Rvindrn on roiler performnce nd sustinility of nd K. Sundresn, Influence of seson, roiler production. J. Sustinle Agric., 31: form of feed, dietry energy, ge nd sex on crcss trits of roilers. In. J. Poult. Sci., 33:

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