Production Performance of Broilers Fed with Crude Rice Bran Oil*

Transcription

1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5 (11): , 006 ISSN Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 006 Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* B. Ani, M. Moory nd K. Viswnn Deprtment of Poultry Science, Veterinry College nd Reserch Institute, Nmkkl , Tmil Ndu, Indi Astrct: An experiment ws conducted to study e inclusion of crude rice rn oil on production performnce, crcss chrcteristics nd iochemicl prmeters for period of seven weeks wi two hundred nd sixteen commercil, stright run dy-old Venco roiler chicks. These chicks were rndomly grouped into six tretments wi ree replictes of twelve chicks ech. The tretment groups consisted of 0 percent (T 1 ), 1 percent (T ), percent (T ), percent (T ), percent (T 5 ) nd 5 percent (T 6) crude rice rn oil included in e roiler diet. The results reveled t ere ws no significnt difference in ody weight nd ody weight gin etween tretment groups from first week to end of e experiment period except t second week (P<0.05). Similrly, no significnt difference ws recorded in feed consumption, feed conversion rtio nd crcss yields, ut in feed conversion rtio significnt (P<0.05) difference ws recorded t second week of ge. Livility ws 100 percent in ll e tretment groups except in T 6 wherein mortlity of one ird ws oserved during seven week of ge. The dominl ft percentge reveled no significnt difference mong vrious tretment groups y inclusion of crude rice rn oil. The rest muscle cholesterol reveled no significnt difference etween tretment groups. Wheres e men igh muscle cholesterol of oer tretment group irds ws significntly (P<0.05) lower n ose of control group. The serum totl cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol nd triglycerides level did not differ significntly etween tretment groups. The return over feed cost did not differ significntly etween tretment groups except t second week of ge. Bsed upon is study, it is concluded t e inclusion of crude rice rn oil up to percent in roiler rtion is recommended for etter grow nd high return over feed cost. Key words: Broilers, rice rn oil, production performnce Mterils nd Meods Two hundred nd sixteen commercil, stright run dy- old Venco roiler chicks elonging to single htch were purchsed from locl htchery, wing nded, weighed nd rndomly llotted into six tretment groups wi ree replictes of twelve chicks ech. The chicks were rered in roiler cges in gle roofed, open sided house. All e chicks were provided wi uniform floor, feeder nd wterer spce nd were rered under rn oil in met type chicken is highly eneficil for stndrd mngement conditions roughout e furer development of poultry industry. experimentl period of seven weeks. Introduction Poultry industry scenrio in Indi hs een in stte of phenomenl nd commendle grow for e pst ree decdes. At present, is industry hs emerged s e most dynmic nd fstest expnding segment in niml husndry sector wi n nnul grow rte of 6 percent in 1980s, 11 percent in 1990s nd 19 percent in in roiler chicken production. Wi n nnul production of round 1,0 ousnd metric tonnes of roiler met, Indi rnks fif in e world (Poultry Interntionl Executive Guide, 00; Mndl et l., 005). Rice is e principl cerel for humn food in souern sttes of Indi nd e y-products from its milling re ville s importnt feed resources. Cerel yproducts nd oil seed residues, usully constituting out 50 percent of poultry diet. Compred to cerels, e usge of oils s sources of energy in roiler feed helps to reduce e cost of production. The production of rice rn oil in souern sttes of Indi is.5 lkh metric tonnes / nnum s edile nd 1. metric tonnes / nnum s inedile (Se Millennium Hnd Book, 00). Since, e rice rn oil is ville loclly in e souern poultry elt of Indi, reserch on feeding vlue of rice In roilers, dietry inclusion of rice rn oil cn result in improved grow rte, higher weight gin nd etter feed conversion rtio nd low cost of feed per kilogrm of live weight (Purushomn et l., 005). Cholesterol lowering properties re present in rice rn oil (Berger et l., 005). Gmm-oryznol, phytosteryl ferulte mixture extrcted from rice rn oil, hs wide spectrum of iologicl ctivities, lso it hs ntioxidnt properties (Julino et l., 005). Severl eneficil effects of rice rn oil in roilers cn lso e otined y including it in crude form in roiler feed ecuse of its low cost. Hence, e present study ws crried out to evlute e performnce of roilers y including crude rice rn oil t different levels in eir diet. 106

2 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Experimentl diet: The experimentl diet ws t second week due to dietry inclusion of crude rice formulted ccording to e stndrds prescried in rn oil. The men ody weight of T nd T ws Bureu of Indin Stndrds (BIS, 199). Crude rice rn significntly (P<0.05) lower n control group t second oil ws included in e sl diet nd e following week of ge. experimentl groups were formed. T 1 - Control Feed consumption nd feed conversion rtio (FCR): T - 1 percent crude rice rn oil The nlysis of dt on men cumultive feed T - percent crude rice rn oil consumption reveled no significnt difference etween T - percent crude rice rn oil tretment groups from first to seven week. The T 5 - percent crude rice rn oil cumultive feed consumption ws 579.5, 57.75, T - 5 percent crude rice rn oil 57.71, 55.89, 59.8 nd g in T, T, T, 6 The roiler strter nd finisher diets were fed d liitum to e irds from 1 to 1 nd to 9 dys of ge, respectively. The diets were sujected to proximte nlysis s per AOAC (1995). Dt on ody weight, feed consumption were recorded every week nd mortlity ws recorded t occurrence. From e ove dt ody weight gin, feed efficiency nd livility were clculted. 6 T 1, T 5 nd T respectively t seven week of ge. Sttisticl nlysis of dt on feed conversion rtio reveled no significnt difference up to seven week of ge except t second week. The men cumultive feed conversion rtio in T nd T ws significntly (P<0.05) poorer compred to control group t second week of ge. Crcss chrcteristics Crcss yield: The crcss chrcteristics viz. pre- slughter, New York dressed, eviscerted weights, redy-to-cook percentge nd gilets weight did not differ significntly etween e tretment groups y inclusion of crude rice rn oil. The redy-to-cook percentge ws numericlly higher in T compred to ll oer tretment groups. Crcss chrcteristics: At e end of 9 dy of ge, one mle nd one femle from ech replicte, totlly six irds per tretment group were rndomly picked up, lood smples were collected for mesuring e serum iochemicl chrcteristics nd slughtered s per e meod of Arumugm nd Pnd (1970). The preslughter live weight, New York dressed weight, eviscerted crcss weight, gilets weight, redy-tocook crcss weight nd dominl ft weight were recorded. Redy-to-cook yield nd dominl ft percentge were clculted on live weight sis. The igh nd rest muscle smples were collected from o ech crcss nd stored t -0 C for estimtion of totl met cholesterol. Muscle cholesterol: The met smples were chopped nd minced wi mortr nd pestle. The totl lipid ws extrcted from e muscle smples s per e meod of Folch et l. (1957) nd e totl met cholesterol ws estimted y one-step meod of Wyeng et l. (1970). Serum iochemistry: Blood smples collected from six irds rndomly picked up for slughter from ech tretment group were llowed to clot nd centrifuged for 0 min t 1500 rpm to seprte e ser. The ser o smples were stored t -0 C for e nlysis of serum totl cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol nd triglycerides. Sttisticl nlysis: The dt collected on vrious prmeters were sujected to sttisticl nlysis s per e meods suggested y Snedecor nd Cochrn (1989). Angulr trnsformtion ws pplied to percentge wherever needed efore crrying out sttisticl nlysis. Results Body weight: Sttisticl nlysis reveled no significnt difference in ody weight of roilers up to 7 week except Livility: Livility ws 100 percent in ll e tretment groups except in T 6 t seven week of ge wherein one mortlity ws oserved during e experimentl period. Adominl ft percentge: Anlysis of dt on men dominl ft percentge reveled no significnt difference etween tretment groups y inclusion of crude rice rn oil t different levels. The dominl ft percentge ws incresed correspondingly to e inclusion level of crude rice rn oil in e diet ut it ws lower when compred to control group. Muscle cholesterol: Anlysis of vrince of dt on rest muscle cholesterol level reveled no significnt difference etween tretment groups. But, igh muscle cholesterol level differ significntly (P<0.05) etween e tretment groups. Liner decrese in igh muscle cholesterol ws oserved in groups fed wi crude rice rn oil from 1 to 5 percent. The men igh muscle cholesterol of ese groups were significntly (P<0.05) lower n control group. Serum iochemistry Serum totl cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol nd triglycerides: Anlyses of vrince of dt on serum totl cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol nd triglycerides level reveled no significnt difference etween tretment groups. All e serum iochemicl prmeters decresed linerly s e 107

3 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Tle 1: Ingredients nd nutrient composition (%DM) of roiler strter rtion Ingredients T1 T T T T5 T6 Mize Soy Fish mel DORB Clcite DCP Crude rice rn oil Totl Supplements 1 Vitmins ABDK B-Complex Trce minerls Lysine Meionine DOT Slt Endox Toxin inder Totl Nutrients Crude protein M.E (kcl/kg)* Crude fire Eer extrct Totl sh Nitrogen free extrct* Clcium Totl Phosphorus Lysine* Meionine* *Clculted vlues. One grm of vitmin ABD K supplement contined 8500 IU of vitmin-a, 50 mg of vitmin-b, 1000 IU of vitmin-d nd 10 mg of vitmin-k. One grm of B-complex supplement contined 80 mg of vitmin-b 1,16 mg of vitmin-b 6, 80 mcg of vitmin-b 1, 80 mg of vitmin-e, 10 mg of nicin, 8 mg of folic cid, 80 mg of clcium pntoente nd 86 mg of clcium. One grm of trce minerls contined 5 mg of mngnese, 5 mg of zinc, 0 mg of iron, mg of iodine nd 1 mg of colt. 5 6 One grm of DOT contined Dinitro-oro-tolumide 5 mg w/w. Eoxyquin, BHT nd chelting gents. Hydrted sodium lumino silicte (HSCAS), orgnic cids, vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, mnnnoligoscchride (MOS) ctivted chrcol nd lipotropic fctors. inclusion level of crude rice rn oil ws incresed in e diet. The serum iochemicl prmeters in ll tretment groups were lower compred to control. Discussion Body weight: Sttisticl nlysis of dt on ody weight reveled no significnt difference mong e tretment groups due to dietry inclusion of crude rice rn oil. However, numericlly higher ody weight ws oserved in crude rice rn oil included groups (T, T nd T ) t seven week of ge (Deton et l., 1981; Purushomn et l., 005). It ws consistent wi Fn et l. (1995) who reported t growing chickens fed wi rice rn oil or mize or lended oil did not significntly ffect e ody weight gin. On e contrry, Murugesn (1997) oserved significnt (P<0.05) increse in weight gin (15 g) in percent Acidulted Rice rn oil Sopstock (ARS) fed group compred to t of control (10.8 g) group. Similrly, Purushomn et l. (000) reported t e ody weight gin in strter phse ws significntly high in rice rn oil fed group n e control group nd 1 percent plm oil fed group, ut no significnt difference ws oserved mong e tretments in ody weight gin in finisher phse. Feed consumption nd feed conversion rtio (FCR): The nlysis of dt on men cumultive feed consumption nd feed conversion rtio reveled no significnt difference etween tretment groups. T nd T consumed numericlly more feed n control group (Dle nd Fuller, 1980) nd mong tretment groups T consumed lower mount of feed. The feed conversion rtio ws superior in T compred to ll oer tretment groups. This finding fvourly compred wi ose erlier reports of Fn et l. (1995) who reported t no significnt difference in feed conversion rtio in growing chickens fed wi rice rn oil or mize oil or lended oil. Similrly, Atteh et l. (198) stted t incresing niml - vegetle lend ft content in roiler diets hd no significnt effect on feed consumption. Nitsn et l. (1997) expressed similr opinion out e inclusion of ft in roiler diet. On e contrry, Purushomn et l. (005) stted t 108

4 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Tle : Ingredients nd nutrient composition (%DM) of roiler finisher rtion Ingredients T1 T T T T5 T6 Mize Soy Fish mel DORB Clcite DCP Crude rice rn oil Totl Supplements 1 Vitmins ABDK B-Complex Trce minerls Lysine Meionine DOT Slt Endox Toxin inder Totl Nutrients Crude protein M.E (kcl/kg)* Crude fire Eer extrct Totl sh Nitrogen free extrct* Clcium Totl Phosphorus Lysine* Meionine* *Clculted vlues. 1One grm of vitmin ABD K supplement contined 8500 IU of vitmin-a, 50mg of vitmin-b, 1000 IU of vitmin-d nd 10mg of vitmin-k. One grm of B-complex supplement contined 80mg of vitmin-b 1,16mg of vitmin-b 6, 80mcg of vitmin-b 1, 80mg of vitmin-e, 10mg of nicin, 8mg of folic cid, 80mg of clcium pntoente nd 86mg of clcium. One grm of trce minerls contined 5mg of mngnese, 5mg of zinc, 0mg of iron, mg of iodine nd 1mg of colt. One grm of 5 6 DOT contined Dinitro-oro-tolumide 5mg w/w. Eoxyquin, BHT nd chelting gents. Hydrted sodium lumino silicte (HSCAS), orgnic cids, vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, mnnnoligoscchride (MOS) ctivted chrcol nd lipotropic fctors. during finisher phse (-6 weeks) e feed consumption rn oil. Redy-to-cook percentge ws numericlly in e rice rn oil nd tllow fed groups were high in T compred to ll oer tretment groups due to significntly higher n control group. low dominl ft wstge. Evenough, redy-to-cook percentge ws low in T 6, ere ws no significnt Livility: The nlysis of dt on livility reveled no difference mong tretment groups which ws in significnt difference etween tretment groups. There greement wi e findings of Murugesn (1997) who ws only one ird mortlity in T6 t 7 week of ge during reported no significnt difference in crcss yield, liver e entire experimentl period which indicted e ft weight nd muscle lipid content y inclusion of inclusion of crude rice rn oil in roiler diet up to 5 Acidulted Rice rn oil Sopstock (ARS) in roiler diet. percent on isocloric nd isonitrogenous sis hd no Similrly, Purushomn et l. (000) nd (005) effect on livility. It ws consistent wi Atteh et l. reported t no significnt difference in dressed weight, (198) who oserved t supplementtion of niml - liver weight nd skin weight mong e vrious groups vegetle lend ft hd no effect on mortlity t weeks fed wi plm oil, rice rn oil nd tllow in roiler diet. of ge in mle roilers. Similrly, Vnschouroek et l. Rju et l. (005) lso reported t ddition of (1971) reported t ddition of niml ft nd vegetle sunflower oil t 0 to 60 g/kg hd little or no effect on oils (.5 percent) to e chick rtion hd no effect on redy-to-cook yield nd ft content of muscle nd skin of mortlity. roilers. Crcss chrcteristics Crcss yield: Sttisticl nlysis of dt on crcss chrcteristics reveled no significnt difference mong tretment groups due to dietry inclusion of crude rice Adominl ft percentge: The nlysis of dt on dominl ft percentge reveled no significnt difference mong tretment groups due to dietry inclusion of crude rice rn oil. This finding fvourly 109

5 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Tle : Men (±S.E.) ody weight (g/ird) of roilers fed diet wi different levels of crude rice rn oil Age (weeks) Inclusion level of crude rice rn oil T1-0% T - 1% T - % T - % T5 - % T6-5% Htch weight 9.± ± ±0. 8.5± ± ±0.58 I Week 19.9± ± ± ± ± ±. II Week ±.00 c 5.8 ±1.08 c 7.8 ± ± ± ±5.16 III Week 700.5± ± ± ± ± ±1.9 IV Week 1097.± ± ± ± ± ±0.8 V Week 158.1± ± ± ± ± ±5.88 VI Week ± ± ± ± ± ±79.50 VII Week 5.0± ± ± ± ± ± c Ech vlue is men of 6 oservtions. Mens wiin row wi no common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05) Tle : Men (±S.E.) cumultive feed consumption (g/ird) of roilers fed diet wi different levels of crude rice rn oil Age Inclusion level of crude rice rn oil (weeks) T1-0% T - 1% T - % T - % T5 - % T6-5% I Week 10.5± ± ± ± ± ±.51 II Week 8.81± ±1.1 6.±9.0.1± ±1.0.7±7.7 III Week ± ± ± ± ± ±9.0 IV Week ± ±.7 07.± ± ± ±19.5 V Week 00.78± ± ± ± ± ±8.81 VI Week 1.± ± ± ± ± ±55.87 VII Week 55.89± ± ± ± ± ±56.9 Ech vlue is men of oservtions Tle 5: Men (±S.E.) cumultive feed conversion rtio of roilers fed diet wi different levels of crude rice rn oil Age Inclusion level of crude rice rn oil (weeks) T1-0% T - 1% T - % T - % T5 - % T6-5% I Week 1.1± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 II Week 1.8 ± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 III Week 1.67± ± ± ± ± ±0.05 IV Week 1.9± ± ± ± ± ±0.0 V Week.06±0.0.11±0.0.09± ±0.0.0± ±0.05 VI Week.±0.0.1±0.01.±0.06.1±0.0.17±0.01.1±0.09 VII Week.±0.05.±0.0.±0.06.1±0.0.1±0.0.5±0.1 Ech vlue is men of oservtions. -c Mens wiin row wi no common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05) percent hd no significnt (P>0.05) effect on dominl Brest muscle hd lower cholesterol vlues n igh compred wi erlier reports of Griffis et l. (1977) muscle, ecuse of its lower ft content. Cholesterol who oserved t e dietry ft levels of 0,, 6 nd 9 ft content ws significntly influenced y e dietry ftty pd size in mle roiler chickens t 8 weeks of ge. cid profile in roiler chickens t 9 dys of ge (Crespo Similrly, Alo nd Blnve (1985) reported t neier nd Esteve-Grci, 001). type of ft supplement nor e level of supplementtion hd ny significnt influence on crcss ft content Serum iochemistry of mle roilers. Serum totl cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol nd triglycerides: Sttisticl nlysis of Muscle cholesterol: The nlysis of dt on rest dt on serum iochemicl prmeters reveled no muscle cholesterol reveled no significnt diff erence significnt difference mong e tretment groups y mong tretment groups due to dietry inclusion of dietry inclusion of crude rice rn oil. There ws crude rice rn oil. But e igh muscle cholesterol proportionl decrese in e vlues of totl serum reveled significnt (P<0.05) difference mong e cholesterol when e level of inclusion of crude rice rn tretment groups. It ws consistent wi Rmesh Kumr oil in e diet ws incresed from 1 to 5 percent. This (000) who reveled t totl cholesterol content of finding ws consistent wi Fn et l. (1995) who muscle ws significntly reduced in groups fed reported t serum triglycerides nd LDL cholesterol sunflower seed, sunflower oil nd rice rn oil when re lowered in growing chickens fed wi diet contining compred to groups fed tllow, plm oil nd no ft / oil lended oil (rice rn oil + mize oil). in roilers. Similrly, Rmesh Kumr (000) stted t totl 1050

6 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Tle 6: Men (±S.E.) crcss chrcteristics nd iochemicl prmeters of roilers t 7 weeks of ge fed diet wi different levels of crude rice rn oil Crcss Inclusion level of crude rice rn oil chrcteristics T1-0% T - 1% T - % T - % T5 - % T6-5% Pre-slughter 5.0± ± ± ± ± ± live weight (g) New York dressed ± ± ±9. 16.± ± ±16.60 weight (g) Eviscerted ± ± ± ± ± ±11.5 crcss weight (g) Redy-to-cook 75.7± ± ±0.1 75± ± ±.08 yield (%) Gilets (g) Gizzrd 50.67±.79.67±1.67.8±.18 5±.89.17± ±1.6 Liver 5.5±1.91.5±.19 1.± ±.59.5±.5.67±1.17 Hert 1.17±0.1 1±0.9 1± ± ± ±0.95 Adominl ft 0.96 ± ± ± ± ± ±0.07 percentge Brest muscle 86.79± ± ± ± ±9.5.7±.50 cholesterol Thigh muscle ± ± ± ± ±0.51 c 50. ±.8 cholesterol Totl cholesterol 90.96± ± ± ± ± ±5.97 HDL cholesterol 5.9± ± ± ±1. 7.8± ±1.70 LDL cholesterol 61.8± ± ± ± ±5.5. ±5.7 Triglycerides 1.5 ± ± ± ± ± ±0.71 Ech vlue is men of 6 oservtions. -cmens wiin row wi no common superscript differ significntly (P<0.05) cholesterol contents of serum were significntly reduced nd HDL cholesterol contents of serum were significntly incresed in groups fed wi sunflower seed, sunflower oil nd rice rn oil. Acknowledgement The uors re nkful to e Registrr, Tmil Ndu Veterinry nd Animl Sciences University, Chenni nd e Den, Veterinry College nd Reserch Institute, Nmkkl, Tmil Ndu, Indi for e finncil support nd fcilities provided to crry out is reserch. References Alo, S.J. nd D. Blnve, Nutritionl significnce of different ft source for growing roilers. Poult. Sci., 6: AOAC, Officil Meods of Anlysis. 16 edn, Assocition of Officil Anlyticl Chemists, Arlington, Virgini, USA. Arumugm, M.P. nd B. Pnd, Processing nd inspection of Poultry. Indin Veterinry Reserch Institute, Iztngr, Uttr Prdesh. Atteh, J.O., S. Leeson nd R.J. Julin, 198. Effects of dietry levels nd types of ft on performnce nd minerl metolism of roiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 6: Berger, A., A. Rein, D. Schfer, I. Monnrd, G. Gremud, P. Lmelet nd C. Bertoli, 005. Similr cholesterol-lowering properties of rice rn oil, wi vried gmm-oryznol, in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Eur. J. Nutr., : B.I.S., 199. Nutrient requirement for poultry. Bureu of Indin Stndrds, I.S Crespo, N. nd E. Esteve-Grci, 001. Dietry ftty cid profile modifies dominl ft deposition in roiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 80: Dle, N.M. nd H.L. Fuller, Effect of diet composition on feed intke nd grow of chicks under het stress. II. Constnt vs. cycling tempertures. Poult. Sci., 59: Deton, J.W., J.L. McNughton, F.N. Reece nd B.D. Lott, Adominl ft of roilers s influenced y dietry level of niml ft. Poult. Sci., 60: Fn, Q., J. Feng, S. Wu, K. Specht nd S. She, Nutritionl evlution of rice rn oil nd lend wi corn oil. Nhrung. 9: (Poult. Astr., : 118). Folch, J., M. Lees nd G.H.S. Stnley, A simple meod for e isoltion nd purifiction of totl lipids from niml tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 6:

7 Ani et l.: Production Performnce of Broilers Fed wi Crude Rice Brn Oil* Griffis, L., S. Leeson nd J.D. Summers, Influence of energy system nd level of vrious ft sources on performnce nd crcss composition of roilers. Poult. Sci., 56: Julino, C., M. Cossu, M.C. Almnni nd L. Piu, 005. Antioxidnt ctivity of gmm-oryznol: mechnism of ction nd its effect on oxidtive stility of phrmceuticl oils. Int. J. Phrm., 99: Mndl, A.B., A.V. Elngovn nd Prveen Tygi, 005. Poultry nutrition for economic egg nd met production: A review. Ind. J. Anim. Sci., 75: Murugesn, V., Utiliztion of sopstock s n energy source in roiler rtion, M.V.Sc., esis sumitted to Tmil Ndu Veterinry nd Animl Sciences University, Chenni. Nitsn, Z., A. Dvorin, Z. Zoref nd S. Mokdy, Effect of dded soyen oil nd dietry energy on metolizle nd net energy of roiler diets. Br. Poult. Sci., 8: Poultry Interntionl Executive Guide, 00. Wtt Pulishing Co., 1 S, Wesley, AVE, Mt. Morris, Illinois, , USA. pp: 18 nd. Purushomn, M.R., P. Vsn, B. Mohn nd R. Rvi, 005. Utiliztion of tllow nd rice rn oil in feeding roilers. Ind. J. Poult. Sci., 0: Purushomn, M.R., P. Vsn, R. Rvi nd B. Mohn, 000. Effect of plm oil, rice rn oil nd tllow on roiler production. Souvenir, Led Ppers nd Reserch Astrcts in IPSACON. PPN 5: 10. Rju, M.V.L.N., S.V. Rm Ro, K. Rdhik nd A.K. Pnd, 005. Effect of mount nd source of supplementl dietry vegetle oil on roiler chickens exposed to fltoxicosis. Br. Poult. Sci., 6: Rmesh Kumr, S., 000. Nutritive vlue of sunflower seeds in roiler rtion, M.V.Sc., esis sumitted to Tmil Ndu Veterinry nd Animl Sciences University, Chenni. Se Millennium Hnd Book on Indin Vegetle Oil Industry nd Trde, 00. The Solvent Extrctors Assocition of Indi, 1, Jolly Mrker Chmers, No., 1 Floor, 5, Nirmn Point, Mumi , pp Snedecor, G.W. nd W.G. Cochrn, Sttisticl meods. 8 edn, Iow Stte University Press / Ames, Iow Vnschouroek, F., G. Vermeersch nd R. De Scgruhver, A comprison of e effect of lrd nd soyen oil on food nd wter intke, ody weight, food conversion efficiency nd mortlity of roiler chicks. Poult. Sci., 50: Wyeng, D.R., V.J. Pileggi, Ph. H. Dirstine nd J.D. Giorgio, Direct mnul determintion of serum totl cholesterol wi single stle regent. Clin. Chem., 16: *Prt of e M.V.Sc., esis sumitted to e Tmil Ndu Veterinry nd Animl Sciences University, Chenni, Tmil Ndu, Indi y e first uor 105