Effect of Graded Levels of Niacin Supplementation on Total Mixed Ration Containing Different Non-Protein Nitrogen Sources in vitro

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1 Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4, p Deemer 2015 DOI: / X Effet of Gre Levels of Niin Supplementtion on Totl Mixe Rtion Contining Different Non-Protein Nitrogen Soures in vitro Tejeer Singh, Jspl Singh Lm*, Rviner Singh Grewl n Shshi Sijpul Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, College of Veterinry Sienes, Guru Ang Dev Veterinry n Animl Sienes University, Luhin, Punj, INDIA *Corresponing uthor: Jspl Singh Lm; Emil: jsplsinghgvsu@gmil.om Reeive: 14 Otoer, 2015 Aepte: 22 Otoer, 2015 ABSTRACT The present stuy ws unertken to stuy the effet of vrying levels of niin supplementtion(0, 200, 400 n 600 ppm, respetively) on low ure se totl mixe rtion (TMR)repling 10% of totl rue protein (CP) of rtion with ifferent non protein nitrogen (NPN) soures y in vitro gs proution tehnique. All the rtions were iso-nitrogeneous in nture.on the sis of higher prtition ftor, neutrl etergent fire egrility (NDFD%), orgni mtter egrility (OMD%), miroil mss proution n effiieny of miroil mss proutionfrom ifferent NPN soures. Supplementtion of vrying levels of niin in low ure se TMR i not hve ny signifint effet on miroil mss proution n its effiieny. The in vitro ph n NH3 onentrtion ws signifintly (P<0.05) reue t 600ppm level of niin supplementtion. The totl voltile ftty is (TVFA) onentrtion ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) in ontrol TMR n lowest in uromol se TMR. Niin supplementtion proue signifintly higher (P<0.05) TVFA t 200ppm level n lowest (P<0.05) t 600ppm in TMR. It n e onlue tht slow relese ure seems to e etter option thn ure n uromol s NPN supplement in the iets of ruminnts when low (10% of totl CP) ure se TMR is to e prepre. Keywors: In vitro gs proution, niin, NPN soures, totl mixe rtion Rumen miroorgnisms n synthesize niin. Niin is wter-solule B-vitmin tht onsists of pyrimiine ring with either n mie or roxyli i sie group tthe to position 5. Sie groups istinguish the two iologil forms of niin: niotinmie (NAM) n niotini i (NA), respetively. Both NA n NAM n e inorporte into niotinmie enine inuleotie (NAD), whih is n essentil oenzyme for mny oxition retions in energy metolism. Consequently niin plys ritil role in mitohonri respirtion n the metolism of rohyrte, lipis n mino is. Niin present in the fees is generlly in oun form n is unville to nimls n humn eings. But, reent reserh finings suggest tht miroil proution of niin in the rumen is not s per the requirements of lves n high prouing iry ows in erly lttion (Cmpell et l. 1994). The niin ontent in feestuffs for ruminnts n vry wiely. A vriety of protein soures n e use s the min soure of protein in the iet of ruminnts. Plnt proteins n niml protein re some of the est protein soures to e use ut re very expensive n not lwys eonomilly justifie. The non protein nitrogen (NPN) soures re most ommonly use s protein supplements ue to the

2 Singh et l. ility of ruminnts to utilize the nitrogen, its high nitrogen ensity n low ost per unit nitrogen. Hene this stuy ws eing plnne to see the effet of vrying levels of niin supplementtion on nitrogen utiliztion from ifferent NPN soures in totl mixe rtions (TMR) y invitro gs proution tehnique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animl feeing n smple nlysis: Rumen liquor ws ollete in the morning from fistulte nimls efore feeing n wtering into pre-wrme thermo-flsk n rought to the lortory. Donor nimls were fe on sl iet 3kg n whet strw liitum). The in vitro gs proution ws one oringto Menke et l. (1979).The mount of net gs proue (NGP) ws use to lulte the metolizle energy (ME) vlue. Neutrl etergent fire (NDF) of the resiue ws lso etermine. Totl egrle smple (TDS), orgni mtter egrility (OMD), prtition ftor (PF), % orgni mtter egrility (% OMD), % neutrl etergent fire egrility (% NDFD), miroil iomss proution (MBP), effiieny of miroil mss proution (EMMP), true igestiility (TD) n short hin ftty is (SCFA) were lulte oring to formule suggeste y Mkkr (2004). Volltile ftty is (VFAs) were estimte y (Cottoyn n Bouque, 1968) using gs liqui hromtogrphy (GLC) tehnique using Net Chrom-9100 moel. The gs olumn (6 ft length n 1/8 inh imeter) pke with hromosor 101 ws use for the estimtion of VFA. The gs flows for nitrogen hyrogen n zero ir were 30, 30, n 320 ml/min, respetively. Temperture of injetor oven, olumn even n etetor were 270 C, 172 C respetively. Sttistil nlysis Dt foun fromin-vitro stuy were nlyze1x3x4 ftoril esign (Sneeor n Cohrn, 1994), y using SPSS Version 19. The ifferenes in mens were teste y Tukey B. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The hemil omposition of ifferent TMR s ontining nturl protein, slow relese ure, uromol n ure with vrying niin levels is shown in Tle 1. The effet of ifferent NPN soures irrespetive of ifferent niin levels n level of replement s 10 % of totl CP of TMR in 60:40 rtios ws stuie on in vitro utiliztion of nutrients n presente in Tle 2. The net gs proution ws signifintly (p<0.05) lower in slow 730 relese ure rtion (83.88ml) n ws highest (P<0.05) in ure se TMR (94.75ml). The mount of truly egre sustrte (TDS) ws signifintly lower (P<0.05) in slow relese ure rtion ( mg) n ws highest in ure se TMR ( mg ). The PF is the rtio of orgni mtter egre (mg) in vitro to the volume of gs (ml) proue. A higher PF mens tht proportionlly more of the egre mtter is inorporte into miroil mss i.e. the effiieny of miroil protein synthesis is higher. The PF lulte in vitro provies useful informtion for preiting the ry mtter intke, MBP in the rumen n the methne emission of the whole ruminnt niml. In this stuy PF vlue ws signifintly lower (p<0.05) in ure se TMR (2.83) followe y ontrol TMR (2.99) n higher PF vlue ws oserve in slow relese ure se TMR (3.39). The OMD% ws signifintly lowest (P<0.05) in uromol (78.08 %) n ure se rtions (78.15 %) n signifintly higher (P<0.05) in slow relese ure se rtions (83.43%), where s NDFD % ws signifintly lowe r(p<0.05) in ontrol TMR(52.02 %) n highest in slow relese ure TMR(57.91%). MBP (154.36mg) s well s EMMP (54.61 %) ws signifintly higher (p<0.05) in TMR ontining slow relese ure s NPN soure. ME ws signifintly lower (9.47) in uromol se TMR; however it ws omprle in other TMR s n in ontrol TMR. The SCFA ws signifintly lower (p<0.05) in uromol se rtion n ws oserve signifintly higher in ure se TMR, ut it ws omprle in oth ontrol n slow relese ure se TMR. The onentrtion of mmoni ws signifintly lower (P<0.05) in slow relese ure se TMR(21.69mg/l) n highest(p<0.05) in uromol followe y ure n ontrol TMR. The mount of fermentle methne (0.529mmole) n fermentle ron ioxie (0.338mmole) ws signifintly lower (P<0.05) in TMR hving uromol s NPN soure where s oth these were signifintly higher (P<0.05) in ure se TMR. Effet of niin supplementtion t vrying levels in TMR hving 60:40 roughge: onentrte rtio repling 10% of totl protein, irrespetive of ifferent NPN soures n level of replement on in vitro utiliztion of nutrients is given in (Tle 3). Net gs proution ws signifintly reue (P<0.05)with higher level of niin supplementtion t 600ppm level (88.13 ml) n ws oserve higher t 200ppm level of niin supplementtion.. The PF in TMR t ll levels of niin supplementtion vrie from 2.96 to 3.09 lthough the results were non-signifint. The OMD % vrie from 79.90% t 0ppm TMR n 80.13% t 600ppm level of Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer 2015

3 Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer 2015 CP-rue protein, OM-orgni mtter, NDF-nutrient etergent fire, ADF-i etergent fire, TCHO-totl rohyrte, NFC-non fire rohyrte, HC-hemiellulose. Tle 1: Chemil Composition of niin supplemente totl mixe rtions with ifferent NPN soures Effet of gre levels of niin supplementtion on totl mixe rtion ontining ifferent

4 Singh et l. Tle 2: Effet of ifferent NPN soures on in vitro sustrte egrtion of gre levels of niin supplemente TMR Prmeters Uromol Soures Slow relese Ure Control Ure NGP, ml TDS,mg PF OMD, % NDFD, % MBP, mg EMMP,% TD,% SCFA,(m mole) ph ME,MJ/kg DM NH3- N, mg/l Ferm.CO Ferm.CH Mens ering ifferent supersripts in row iffer signifintly (p<0.05). NGP-net gs proution, TDS-truelyegre sustrte, PF-prtition ftor, OMD-orgni mtter egrility, NDFD-neutrl etergent fire egrility, MBP-miroil iomss proution, EMMP-effiieny of miroil mss proution, TD-true egrility, SCFA-short hin ftty is, ME-metolizle energy. niin supplementtion. The MBP t 0ppm level ws mg however, t 600ppm niin level MBP ws theoretilly higher (144.41mg) lthough results were non-signifint. The effiieny of miroil mss proution ws oserve higher(53.27%) t 600ppm niin level n lowest t 200ppm level ut they were sttistilly non-signifint. ME ws signifintly lower (P<0.05) t 600ppm (9.82) level n signifintly higher(p<0.05) t 200ppm level of niin supplementtion(10.08). The SCFA ws signifintly lower (p<0.05) t 600ppm level of niin supplementtion(1.95 m Mole) n ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) t 200ppm level (2.03 mmol) where s t 0ppm n 400ppm level of niin supplementtion were sttistilly similr. Riell et l. (1980) oserve signifi nt reution of SCFA in the niotini i (NA) supplemente groups 6 h fter feeing, when rtion ontining 50 % forge ws fe. The ph vlue ws signifintly lower (P<0.05) t 600ppm (6.67) n ws sttistilly sme t other levels of niin supplementtion in TMR. 732 A erese of ph in rumen flui ws oserve y Riell et l. (1980) when niin ws supplemente with 1 g/l to the fermenttion vessel, whih ws onsierly higher supplementtion. The onentrtion of mmoni ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) t 0 ppm level (25.80 mg/l) followe y 400ppm (24.42 mg/l) n lowest t 600ppm n 200ppm level of niin supplementtion (22.97mg/l). Men mmoni-n onentrtion (mg/l SRL) ws signifintly (p<0.01) lowest in 600ppm n highest in non supplementl niin groups. Similr lower mmoni-n onentrtion ws reporte erlier in ttle (Riell et l. 1980, 1981; Horner et l. 1988) n uffloes (Nngi et l. 2000) tht reeive supplementl niin in their iet. The effet of vrying levels of niin supplementtion in ifferent TMR,s on fermentle methne ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) t 0ppm level followe y 200ppm n ws oserve lowest t 400ppm level of niin supplementtion. The mount of fermentle Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer 2015

5 Effet of gre levels of niin supplementtion on totl mixe rtion ontining ifferent... Tle 3: Effet of gre levels of niin on in vitro sustrte egrtion of TMR with ifferent NPN soures Prmeters NGP, ml Levels of niin supplementtion (ppm) TDS, mg PF OMD, % NDFD,% MMP, mg EMMP,% TD, % SCFA, m mole ph ME,MJ/kg DM NH -N mg/l 3 Fer m. CO2 Fer m. CH4 Mens ering ifferent supersripts in row iffer signifintly (p<0.05). ron ioxie ws signifintly lowest (P<0.05) t 600ppm level of niin supplementtion (0.532 m mole) however it ws sttistilly similr t 400ppm n 0ppm level of supplementtion. The effet of ifferent NPN soures, irrespetive of niin levels n level on totl n iniviul voltile ftty is is presente in (Tle 4). The TVFA ws signifintly lowest(p<0.05) in uromol se TMR (5.18mM/l) n ws signifintly higher(p<0.05) in ontrol TMR (5.93 mmole/l). The perent ette ws signifintly lowest (P<0.05) (67.59%) in uromol n highest in slow relese ure (68.27%) followe y ontrol n ure se TMR. The Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer 2015 propionte perent ws sttistilly higher (P<0.05) in ure n lowest in uromol se TMR. The perent is outyri ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) in slow relese TMR (1.59%) wheres it ws signifintly lower in ure se TMR(1.49%). The ette to propionte rtio ws signifintly lowest(p<0.05) in ure (3.52) n highest in uromol se TMR.(3.70) The effet of vrying levels of niin supplementtion on in vitro voltile ftty is, irrespetive of ifferent NPN soure n level of replement is presente in Tle 5. The TVFA onentrtion mmol/l ws signifintly lowest (P<0.05) t 600ppm level (

6 Singh et l. Tle 4: Effet of NPN soures irrespetive of gre level of niin onvoltile ftty is frtions (mmole/l) Prmeters Aeti i Propioni i Iso utyri i Butyri i Iso vleri i Vleri i TVFA Reltive proportion, % Aette Propionte Iso utyrte Butyrte Isovlerte Vlerte A:P rtio Ure Slow relese ure Uromol Control s Mens ering ifferent supersripts in row iffer signifintly (p<0.05). Tle 5: Effet of gre level of niin on voltile ftty is frtions irrespetive of NPN soures. Prmeters Levels of niin (ppm) 0 Aeti i Propioni i Iso utyri i Butyri i Isovleri i Vleri i TVFA Reltive proportion, % Aette Propionte Isovlerte Vlerte A:P rtio Iso utyrte Butyrte Mens ering ifferent supersripts in row iffer signifintly (p<0.05). mmole/l) n highest(p<0.05) t 400ppm level of niin supplementtion in TMR (5.90 mmole/l). The perent ette ws signifintly lowest (P<0.05) t 400ppm level ut it ws sttistilly omprle t 200ppm n 600ppm level of niin supplementtion in TMR,s., however it ws signifintly highest (P<0.05) t 0ppm level of niin. The rnhe hin ftty is isovleri n vleri perent ws signifintly highest (P<0.05) t 400ppm n lowest t 0ppm level of niin supplementtion. The A:P rtio ws signifintly lowest 734 (P<0.05) t 400ppm (3.54) n highest (P<0.05) t 0ppm level of niin supplementtion (3.67). CONCLU SION On the sis of higher PF, NDFD%, OMD%, MBP n EMMP it n e onlue tht slow relese ure seems to e etter option thn ure n uromol s NPN supplement in the iets of ruminnts when low (10% of totl CP) ure se TMR is to e prepre. Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer 2015

7 Effet of gre levels of niin supplementtion on totl mixe rtion ontining ifferent... Supplementtion of vrying levels of niin in low ure se TMR i not hve ny signifint effet on MBP n its effiieny. The in vitro ph n NH3 onentrtion ws signifintly (P<0.05) reue t 600ppm level of niin supplementtion. The TVFA onentrtion ws signifintly higher (P<0.05) in ontrol TMR n lowest in uromol se TMR. Niin supplementtion proue signifintly higher (P<0.05) TVFA t 200ppm level n lowest (P<0.05) t 600ppm in TMR. REFERENCES Cmpell, J M., Murphy. M.R., Christensen, R.A. n Ovetton, T.R Kinetis of niin supplements in ltting iry ows. J. Diry Si., 77: Cottyn, B.G. n Bouque, C.V Rpi methos for the gs hromtogrphi etermintion of voltile is in rumen flui. J. Agri. Foo Chem., 16: Horner, J.L., Coppok, C.E., Moy, J.R, Lore, J.M. n Lnhm, J.K Effets of Niin n Whole Cottonsee on Ruminl Fermenttion, Protein Degrility, n Nutrient Digestiility. J. Diry. Si., 71: resoures. In: Assessing Qulity n Sfety of Animl Fees. FAO Animl Proution n Helth Series 160. FAO, Rome, pp Menke, K.H., R, L., Slewski, A., Steingss, H., Fritz, D. n Sheiner, W The estimtion of the igestiility n metolizle energy ontent of ruminnt feestuffs from the gs proution when they re inute with rumen liquor in vitro. J. Agri. Si.Cm., 92: Nngi, O.P., Gupt, M., Sinhu, S. n Grg, S.K Influene of niin supplementtion on rumen fermenttion n miroil protein synthesis in uffloes. In. J. Anim. Si. 70: Riell, D.O., Brtley, E.E. n Dyton, A.D Effet of niotini i on rumen fermenttion in vitro n in vivo. J. Diry Si., 63(9): Riell, D.O., Brtley, E.E. n Dyton, A.D Effet of niotini i on miroil protein synthesis in vitro n on iry ttle growth n milk proution. J. Diry Si., 64: 782. Sneeor, G.W. n Cohrn, W.G Sttistil Methos, 11th En. The Iow Stte University Press, Ames, IA, p Mkkr, H.P.S Reent vnes in the in vitro gs metho for evlution of nutritionl qulity of fee Journl of Animl Reserh: v.5 n.4. Deemer