The Comparative Nutrient Utilization and Economic Efficiency of Mineral Supplements with Concentrates in Sheep

Transcription

1 Europen Journl of Applie Sienes 7 (5): , 215 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 215 DOI: /iosi.ejs The Comprtive Nutrient Utiliztion n Eonomi Effiieny of Minerl Supplements wi Conentrtes in Sheep Muluken Zeleke, Yisehk Kehero n Mohmme Y. Kurtu 1 Bong Agriulturl Reserh entre, P.O. Box 11, Bong, Eiopi 2 Deprtment of Animl Sienes, Ar Minh University, P.O. Box 21, Jimm Eiopi 3 Shool of Animl n Rnge Sienes, Hrmy University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dw, Eiopi Astrt: The stuy ws rrie out to ssess e omprtive effets of supplementing lol minerl soils wi onentrtes on ry mtter intke, fee onversion effiieny, weight gin performne, serum minerl onentrtion, pprent igestiility of nutrients n eonomi fesiility in n Eiopin Ailo sheep ree. Twenty four mle lms were ivie in to four groups of six nimls se on eir initil oy weight in rnomize omplete lok esign. Tretments omprising of wiout minerl supplement (WM), ole liitum (WB) n mkuw liitum (WM) n ommeril minerl mix in 5 g/y /he (CM) were rnomly ssigne to eh group. The mro minerl ontents of ole (%) were C.14, Mg.2, P.2, K.31 n N 3.1. Mkuw (%) h C.15, Mg.16, P.4, K.4 n N Totl DM intke (g/y/he) ws signifintly higher for WM (69.9)(P<.1). Apprent igestiility of DM, OM n CP of ll minerl reeive tretments were signifintly higher (P<.1) n ontrol group. Boy weight gin (BWC)(Kg/y) ws 2.87, 4.19, 3.9 n 5.59 for WM, WB, MM n CM, respetively. Serum minerl onentrtion ws wiin e norml rnge for C, Mg, Cu n Zn for ose fe minerl supplements n ontrol group. Wi regr to e eonomi enefits, WB returne high net inome (24.75ETB) ompre wi oer tretments, pointing to e nee to ientify e unerlying uses for is ifferene n pttion of sheep to ole effiieny wrt e yer. Key wors: Digestiility Minerl soil Serum minerl Sheep INTRODUCTION lso een vote [3]. Fees, minerl soils n wter re e mjor minerl soures for sheep in Eiopi [6]. Sheep in Eiopi re rise uner tritionl Bole (n Eiopin nme for soil lik) is one of wiely ommunl grzing or rowsing system n generlly e spre minerl resoure, hep n well like y nimls proutivity of sheep is very low. Among e vrious one ey ustome to it. Mkuw is lso type limiting ftors for proutivity of sheep, fee srity of lik soil use in mny ples of souern Eiopi. n qulity re e ore prolems [1, 2]. Defiieny of The supplementtion of minerl soil lik my hve some minerls hs een reporte in sheep uner grzing n positive ontriutions n my e vlule if explore s grzing plus onentrte supplementtion onitions [3]. minerl supplements. The present stuy is, erefore, Lol minerl efiienies n imlnes re likely to plnne to stuy e effet of feeing ifferent minerl eome more pprent n more ritil [4]. Poor oy supplements wi onentrtes on nutrient use n onitions, slow live weight gin, low fertility n high eonomi fesiility in sheep. mortlity re normlly oserve in minerl-efiient nimls [4, 5]. Minerl supplementtion plys vitl role MATERIALS AND METHODS in inresing e nutritive vlue of low-qulity roughges n rop-prouts in eveloping ountries [4]. The Stuy Are: The stuy ws onute t Humo Supplementry nee of minerls n onentrte istrit of Wolyt zone, souern Eiopi. Humo mixture to sheep of vrious ges uner grzing hs istrit is lote t 35 km sou of Ais A, Corresponing Auor: Yisehk Kehero, Deprtment of Animl Sienes, Ar Minh University, P.O. Box 21, Ar Minh, Eiopi. 226

2 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 Eiopi. The istrit is lote t n ltitue of 11 to rie t 1 C for 24 hour. Aoring to MDonl et l. 23 meter ove se level s well s 6 4 N ltitue n [7] e pprent igestiility oeffiient (DC) of nutrients 37 5 E longitue. ws lulte y using e following eqution. Experimentl Design: Twenty four n intt Ailo sheep Amount of nutrient in fee ree yerlings were use for e tril. Rnomize Amount of nutrient in fees omplete lok esign wi four fee tretments DC = Amount of nutrient in fee onsisting of six sheep per tretment were use to onut e experiment. All tretment groups fe hy Chemil Anlysis of Soil, Serum, Fee n Fel liitum n 3 g/y/he onentrte mix of whet rn Smples: Soil ph ws mesure y using ph meter in n penut ke in 4 to 6 rtios s sl iet. 1:2.5 soil: wter rtio. Minerls suh s C, Mg, Fe, Mn, Tretments omprising of wiout minerl supplement Zn n Cu were etermine y tomi sorption (T1=NM), ole liitum (T2=WB) n mkuw spetrometer [8]. Soium n K were nlyze y using liitum (T3=WM) n ommeril minerl mix UV spetrophotometer. Aville P ws etermine (CMM=WCM) in 5 g/y /he (T4) were rnomly following e stnr Olsen extrtion meo [9]. ssigne to eh group. Frozen fees were llowe to w, mixe/gitte, su-smple n oven-rie t 6 C for 48 hours for Dry Mtter Intke: Dily fee offere to e experimentl prtil ry mtter etermintion. The prtilly rie nimls n e orresponing refusls of every niml smples were groun to 1 mm sreen using Wiley mill n were mesure n reore uring e olletion perio. store in n irtight plsti ontiner t room temperture Bo sl n supplement iets were offere seprtely (vg.2 C) until proximte hemil nlysis. Non oven n intke ws etermine y e ifferene etween e rie ut we n well mixe fees were use iretly mount of fee given n refuse every y (24 hours) on for N nlyses. Fee offere n refusls s well s fees DM sis. Smples were tken from es of fee exrete in uring igestiility tril were sujete to offere n orts, oroughly mixe n su-smple hemil nlysis. The i etergent fier (ADF)[8] n (1%) for lortory nlysis. The su-smples were kept neutrl etergent fier (NDF) [1] omponents of fee n frozen (-2 C) until lortory nlyses. fees were lso etermine. All hemil nlyses were rrie out in uplite. Boy Weight Chnge n Fee Conversion Effiieny: Bloo smples were ollete from ll experimentl Initil oy weights of eh niml were etermine y sheep y using 1 ml soium heprinize test tues tking men of two onseutive y s weight fter y punturing of jugulr vein t e eginning n en overnight fsting. A oy weight hnge ws etermine of experiment. The ollete loo smples were s ifferene etween e finl n initil oy weight. immeitely entrifuge to seprte plsm from serum. Averge ily oy gin ws lulte s e ifferene Then seprte serum were kept in ol storge (-2 C) etween e initil n finl oy weights of sheep until minerl nlysis. The minerl onentrtions (K, C, ivie y e numer of feeing ys. The fee Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Fe n Cu) in serum were nlyze using onversion effiieny of experimentl nimls were tomi sorption spetrophotometer (Moel 21 VGP, etermine y iviing e verge ily oy weight USA). Soium n P were etermine y using UV gin to e mount of fee onsume y e niml eh spetrophotometri meo [8]. y. Prtil Buget Anlysis: At e en of e feeing tril, Digestion Tril : At e en of feeing tril ll nimls e selling prie of experimentl sheep ws etermine were trnsferre to metoli pens for fel olletion y inviting four well experiene sheep mrket elers. fter ree ys of limtiztion perio. Fel olletion Bse on prie of eh eler, e verge selling prie for ws rrie out for ten (1) onseutive ys. Eh y s eh tretment ws lulte. In e nlysis, e totl olletion of fees per niml were weighe n 1% of return (TR) ws etermine y lulting e e fees ws su-smple n store t -2 C n ifferene etween selling n purhsing pries of poole over olletion perio (1% liquot), from whih sheep. The prtil uget meo mesures profit or su smple ws tken t e en of e tril, fter wing losses [11], whih re e net enefits or ifferenes n properly mixing e fees. The fees smples were etween gins n losses for e propose hnge n 227

3 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 inlues lulting net return (NR), i.e., e mount of money left when totl vrile osts (TVC) re sutrte from e totl returns (TR): NR = TR-TVC Totl vrile osts inlue e osts of ll inputs t hnge ue to e hnge in proution tehnology. The hnge in net return ( NR) ws lulte y e ifferene etween hnge in totl return n e hnge in totl vrile osts ( TVC): NR = TR TVC The mrginl rte of return (MRR) mesures inreses in net inome in net return ( NR) ssoite wi eh itionl units of expeniture ( TVC). This is expresse in perentge s: MRR (%) = ( NR)/( TVC) 1 Sttistil Anlysis: A two wy-nlysis of vrine ws followe using SAS [12]. The ANOVA proeure ws followe ompletely rnomize lok esign (RCBD). The tretment mens were seprte y Tukey s HSD test. Men ifferenes were onsiere signifint when P.5, wheres.5<p<.1 ws onsiere to show sttistil teneny for ifferenes. The pproprite sttistil moel use for t nlysis ws epite here uner: Y = µ ij i j ij where: Y = response vrile ue to tretment, lok n ij intertion etween tretment n lok (rnom error); µ = overll men; tretment effet; j lok effet; i= = ij= rnom error RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dry Mtter Intke of Fee Ingreients: Dry mtter intke (DMI) of fee ingreients is summrize in Tle 1. The verge vlues of DMI were ifferent (P<.1) mong e tretments; however, ere ws no ifferene (P>.5) etween ole (WB) n Mkuw (WM) reeive niml groups. Animls fe minerl soil (WB n WM) h higher totl DMI n ontrol group (NM) whih fe no minerl soils (P<.1). The lower DMI in ontrol group might e ssoite wi lk of minerl supplementtion. Sheep reeive ommeril minerl mix (CM) h e highest totl DMI ompre to oer tretment groups (P<.1). This might e ue to higher level of minerls in ommeril minerl mix t ouning etter minerl to rumen miroil tivity. The essentility n role of minerls in rumen miroes hve een well reognize in numerous stuies. Aoring to Hungte [13] miro flor in e igestive trt requires nutrients inluing minerls. Churh [14] reporte t miroil grow n vrious fermenttion proesses in e rumen require n equte supply of minerls. Defiieny of minerls, prtiulrly sulfur, phosphorus, mgnesium n ertin tre minerls limit e grow of rumen miro-orgnisms [15]. The sme uor stte t minerl efiieny reues grow effiieny of rumen miroes n lso erese fee intke. It is lso well reognize t efiieny of o mjor n tre minerls uses epression in fee onsumption [16]. Fee intke expete to mximize if it provies most of essentil nutrients require y rumen miroes n e tissue of e niml. The effets of inresing miroil popultion n fee use effiieny fter proviing e require nutrients woul inrese e rte of nutrient igestion. As e rte of rekown of igest inreses, retention time in e rumen my erese leing to inrese fee intke [17]. In e urrent stuy, nimls fe wi no minerl supplements h lower fee intke ue to slow nutrient igestion n low igest pssge rte in e igestive trt ompre to minerl supplemente ones. The verge DM intke in is stuy ws gree to e Tle 1: Dry mtter intke of sheep fe ifferent fee ingreients wi or wiout minerl supplements Tretments, Men Prmeters NM WB WM CM SEM Pro. Hy DMI (g/) CM DMI (g/) Bole DMI (g/) Mkuw DMI (g/) CMM DMI (g/) Totl DMI (g/) ,, mens wiin row not ering ommon supersript re signifintly ifferent(p<.5); NM, tretments wiout minerl supplement; WB, tretments wi ole; WM, tretment wi mkuw; CM, tretment wi ommeril minerl mix; DMI, ry mtter intke; SEM, stnr error of men; pro., signifint level 228

4 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 Tle 2: Apprent igestiility oeffiients of nutrients in sheep fe ifferent minerl supplements Tretments, men Digestiility (%) NM WB WM CM SEM Pro. DM OM CP ADF NDF ,,, Mens wi ifferent supersripts in rows re signifintly ifferent (P<.5); DM, ry mtter; OM, Orgni mtter; CP, Crue protein; ADF, i etergent fier; NDF, neutrl etergent fier; NM, tretments wiout minerl supplement; WB, tretments wi ole; WM, tretment wi mkuw; CM, tretment wi ommeril minerl mix; SEM, stnr error of men; pro., signifint level 1 63 g niml s y esrie y Yisehk et l. [18] for rumen liqui ilution rte whih inreses protein lms in e sme weight rnge. The finings of is synesis in e rumen. In ontrst wi is, oring to stuy isgree wi Dniel [19] who reporte t minerl Dniel [19], e pprent igestiility of DM, CP, NDF, supplement i not ffet DM intke in lms fe hy s OM, EE n TC were not ffete y e minerl sl iet. supplements. The igestiility of NDF in urrent stuy ws lso Apprent Digestiility of Nutrients: The igestiility of ifferent (P<.1), where CM (61.85%) ws higher n DM n CP were greter (P<.5) for CM ompre to oer groups ut ere ws no vrition (P>.1) etween oer tretment groups (Tle 2). A ifferene in e WB (61.46%) n WM (61.54%). The lower vlue (61.37%) igestiility of DM mong tretments is in onsistent of NDF igestiility reore in ontrol group whih i wi DM intke, whih might e ssoite wi e not reeive minerl supplementtion. This oul e ue to reltively greter minerl ontent in supplemente e improvement of ellulose igesting teril grow groups rer n in ontrol (WM). Gltvo [2] y minerl supplementtion. Aoring to Shirly [26], oserve signifint improvements in igestiility of minerls stimulte ellulose igestion y promoting rumen DM n CP in young rms supplemente wi minerls. miroorgnisms. Durn n Komisrzuk [23] stte t An improvement in DM igestiility lso reporte in minerls stimulte miroil tivity whih inreses supplementtion of minerls in iet of rms Shrm et l ellulose igestion. [21]. Dermuw et l. [22] lso investigte e improve igestiility of DM in ruminnts fter ietry ition Boy Weight Prmeters n Fee Conversion of minerls (C, P, S n Zn). This oul e ue to role of Effiieny: Live weight gin (g/y) of sheep uring e minerls in grow of rumen miroes. Mgnesium, experimentl perio is presente in Tle 3. The gretest lium, potssium, soium n phosphte re require oy weight of sheep ws reore in CM (5.59 kg) y Bteroies suinogenes n proly re ompre to oer tretment groups (P<.1). This oul require for mny rumen teri [23]. Fellner et l. [24] e ue to well-lne mixture of minerls n reporte t lium seems to e essentil for e ifferenes in igestiility of DM n CP mong grow of Firoter suinogenes in e rumen n tretments. Complete minerl supplementtion inreses involve in metoli proess for tivte exo-enzymes e weight gin of nimls [27]. The highest weight gin suh mylse. per niml ws reore for sheep fe ommeril minerl Digestiility of CP mong tretments inite s mix (CM) while e lowest ws oserve for sheep fe no follows: CM (83.16%) > WM (82.51%) > WB (82.78%) > minerl supplementtion (NM). Mohmme et l. [28] NM (81.1%)(P<.1). In greement wi urrent stuy, reporte t weight gins of Arsi sheep inrese y n Krsil et l. [25] reporte t onentrtion of minerls verge of 19±8 g/y when fe nturl minerl lik ontriute to e effiieny of protein igestiility. This offere s free hoie. illustrtes e presene of n optiml lne of nutrient to support e grow n tivity of rumen miroes. This oul signifintly influene e proteolysis proess in e rumen t igests proteins in rumen. In ition, Shirley [26] stte t minerl supplements inrese Fee onversion effiieny (FCE) of sheep oserve in tretment CM were higher (P<.1) n oer tretment groups. Feeing of omplete minerl mix resulte in enhne verge ily weight gin n fee onversion rtio [29]. 229

5 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 Tle 3: Boy weight prmeters n fee onversion effiieny of sheep fe ifferent minerl supplements wi onentrte mixes Tretments, Men Prmeters NM WB WM CM SEM Pro. IBW (Kg) FBW (Kg) <.1 BWC (Kg) <.1 ADG (g/) <.1 FCE,% <.1,,, mens wiin row ering ommon supersript re signifintly ifferent; BWC, oy weight hnge; ADG, verge ily weight gin; FBW, finl oy weight; FCE, fee onversion effiieny (g ADG/g fee); IBW, initil oy weight; SEM, stnr error of men; NM, tretment wiout minerl supplement; WB, tretment wi ole; WM, tretment wi mkuw; CM, tretment wi ommeril minerl mix; Pro., signifine level Tle 4: Serum minerl onentrtion (ppm) of sheep fe ifferent minerl supplements wi onentrte mixes Tretments, Men Minerls NM WB WM CM SEM Pro. C <.1 P <.1 Mg <.1 K <.1 N <.1 Cu <.1 Fe <.1 Mn <.1 Zn ,,, mens wiin row ering ommon supersript re signifintly ifferent; NM, tretment wiout minerl supplement; WB, tretment wi ole; WM, tretment wi mkuw; CM, tretment wi ommeril minerl mix; SEM, stnr error of men; Pro., signifine level Serum Minerl Conentrtion: The highest n lowest C onentrtions were reore for CM (119. ppm) n NM (115ppm), respetively (Tle 4). There ws no ifferene (P>.1) etween WB (115.8 ppm) n WM (117ppm). Aoring to Unerwoo n Suttle [3], hely sheep n ontin from 9 to 12 ppm of C in serum. Current stuy lso grees wi e report of Kneko [31] where norml level of serum C in hely lm rnging from from 11.9 to 12.4 mg/l (119 to 124 ppm)...n Puls [32] from 9 to13 ppm. Finings of is stuy is lso loser to e vlue of Ltimer et l. [33], who reporte t norml rnge of C in serum of sheep rnges from 9.3 to 11.7 mg/l (93 to 117 ppm). The onentrtion of C in ll tretment groups is elow moerte hyperlium level from 12 to 15 ppm set y Littleike et l. [34], whih uses lifitions of soft tissues n epress fee intke. In ontrst wi present stuy, Sisy [29] reporte t C level of serum rnges from 231. ppm to ppm in sheep whih fe ifferent minerl soil soures. The vrition in serum C onentrtion etween nimls might e ssoite wi enorine seretions [3]. The P onentrtion in serum in NM (2 ppm), WB (33.4 ppm), WM (35. ppm) n CM (43. ppm) vrie (P<.1) etween tretment groups. In exeption wi CM, oers re elow e norml rnge of P in serum of sheep rnges from 4 ppm to 8 ppm set y Ltimer et l. [33]. This oul e ue to low P onentrtion of minerl soils supplements. For grzing livestok, more evstting eonomi result of P efiieny is reproutive filure [39]. Thus, efiieny of P in minerl soil supplements n low in e serum of sheep oul e e goo initor of efiieny of P in e stuy re. Conentrtion of Mg in serum of sheep ws WB (27.1ppm), WB (41.1ppm), WM (33. ppm) n CM (31.3 ppm), respetively. The Mg onentrtion reore in WB (41.1ppm) ws higher (P<.1) n oer tretments. Anlysis of serum smples from ll tretment groups inite e presene of equte mount of Mg in e serum. This oul e ue to higher Mg onentrtion in ole n oer tretment fees. This fining is in line wi ose otine y Sisy[29] who reporte t serum Mg onentrtion of sheep whih fee ifferent minerl soils rnge from 25.7 to 41.8 ppm. The vlue of urrent fining is ove e ritil level from 1 to 2 ppm for sheep set y MDowell [36], norml rnge from 2 to 27 ppm set y Ltimer et l. [29] n from 19 to 3 ppm set y Pulse[32]. However, onentrtion of Mg in urrent stuy is elow toxi level (> 6ppm) whih uses irrhe in sheep [37]. 23

6 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 Tle 5: Prtil uget nlysis of sheep fe ifferent minerl supplement wi onentrte mix n hy s sl fee Tretments, men Prmetres NM WB WM WCM Purhse prie sheep (ETB) Hy onsume(kg/sheep) PN onsume (Kg/sheep) WB onsume (Kg/ sheep) Bole onsume (Kg/sheep) Mkuw onsume (Kg/sheep) CMM onsume (Kg/sheep) Fee Costs, ost of hy (ETB/sheep) Cost of PN (ETB/sheep) Cost of WB (ETB/sheep) Cost of ole (ETB/sheep) Cost of mkuw (ETB/sheep) Cost of CMM (ETB/sheep) TVC(ETB/sheep) Sheep selling prie (ETB/sheep) Totl return (TR) (ETB/sheep) Net return(nr) (ETB/sheep) Chnge in totl return ( ETB/sheep) Chnge in net inome ( NI) Chnge of totl vrile ost ( TVC) MRR ( NI/ TVC) ETB, Eiopin irr; NI, hnge in net inome; TVC, hnge of totl vrile ost; MRR, mrginl rte of return; NR, net return; PN, penut; TR, totl return; WB, whet rn. NM, Hy liitum+3g CM; WB, Hy liitum + 3g CM + ole liitum; WM, Hy liitum+3g CM+ mkuw liitum; CM, Hy liitum+3g CM+5g CMM The K onentrtion of CM (27. ppm) ws higher etermine for sheep who reeive CM. The tretments (P<.1) n oer tretments groups. The results of whih fe ole (.9 ppm) n mkuw (.8 ppm) were serum K onentrtion for ll tretments exept CM re higher (P<.1) n NM (.5 ppm). The serum elow norml rnge suggeste y Jkson [38], from 152 onentrtions reflet e ietry Cu sttus, lough to 21.6 ppm. This oul e ue to low K onentrtion in e norml rnge is wie. For instne, for sheep onentrtes n minerl soils. In greement wi norml rnge is etween.6 n 1.5 ppm [41]. MDowell [36], onentrte fee ontin low K (.5%) Compring to e ritil efiieny, serum vlues for ompre to e requirement n low serum K use y sheep suggeste y MDowell [42] is.65 ppm for Cu, e efiieny of K onentrtion in fee. vlue in urrent stuy ws ove e ritil stnr The N onentrtion (ppm) of NM, WB, WM vlue n elow toxiity level 1.2 ppm set y e sme n CM ws 2692, 2766, 2743n 274, respetively. uor. The onentrtion ws foun to e ifferent (P<.1) As inite in Tle 4 Fe onentrtion in serum of mong tretments where e highest n lowest serum N sheep rnge from 2.61 ppm in WB to 4.13ppm in CM. onentrtions were reore in WB (2766.2) n in NM Tretment group whih fe mkuw h higher (2692 ppm), respetively. The N onentrtion in (P<.1) Fe vlue n nimls fe ole in WM, is tretment group is ove e rnge from 142ppm to oul e ue to higher Mg onentrtion in ole interfere 16ppm set y Ltimer et l. [33]. The results of urrent Fe sorption. Similrly Gre [43] reporte t when stuy re greter n e report of Sisy [29] where feeing iet of sheep whih ontin 14-2 ppm Mg ws serum N is 223 ppm in sheep n, lower n report of epresse serum Fe onentrtion. The men serum Fe Jkson [38], 3266 ppm to 345 ppm. The vrition oul onentrtion oserve in is stuy is omprle wi e ue to iovilility n intertion of N in fees report of Sisy [29]. The urrent fining is ove e use [39] n geneti ifferene of nimls [4]. norml rnge from.7 to 2. ppm set y Pulse [43]. The Cu onentrtion (ppm) of NM, WB, WM n This oul e ue to exess onentrtion of Fe (Tle 4) CM is.5,.9,.8 n 1.14, respetively. The higher in minerl soil supplement when ompre wi (P<.1) serum Cu onentrtion (1.1 ppm) ws reommene requirement of sheep. 231

7 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , 215 As inite in e present stuy t CM h higher feeing hy liitum is potentilly profitle n (P<.1) serum Mn onentrtion n oer tretment eonomilly enefiil n oer minerl supplements in group. This fining is omprle wi report of Sisy [29] feeing of sheep uner onition of is experiment. who stte t fter supplementtion of ifferent minerl In e future ietry inlusion of hemil form minerls, soil Mn onentrtion in serum of sheep rnges from.6 ole n mkuw, e intertion of mixing wi oer to.9 ppm. Aoring to Puls [42], Mn onentrtion in fees n gre level of supplementtion effet of NM n WB re wiin equte reommene rnge feeings on reproution n proution performne of from.6 to.7 ppm. However, Mn onentrtion in sheep shoul e onute. WB n CM ws ove e equte rnge, is oul e ue to higher Mn onentrtion ole (167ppm) n CMM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (84 ppm). The inrements of ietry Mn onentrtion from ppm inreses Mn onentrtion y 25% in The uors woul like to nk e souern ntions, tissues of niml [42]. ntionlities n people s regionl stte institute of The serum Zin level of CM (1.68) ws higher griulturl reserh, Eiopi for funing is prtiulr (P<.1) n oer tretments groups. Animls whih stuy projet. fe mkuw (WM, 1.15 ppm) h higher Zn onentrtion n WB (1.8) n ontrol group NM (.94 REFERENCES ppm). Sheep supplemente wi ommeril minerl mix h high Zn onentrtion in loo n sheep 1. Mrkos Tio, 26. Proutivity n hel of supplemente wi minerl soil. Current fining is wiin inigenous sheep ree n ross rees in e e rnge from.55 to 1.2 ppm set y Hert n Hoff [43]. entrl Eiopi Highlns. PhD Thesis presente to The serum Zn onentrtion foun in e present stuy Sweish University of Agriulturl Siene, Uppsl, is elow ritil level of 2ppm suggeste y MDowell pp: 4. [44]. 2. Keee, B., Y. Kehero n A. Beyene, 214. Polyeylene glyol improves e utiliztion of high Prtil Buget Anlysis: Prtil uget nlysis of sheep tnnin forge in sheep. Livestok Reserh for Rurl fee minerls wi onentrte mix is presente in Tle 5. The nlysis onsiere prtil uget ws use to lulte e potentil profitility of supplementing minerls. The result of is stuy inite t e higher totl return in CM (2 ETB) otine from sheep fe ommeril minerl mix followe y WM. The lest totl return of 14ETB ws otine from sheep wiout minerl supplementtion. The ifferene in e net return mong tretments ws minly ue to e ifferene in selling prie of niml in eh tretment. The higher profit otine in WB is ue to e lower ost of ole (3ETB/kg) n e negtive profit otine in CM is ue to e higher ost of ommeril minerl mix (7 ETB/kg). CONCLUSION Fee utiliztion, verge ily gin n fee onversion effiieny were higher for ose groups of sheep reeive ole n ommeril minerl supplements. Serum minerl onentrtion is wiin norml rnge for C, Mg, N, Cu, Fe, Mn n Zn is meet norml stnr rnge for ose fe minerl supplement n ontrol group. Supplementtion of ole wi 3g onentrte mix Development. Volume 26, Artile #214. Retrieve Otoer 13, 215, from lrr26/ 12/kee26214.html 3. Smnt, A. n G. Smnt, 22. Minerl profile of ifferent fee n foers n eir effet on plsm profile in ruminnts of West Bengl. Inin Journl of Animl Nutrition, 19: Suttle, N.F., Minerl supplementtion of low qulity roughges. In: Proeeings of Symposium on Isotope n Relte Tehniques in Animl Proution n Hel. Interntionl Atomi Energy Commission, Vienn, pp: MDowell, L. R. Conr, J. H, Ellis, G. L. n Loosli, J. K., Minerls for Grzing Ruminnts in Tropil Regions. Deprtment of Animl Siene Deprtment, Center for Tropil Agriulture. University of Flori, Ginesville, Flori. 6. Miles, E. H. n MDowell, L. R., Minerl efiienies in e Llnos rngelns of Colomi. Worl Animl Review, 46: MDonl, P. J. Greenhlgh, F. D., Morgn, C. A., Ewrs, R., Lim Sinlir, Roert Wilkinson, 21. Animl nutrition. 7 e. Prentie Hll, NY, USA. 232

8 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , AOAC (Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemists), 22. Veronique Dermuw, Yisehk Kehero, Ellen 2. Offiil Meos of Anlysis, Assoition of Dierenfel, Gijs Du Ling, John Buyse, Birgit Wuyts Offiil Anlytil Chemists, Wshington, DC, USA, n Geert P.J. Jnssens, Interntionl 18 eition, 2. symposium on Tre Elements in Mn n Animls, 9. Bruh, T.C. n H.P. Brkur, A Text Book pp: of Soil Anlysis. Viks Pulishing house pvt 23. Durn, M. n S. Komisrzuk, Influene of plt. Msji Ro, Jngpur, New Delhi, Ini, mjor minerls on rumen miroiot. Journl of pp: Nutrition, 118: Vn Soest, P.J., J.B. Roertson n B.A. Lewis, Fellner, V. n J.W. Spers, 25. Effet of Clium Meos for ietry fier, neutrl etergent fier n Propionte n Ruminl Solule Clium n non-strh polyshries in reltion to niml Miroil Fermenttion. nutrition. J. Diry Si., 74(1): Krsil, M.A. n J.R. Russell, 21. Effet of some 11. Boehlje, M.D. n V.R. Eimn, Frm ietry ftors on ruminl miroil protein Mngement. John Wiley n Sons, New York, USA. synesis. Turk. Vet. J. Anim Si., 25(l): SAS (Sttistil nlysis system), 212. Sttistil 26. Shirley, L.R., Nitrogen n Energy Nutrition of Anlysis System, Relese 9.4SAS/STAT Progrm. Ruminnts. Ami Press In. New York. SAS Institute In., Crry, NC, USA. 27. Vn Eys, J.E., S. Silitong, I.W. Mius n r 13. Hungte, R.E., The Rumen n Its Miroes 3 W.L. Johnson, On-frm trils of minerl E. Aemi Press, New York. supplementtion for smll ruminnts in West Jv, 14. Churh, D.C., Digestive Physiology n Inonesi. Reserh Meoology for Livestok on Nutrition of Ruminnts. O & B Books, Corvlis, Frm Trils, pp: Oregon. 28. Mohmme Y. Kurtu, E.M. Mugerw n D. Eo, 15. Leng, R.A., Applition of iotehnology to Effet of supplementtion wi lke soil on e nutrition of nimls in eveloping ountries. FAO grow of Arsi sheep..??? Animl Proution n Hel Pper. FAO(Foo n 29. Sisy Tilhun, Vijhult, P., P. Chirtnyu n S. Agriulture Orgniztion), Rome, Itly. Swsiphnih, 27. Effets of Nturl Minerl Soils 16. Shirley, L.R., Nitrogen n Energy Nutrition of on Boy Weight n Liver Minerls of Blk He Ruminnts. Ami Press In. New York. Somli Sheep in Eiopi. 17. Vn Soest, P.J. n J.B. Roertson, Anlysis of 3. Unerwoo, E.J. n N.F. Suttle, The Minerl Forge n Firous Fees. A Lortory Mnul for r Nutrition of Livestok (3 E ). CAB Interntionl, Animl Siene, Cornell University, USA, pp: 613. UK. 18. Kehero Yisehk, Keee Biruk, Beyene Aegze 31. Kneko, J.J., Clinil Biohemistry of n Geert P.J. Jnssens, 214. Grow performne, Domesti Animls. 4 E. Aemi Press, nutrient igestiility n rss evlution of Bong pp: , sheep fe tnnin rih iet (Alizi gummifer) wi or 32. Puls, R., Minerl Levels in Animl hel. wiout polyeylene glyol. Tropil niml hel Dignosti Dt. Sherp Interntionl. Cn. n proution-springer, DOI 1.17/s Ltimer, K.S., E.A. Mhffey n K.W. Prsse, Dunn n Prsse's Veterinry Lortory 19. Dniel, B.M. n G. Ghermn, 214. Minerl Mixtures Meiine: Clinil Pology. 4 e., Iow, Iow Stte from Soli Slt Resiues for Lms. PE, Brzil. Press, pp: Gltov, A.N., Effiieny of fee utiliztion for 34. Littleike E.T., D. Glzier n H.M. Cook, wool proution in reltion to ree of young Eletroriogrphi hnges fter inue rms n minerl vilility in iets. Zootekhniy, hyperlemi n hypolemi in ttle. Animl pp: Journl Veterinry Reserh, 137: Shrm, L.C., P.S. Yv, A.B. Mnl n 35. MDowell, L.R. n G.C. Vlle, 2. Mjor minerls K.R. Sunri, 24. Minerl Sttus of some Vitl in forges. pp In: D.I. Givens, E.Owen, R.F.E. Orgn of Lms s Influene y eir Dietry Axfor n H.M. Ome. Forge Evlution in Levels. Animl Nutrition n Fee Tehnology, ruminnts Nutrition. Biles Lt, Guilfor n 2: King s Lynn, UK. 233

9 Europ. J. Appl. Si., 7 (5): , NARC., 212. Animl Nutrition Progrmme. Animl 41. Gre, N.D. n J. Lee, 199. Effet of Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Sienes Institute, Ntionl Agriulturl Reserh Mo, Se n Zn supplementtion on e elementl Centre, Islm. ontent of soft tissues n one in sheep grzing 37. Jkson, G.G. n D.C. Peter, 22. Clinil ryegrss/white lover psture. New Zeln Journl Exmintion of Frm Animls. Blkwell Siene Lt of Agriulturl Reserh, 33: MDowell, L.R., 23. Minerls in Animl n Humn 42. Hert, T.H. n B. Hoff, 211. The use of loo n Nutrition. 2 E. Amsterm: Elsevier. nlysis to evlute tre minerl sttus in ruminnt 39. Suttle, N., 211. Selenium.In The Minerl Nutrition livestok. Vet. Clin. Nor Am. Foo Anim. Prt., of Livestok. 4 Eition. Eite y Suttle N. 27: Oxforshire: Ci; 21: MDowell, L.R., Minerls for Grzing 4. CMN, Treting Minerl Disorers in Diry Ruminnts in Tropil Regions. Animl Sienes Cttle. Committee on Minerl Nutrition. Center for Deprtment, Center for Tropil Agriulture. Agriulture Pulishing n Doumenttion, r University of Flori. Bulletin 3 E. pp: 83. Wgeningen, Neerlns, pp: