Supplemental Information. Cell-Autonomous Regulation of Astrocyte. Activation by the Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1

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1 ell Reports, Volume 5 Supplemental Information ell-utonomous Regulation of strocyte ctivation by the ircadian lock Protein ML1 rian V. Lananna, ollin J. Nadarajah, Mariko Izumo, Michelle R. edeño, avid. Xiong, Julie imitry, hak Foon Tso, elia. McKee, Percy Griffin, Patrick W. Sheehan, Jeffery. Haspel, en. arres, Shane. Liddelow, Joseph S. Takahashi, Ilia N. Karatsoreos, and rik S. Musiek

2 ML1 amka ire+ re ortex ML1 re + re PI Ki67 GFP MRG GFP % rea mal1 KO WT amka ire+ re GFP S MRG re- re+ Figure S1. Related to Figure 1; haracterization of mouse models with astrogliosis induced by loss of mal1.. Representative actigraph of a WT mouse housed in 1h:1h light:dark, then switched to h:h light:dark at black arrow, leading to behavioral arrhythmicity.. ortical qpr showing mrn levels from h:h light:dark WT mice from Fig. 1, S1 reveals increased Gfap expression at most timepoints throughout the circadian day.. Hippocampal (top, scale bars = 15μm) and cortical (bottom, scale bars = 5μm) staining of (red) and ML1 (green) from mo amka-ire+;mal f/f mice and re- controls shows complete loss of neuronal ML1 in re+ animals.. Representative images (top) and quantification (bottom) illustrating minimal localization of the cell division marker Ki67 staining with GFP+ astrocytes in cerebral cortex from mo Nestin-re+;mal1 f/f (Nmal1 KO) mice (left graph), despite large increases in GFP+ cells as compared to re- controls (right graph). Scale bar= 5μm.. Nmal1 KO mice have increased GFP+ activated astrocytes in the cerebral cortex without major changes in number of total (S+) astrocytes. Scale bar = 5μm. ll data represent mean+sm. p<.5 by -tailed T-test.

3 GFP ML1 MRG re GFP re+;mal1 wt/flox re+ re ldh1l1 re GFP GFP % rea G re Retrosplenial ortex p=.55 ns ns ldre - ldre + het ldre + agre - agre + LH1 re + LH1 re re- re+ PI F 8 6 p=.6 ML1 GFP MRG ldh1l1-re- ldh1l1-re+ Gfap Sa6 qp b xcl5 Mmp1 Timp1 Ggta d Serpina3n Figure S. Related to Figure ; haracterization of astrogliosis seen with loss of mal1 in vitro and in vivo.. qpr showing mrn levels of several astrocyte activation and inflammatory genes 7 days after treatment of WT astrocytes with non-targeting sirn (sisr) or sirn targeting mal1 (simal1). N=1-15 experiments.. Representative cortical images from mice in Fig. F-H. Top row. V8-GFP-GFP-infected cells (solid arrows) show whole-cell GFP expression, persistent colocalized nuclear ML1, and fail to colocalize with neuronal nuclei (hollow arrows). ottom row. V8-GFP-re infected cells show only nuclear GFP expression (solid arrows, re egfp fusion protein), loss of nuclear ML1 and fail to colocalize with neuronal nuclei (hollow arrows). Scale bar= 3µm.. Representative images, quantification of %GFP area in retrosplenial cortex of mice in Fig. H. Scale bar = µm.. Representative confocal images of ldh1l1-re+;mal f/f mice and re- controls. PI+, GFP+ (solid arrows) astrocytes colocalize with ML1 in re- mice, but not in re+ mice. Scale bar= 3µm.. Quantification of PI/GFP/ML1+ cells (top) or GFP+ cells per field of view (bottom) in ldh1l1-re+;mal f/f mice vs re- controls in hippocampus. ach data point = 1 mouse. 6 fields/mouse with an average of.5 GFP+ cells/field, totaling 1,176 cells counted. Note that there is not an increase in GFP+ cells in hippocampus, just the size and shape of these cells. F. mrn levels of astrocyte activation markers in hippocampus from ldh1l1-re+;mal f/f mice vs re- controls. ll data represent mean+sm. p<.5, p<.1, p<.1, p<.1 by -tailed T-tests (), (), and (F) or 1-way NOV () with Hom-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons when applicable.

4 6 Mmp1 re- re ZT (=light on) Rank ategory Term ount % PValue Genes Fold nrich enjamini FR 1 KGG_PTHWY mmu98:rug metabolism cytochrome P GSTM1, GST, FMO6, UGT16, UGT16, MO, OX1, GSTT1, GSTT, GSTT3, GSTM KGG_PTHWY mmu98:metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P GSTM1, GST, UGT16, UGT16, HS111, GSTT1, GSTT, GSTT3, GSTM KGG_PTHWY mmu51:ilated cardiomyopathy Y3, Y, ITG8, NG5, IGF1, ITG3, N1F, TTN, N1S KGG_PTHWY mmu8:glutathione metabolism GSTM1, GST, IH, GSTT1, GSTT, GSTT3, GSTM KGG_PTHWY mmu5:hemical carcinogenesis GSTM1, GST, UGT16, UGT16, HS111, GSTT1, GSTT, GSTT3, GSTM KGG_PTHWY mmu6:fatty acid elongation , LOVL, HS1, OT1, OT KGG_PTHWY mmu35:tyrosine metabolism T, TYRP1, MO, OX1, TPO KGG_PTHWY mmu916:melanogenesis T, Y3, NR, TF7, WNT, TYRP1, Y, WNT KGG_PTHWY mmu5:hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HM) ITG8, NG5, IGF1, ITG3, N1F, TTN, N1S KGG_PTHWY mmu5:pathways in cancer MP, TRF1, Y3, TF7, OL, OL1, Y, WNT3, IGF1, FGF3, ITG3, KR, R KGG_PTHWY mmu39:hippo signaling pathway MP, TF7, WNT, N, WNT3, GF5, T3, WWTR1, GLI, MP KGG_PTHWY mmu5:small cell lung cancer TRF1, MX, OL, OL1, ITG3, R1, LM KGG_PTHWY mmu95:ldosterone synthesis and secretion Y3, Y, MK1G, MK, MR, N1F, N1S KGG_PTHWY mmu:alcium signaling pathway Y3, NR, Y, MK, YSLTR, PHKG, PL1, N1F, KR, ITPK, N1S F G H Figure S3. Related to Figure 3; Pathway analysis, GSTx, and GSH with mal1 deficiency.. xpression of ML1 transcriptional targets and Gfap from microarray in Fig. 3 at T 6 and 18.. xpression of astrocyte activation transcripts Gfap, qp, and Mmp1 in cortex of Nmal1 KO (re+, red) and recontrol mice (black) at hour timepoints across the circadian cycle. No clear circadian oscillations were observed in re- or re+ mice. N=3- mice/genotype/timepoint.. KGG pathway analysis of Nmal1 KO microarray data. lue = pathways related to glutathione homeostasis.. qpr of mrn expression of glutathione transferases in the cortex of ig-re+;mal1 f/f mice (Fig. 3F), 9 days after tamoxifen treatment, normalized to re-, mal f/f controls.. qpr of mrn expression of glutathione transferases in hippocampus of ldh1l1-re+;mal1 f/f mice (Fig. H). F. GSH levels in mal1 KO (top) and simal1 treated WT (bottom) astrocyte enriched cultures along with appropriate controls as measured by fluorometric intracellular glutathione detection assay. G. Quantification of GSH and GSSG levels in cortical tissue (T ) from control, Nmal1 KO, and Per1/ mut mice. None of the averages were significantly different. H. mrn expression of mal1 and Nr1d1 in the cortex of ig-re+;mal1 f/f mice used in Fig. 3G, 9 days after tamoxifen treatment, normalized to re-, mal f/f controls. ll data represent mean±sm. p<.5, p<.1 by -tailed T-test with Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons when applicable.

5 G re+astro G re astro Normalized GFP or Gfap level sisr simal1 sisr simal1 Model: Primary stros Means of mal1 KO: uration mal1 KO: sirn K 7- days 3 1 Gfap mrn GFP protein ldre - ldre + ldre - ldre + ldh1l1-re;mal mice Tamox-depen. re 8 weeks re- re- amka-ire+ MP SP-3 MRG Nestin-re+ re- amka-ire+ Nestin-re+ Nestin/amKa-re;mal1 mice onstitutive re 16 weeks asp+ puncta/mp % area re+ Figure S. Related to Figures 3 and ; omparison of Gfap mrn and GFP protein across experiments; Further characterization of neuronal support deficits observed with loss of mal1.. omparison of Gfap mrn (quantified by qpr) and GFP protein (quantified by immunofluorescence) across experiments in this manuscript. Note that in both cultures cells and two distinct re-lox mouse models, Gfap mrn and GFP protein are very closely related. ata is shown separately in Figs. 1 and.. Representative images showing MP+ (green) and cleaved-aspase-3+ (SP-3, red, arrows) WT neurons (grown as in Fig. ) at IV 7. Scale bar = μm.. Quantification of MP percent area (top) and cleaved-aspase-3+ (bottom) neurons from () shows nonsignificant trends toward decreased MP and increased cleaved-aspase-3+ neurons when neurons are plated on ML1-deficient astrocytes (re+). ll data represent mean+sm.