Comparative Utilizations of Fish Waste Meal with Imported Fishmeal by African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

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1 Amerin-Eursin Journl of Sientifi Reserh 4 (4): , 2009 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2009 Comprtive Utiliztions of Fish Wste Mel wi Imported Fishmel y Afrin Ctfish (Clris griepinus) A.O. Sotolu Deprtment of Forestry, Wildlife nd Fisheries Shu-Lfi Cmpus, Nsrw Stte University Keffi, Lfi, Nigeri Astrt: Performne of dietry fish wste mel (FWM) nd imported fishmel (FM) were evluted t 10 nd 15% inlusion levels in tfish diets towrds e utiliztion of fish wstes s hep lterntive niml protein soure for sustinle quulture. Five isonitrogenous diets (40% C.P) were formulted {FWM 10%, 15%, FM 10%, FM 15% nd ontrol (non fishmel se diet)} nd were fed to juveniles of Clris griepinus of 18.20± 0.40g for 70 dys in triplites. Results of e study showed n overll good grow performnes nd survivl rte of experimentl fish. Dietry fishmel ontents influened speifi grow rte (SGR), protein effiieny rtio (PER) nd feed onversion rtio (FCR) sttistilly (p<0.05). All prmeters ssessed gve superior vlues in fish fed diets ontining dietry fishmel-sed diets over e ontrol diet whih ost e lest N185-50/kg. There ws no signifint differene etween vlues of SGR, PER, FCR nd protein intke etween FWM nd FM sed-diets t e sme level of inlusions. Dietry FWM t 15% inlusion ws etter on e overll due to superior eonomi onversion rtio it hs over FM15% wi mrginl differenes. Key words:dietry protein Clris griepinus Plnt protein soures Animl protein soures Sustinle quulture INTRODUCTION prodution [13]. In e entrl fish mrket in Lfi, Nigeri, fish wstes nd y-produts re regulrly generted Fishmel still onstitutes sustntil prt of feeds whih inlude heds, tils, viser, sles nd whole fish formulted for diverse fish speies t re ommerilly unsuitle for humn onsumption. It hs een reported ultivted glolly. This widespred used is s result of t fish y-produts re vlule protein soure in its exellent mino id profile, pltility nd high niml feeds inludeing fish [14, 15]. nutritive vlue [1] However, due to rising ost nd This study erefore, investigted e nutritionl unertinties out fishmel vilility nd qulity [2], qulity nd utiliztion of fish wstes mel (FWM) in fish nutritionist nd feed mnuftures re lredy tfish diets for ommeril purpose. dopting e use of less expensive, redily ville plnt protein soures (PPS) s sustitute for fishmel MATERIALS AND METHODS [3-5]. Muh s mny lterntive protein soures (APS) hve een used in e replement of fishmel in fish Fish y-produts (hed, guts, tils) of tilpi nd diets [6-9] rough feeding trils, poor qulity of suh tfish were otined from e ity min fish mrket. APS espeilly due to presene of ertin nti nutritionl The wstes were rinsed in len wter nd ooked sustnes in em hve limited eir use [10, 11]. for 20 minutes to reh 95 C in order to prevent Fishmel hs erefore een desried s e single ontmintion y disese pogens. The mixture ws most importnt ingredient t must e present in fish diet en drined, sundried for 2 dys nd grounded wi n t lest 10% inlusion level [12] in fish diets. It hs een eletri grinding mhine. Smple ws tken for proximte distinguished however, t niml protein soures nlysis. The prepred fish wste mel (FWM) ws used should e used s replement for fishmel in fish diet to formulte isonitrogonous tfish diets (40% CP) t 10% while plnt protein soure should e used lso reple nd 15% inlusion rtes. Imported fishmel (72% CP) noer plnt protein soure in fish diet for profitle fish ws lso used to formulte diets t 10% nd 15% Corresponding Auor: A. O Sotolu, Nsrw Stte University Keffi, Deprtment of Forestry, Wildlife nd Fisheries Shu-Lfi Cmpus, Lfi, Nigeri 285

2 Am-Eurs. J. Si. Res., 4 (4): , 2009 inlusion rte while e ontrol diet (0% Fish) hd no Eonomi onversion rtion (ECR) = ost of fishmel. One hundred nd fifty Clris griepinus diet x feed onversion rte [17] ost of feeds ws juveniles of 18.20±0.40g were olleted from reputle sed on e urrent pries of feed ingredients s fish frm wiin Lfi nd were llowed to limtize otined in Lfi (Nigeri) during e experimentl period. for 7 dys during whih ey were fed 2mm oppens for All dt olleted from e ompletely rndomized 5 dys. Feeding tril ommened fter one dy strvtion design experiment were omputed nd sujeted to when ey were distriuted rndomly into retngulr two-wy nlysis of vrine (ANOVA). Signifint men onrete tnks of 1.2 x 1.0 x 1.0m size in triplites. Fish differenes were seprted y Dunn s multiple rnge were fed d liitum for 70 dys. All diets formulted test (P<0.05) using SPSS for windows (version 12). Vlues nd fish rsses were nlyzed for proximte nlysis were expressed s men±s.e. ording to [16]. Wter qulity in e ulture medi ws monitored for ph, mmonium nitrogen nd dissolved RESULTS oxygen to ensure fvourle ulture systems for e fish, roughout e 10-week experiment. From e experiment, Fish wstes mel (FWM) prepred in e study dt were otined fortnightly nd were used to lulte ontined 61.62% rude protein nd 9.55% rude ft s e following: shown in Tle1. The ingredients used in formulting e test diets nd eir proximte ompositions re ontined Weight gin (MWG) = W2-W1 in Tle 2. All e five test diets hd high rude protein Speifi Grow Rte (SGR) = (Ln W2-Ln W 1/T2-T 1) x 100 ontents whih rnged from 40.81% in diet 5 (15%FM) to 41.57% in diet 1 (ontrol) rude ft ws highest in diet 5 Where: W 2 = finl weight of fish, Tle 1: Proximte omposition of fish wstes mel diet used in diet W = initil weight (g) of fish, 1 T = end of experiment 2 T = egin of experiment (dys) 1 Protein effiieny rtio (PER) = weight gin (g)/protein intke (g) Feed onversion Rtio (FCR) = Totl feed intke/weight gin (g) Protein intke = Feed fed x rude protein of e feed. Tle 2: Gross ingredient nd proximte omposition of experimentl diets formultion (%DM) Nutrient % Dry mtter Crude protein Crude ft 9.55 Ash NFE 3.17 Gross energy (KJ/g) (1) (3) (2) (4) (5) Ingredients (%) ontrol 10% FWM 15% FWM 10% FM 15% FM Fishmel 72% Fish wste mel (FWM) Groundnut ke Soyen mel Mize D-lium phosphte Fish premix Slt Vegetle oil Proximte omposition (%) Crude protein Crud lipid Crude fire Ash NFE Moisture *Biomix fish vitmin/minerl providing per kg of diet t 5kg per tonne inlusion: 20,000 iu, vitmin A, 200 i.u, Vit. D3, 200 mg Vit E, 8 mg Vit k3, 20mg Vit B1, 30 mg Vit B2, 12 mg Vit B6, 50 mg Pntoeni id, 0.8 mg Biotin, 150 mg Niin, 0.05mg Vit B12, 160mg Vit. C, 4.0mg Colt, 40 mg Iron, 5.0 mg Iodine, 30 mg Mngnese, 4 mg Copper, 40 mg Zin, 0.2 mg Selenium, 100 mg Lysine, 100 mg Meionine, 100 mg Anti-oxidnt. 286

3 Am-Eurs. J. Si. Res., 4 (4): , 2009 Tle 3: Grow performne nd nutrient utiliztion of fish fed FWM nd FM sed diets. Diets Vriles Initil weight (g) Finl weight(g) 38.61± ± ± ± ±1.12 Weight gin(g) 20.29± ± ± ± ±0.61 Speifi grow rte 1.07± ± ± ± ±0.17 Totl fed intke/fish 42.33± ± ± ± ±1.35 Feed onversion rtio 2.09± ± ± ± ±0.42 Protein effiieny rtio 1.20± ± ± ± ±0.05 Survivl (%) Cost of feed (N)/kg d Eonomi onversion rtio Men vlues wi e sme supersript long e sme row re not signifintly different (p>0.05) Tle 4: Fish rss proximte omposition efore nd fter experiment Finl Nutrient (%) Initil Diet 1 Diet 2 Diet 3 Diet 4 Diet 5 Moisture 12.62± ± ± ± ± ±0.1 Crude protein d 63.59± ± ± ± ± ±0.3 Crude lipid 6.42± ± ± ± ± ±0.6 Ash 4.33± ± ± ± ± ±0.7 NFE 25.66± ± ± ± ± ±1.20 Men vlues wi e sme supersript long e sme row re not signifintly different (p>0.05) (8.23%) nd lest in diet 3 (6.19%) while sh ontent ws is level suggests t more nutrients rih in mino ids highest in diet 1 (13. 48%) nd lest in diet 3 (12.49%). re mde ville for fish to utilize sine o re from All test diets were well epted y fish s vlues of feed fish soure. This finding is similr to e reports of intke rnged from 42.33g to 44.58g (Tle 3). FCR, PER, [5, 18] t iologil fish wstge supplementtion SGR nd weight gin were ll signifintly influened to diet improved egg weight, weight gin, egg shell (P<0.05) due to diets. Speifi grow rte (g/dy/%) ws ikness nd yolk perentge in lying Jpnese mrginlly different etween diet 3 nd 5 ut ey were quils. The overll grow performne nd high signifintly (P<0.05) higher n vlues in oer survivl rtes in ll tretments suggest t ll diets tretment wi e lest eing 1.07 in ontrol. Men inluding ontrol (no fishmel sed-ingredients) diet weight gin lso followed e sme trend where e lest were suitle for fish nd met its nutritionl requirement vlue ws found in fish fed ontrol diet (20.29g). PER ws ut e signifintly low weight gin, SGR, PER nd poor higher in diet 3 (1.37) nd 5 (1.36) nd lest in e ontrol FCR indites furer t plnt protein soures lone diet (1.20). Survivl rte ws generlly high in ll diets ontined in e diet were not well utilized like ose diets whih rnged from 93% to 100% nd eonomi ontining fish mel se. This oservtion my e due onversion rtio ws mrginlly differene mong diets to e presene of ertin sustnes t impede (P>0.05) exept in diet 3 (FWM 15%) whih hd e lest nutrient utiliztion in legume grins espeilly nd vlue eing e est. Fish rss protein ws highest in oer plnt soures [19-22] erefore orroortes e fish fed diet 5 (69.17%) nd lest in fish fed diet 1 minimum level of 10% fishmel inlusion in fish diets y (66.42%). Bo fish rss protein nd rude lipid [12]. Signifint men differenes reorded for weight however inresed from eir initil vlues 63.59% nd gin, SGR, FCR nd PER etween 10% FWM nd 15% 6.42% respetively in ll diets t e end of e 70 dy FWM suggest t e 15% FWM provided fish wi experiment (Tle 4). more nutrients. The study reveled t e fish wste mel is ple of supplying dequte nutrient s e DISCUSSION imported fishmel sine o ingredients performed well t e sme level whih inlude 10% nd 15% inlusions In e urrent study, weight gin, FCR nd PER of wiout ny signifint differene. These results ould e fish improved s dietry FWM nd FM inlusions due to high nutrient vlues reorded for fish y-produts inresed from 10% to 15%. The superior performne t [24-27]. The inresing fish rss proteins nd lipids 287

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