Plant Protection & Biological Control of Viral Infection on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) by Root Extract of Boerhaavia diffusa

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1 Plnt Protetion & Biologil Control of Virl Infetion on Okr (Aelmoshus esulentus) y Root Extrt of Boerhvi iffus Duey Rjesh Kumr 1, Singh Akhilesh Kumr 2 Diretor, Prkriti Eutionl & Reserh Institute, Luknow, UP, Ini 1 Sientifi Offier, Bio-ontrol L, PERI, Luknow, UP, Ini 2 ABSTRACT: Yellow vein mosi isese on okr (Aelmoshus esulentus) uner nturl onition ws suppresse y prtilly lrifie queous root extrt of Boerhvi iffus. Tretments were ministere s folir sprys t onentrtion of 4% t 7 ys intervl, ommening from the time when plnts were t seeling stge. Regulr sprys of root extrt of Boerhvi iffus were highly effetive in reuing okr yellow vein mosi isese. Comprtive t reore with respet to infetion, growth, flowering, fruiting, n yiel revele tht extrt from the roots of Boerhvi iffus reue infetion y out 80%. Flowering n onsequent fruiting ws oserve in ll trete es, whih showe high yiel. Fruits were more in numer, soft n green s ompre to yellow n firous fruits in ontrol es. KEYWORDS: Yellow Vein Mosi, Aqueous Root Extrt, Okr I. INTRODUCTION Pestiies kill pests, ut lso pests nturl enemies, n their overuse n hrm frmers, onsumers n the environment. The first line of efense is helthy gro-eosystem. Integrte Pest Mngement (IPM) is n eofrienly pproh whih ims t keeping pest elow n isese infesttion eonomi threshols level y employing ll ville lternte pest ontrol methos n tehniques suh s ulturl, mehnil n iologil ontrol with greter emphsis on use of Bio-pestiies n pestiies of plnt-origin like Neem formultions. Okr (Aelmosus esulentus) is n importnt vegetle rop of UP, Bihr, MP, Mhrstr et. It suffers from very estrutive isese, yellow vein mosi (YVM) of okr spre y white fly, Bemisi ti. The YVM hs een reporte s mjor isese of okr (Shivpuri et l.2004), using 25-35% mortlity of plnts every yer in most of the okr growing res of the ountry. The limti onition of plteu region of UP generlly fvor isese evelopment. In orer to ontrol the isese, the ioeffiy of onventionl insetiies ws teste ginst pests of okr (Ptel et l.1997, Mote et l. 1994, Bhgt et l. 1997). Inution n trnsfer resistne in okr ws lso trie (Fungr & Rjpoot 1993, 1999; Jmhle & Nerkr 1983). The min im of the present work ws to etermine the effiieny of root extrt of Boerhvi iffus in heking the isese uner fiel onitions. The extrt hs erlier een reporte s inuer of resistne in suseptile host plnts ginst viruses showing mosi type of symptoms (Awsthi et l.,1984 ; Verm et l. 1979, 1985) II. MATERIALS & METHODS The okr rop ws sown in seprte es. Upon germintion the seelings were juste to pproximtely 500 plnts/e (Be size = 10 7 meter 2 ). Cre ws tken to voi the growth of orer wees long the sies of the e to filitte the free flow of virus vetors.the smple of Boerhvi iffus roots ws ollete from fully mture plnts in Kushingr, UP. Roots fter wshe in running tp wter, ut into smll piees, rie uner nturl sunlight n groune to fine power. The Boerhvi iffus power ws soke in 0.2 M Soium ette (NHCOOH) uffer Copyright to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

2 (ph 5.2) in the rtio of 1:5. The pulp ws squeeze through two fols of muslin loth n filtrte ws entrifuge t 8000 rpm for 15 minutes. To the superntnt 60% mmonium sulphte ws e n kept overnight. The preipitte forme ws ollete fter entrifugtion, issolve in smll mount of uffer n ilyse ginst Soium ette uffer (0.02 M, ph 5.2). The ler ilyste ws ilute up to 1:5 with the help of istille wter. Sprys on test plnts were one with the help of pneumti hn spryer, until rip off ourre. Oservtions on isese iniene were me t weekly intervls with respet to plnt height, flowering n fruiting t the en of the experiment when the rop ws mture. Finl reing lso inlue fruit length, numer of fruits per plnt n yiel. III. RESULTS Plnts showing virl symptoms on & -too, - Lgenri n -sun hemp Fig-1 is expresse in the experiment. The isese ws pprent from the first week onwrs in ll the es of okr, however in the thir week isese spre stilize in the trete es. Between 4 th n 5 th week ontrol es exhiite steep rise in isese n numer of plnts infete shot up from 20% to 35%-40%, initing perhps fresh vetor ttk whih h no effet on the trete es Fig-2. Fig.2 Plnts showing virl symptoms: :Systemi symptoms of TMV on Niotin tum v. NP-31; :Lolize symptoms of TMV on Niotin glutinos; : Systemi symptoms of CMV on Lgenri : Systemi symptoms of SRV on Crotlri june Fig-1 The perent protetion ffore y B. iffus extrt initilly ws 85%. Trete okr isplye etter response in the initil phse ut exhiite suen rise in isese iniene etween the thir n fourth weeks efore stilizing gin from fifth week onwrs. There ws however, orresponing inrese in the ontrol e s well The finl figures showe 35% erese in numer of isese plnts in es trete with B. iffus extrts. Disese suppression ue to B. iffus extrt tretment resulte in etter growth, flowering n yiel of plnts. Enhnement of Copyright to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

3 finl yiel ws notle in B. iffus extrt trete es. Totl rop yiel ws 68.5 kg in trete es in ontrst to kg in ontrol es. Fig.5 Effet of spry of BD root protein on growth n isese iniene on Aelmoshus esulentus plnts Untrete ontrol plnt in erly stges Trete helthy plnt in erly stges Untrete plnt showing high infetion n low fruiting in lte stges Trete plnt showing goo growth n high fruiting in lter stges Fig-2 As whole, the root extrt of Boerhvi iffus ws foun to e most effetive in ll oservtions reore. As ompre to ontrol, yellow vein mosi isese hrterize y, right yellow res lternting with green n osionl lef turning fully yellow ws heke to onsierle extent in B. iffus trete plnts (Verm et l.1979, 1985). Previous reports of Boerhvi iffus ws s inuer of resistne ginst virus infetions (Awsthi et l n Verm et l. 1984). Root extrt hs een lime to provie protetion in wie vriety of vegetle rops. Dt reore here suggeste the use of Boerhvi iffus s soure of possile prophylti gent ginst the yellow vein mosi isese of okr. Effet of tretment of BD root extrt on protetion of okr rop from iseses n rop yiel is tulte in the tle -1 n plotte in the igrmme-1. Copyright to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

4 S. No. Tle-1:Effet of tretment of BD root extrt on protetion of okr rop from iseses n rop yiel. Aspet BD root extrt trete Control 1 Numer of plnts 2 Numer of isese plnts 3 Disese severity 4 Numer of fruits per plnt 5 Fruit length (m) 6 Plnt height (m) 7 Totl rop yiel (kg) I II III IV I II III IV ±1 9±0.5 10±1 9±0.25 5±0.1 6±0.2 8±0.3 6±0.3 11±2 12±1 12±1.5 12±1.75 8±0.5 8±1.5 10±1.0 9±0.5 75±5 80±5 85±3 80±2.5 65±3.5 35±2.9 40±4 35±3.0 66±3 69±2.5 72±1.9 67±2.6 35±4 38±4.5 42±5.2 36±2.3 Digrmme-1. Effet of tretment of BD root extrt on protetion of okr rop from iseses n rop yiel. IV. DISCUSSION Effet of BD root extrt on isese iniene on okr rop uner fiel onitions Numer of plnts infete Control Trete Time in week (Infetion spre) Plnt Protetion strtegy n tivities hve signifint importne in the overll rop proution progrmmes for sustinle griulture. Plnt protetion efforts im t minimizing rop losses ue to rvges of inset pests, iseses, wees, nemtoes, roents, et. Enforement of Destrutive Insets & Pests At (1914) for prevention of exoti pests, promotion of Integrte Pest Mngement (IPM), Implementtion of Insetiies At, 1968 for regulting proution Copyright to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET

5 n use of pestiies, monitoring n ontrol. Plnt Protetion n through iologil ontrol it is expete tht the yiel losses oul e minimize n the qulity of rop e improve REFERENCES 1. Awsthi,L.P. Chowhury,B. n Verm,H.N. (1984) Prevention of plnt virus isese y Boerhvi iffus inhiitor. In. J. Trop. Plnt Dis. 2: Bhgt AP, Yv BI n Prs Y (1997). Mngement of Bhini yellow vein mosi virus isese y insetiies. J. Myol. Pl. Pthol. 27 (2): Fungro PA n Rjput JC (1993). Sreening of okr resistne ginst yellow vein mosi isese. Pro. V zonl Meeting In Phytopth. So. Hel t PKV, Akl, 18 th Jn pp Fungro PA n Rjput JC (1999). Breeing okr for yellow vein mosi virus resistne. J. Myol. Pl. Pthol. 29 (1): Gninzzi, S.(1982) Antivirl gents n inuers virus resistne : nlogies with interferon; Ative efense Meh. In plnts Et y R.K.S. Woo Plenum Pulishing Corportion, New York. 6. Jmhle ND n Nerkr YS (1983). Interspeifi trnsfer of resistne to yellow vein mosi isese in okr. J. Mhrstr Agri. Univ.: Mote UN, Dtkhile RV n SA Pwr (1994). Imilopri s see resse ginst suking pest of okr. Pestology 18: Ptel NC, Ptel JJ, Jyni BD, Ptel JR n Ptel BD (1997). Bioeffiy of onventionl insetiies ginst pests of okr. In J. Ent. 59: Shivpuri A, Bhrgv KK, Chipp HP n Ghsoli RP (2004). Mngement of yellow vein mosi virus of okr. 34(2): Verm,H.N. Chowhery, B. n Rstogi, P.(1984) Antivirl tivity of ifferent Cleroenrum L. speies. Zeitshrift fur pflnzenkrntheiten un flnznhvtz 91: Verm H.N., Rstogi P., Prs V.n Srivstv A. (1985). Possile ontrol of nturl virl infetion on Vign rit n Vign mungo y plnt extrts. In. J. Pl. Pth. 3(1): Verm, H.N. (1982). Inhiitor of plnt viruses from higher plnts. Current Trens in Plnt virology Et. By B.P.Singh n S.P.Ryhouhury, Toy n Tomorrow s Printers n Pulishers, New Delhi, Verm, H.N. n Awsthi, L.P.(1979) Antivirl tivity of Boerhvi iffus root extrt n the physil properties of the virus inhiitor. Cn. J. Bot. 57: Verm, H.N. n Srivstv, A (1985) A potent systemi inhiitor of plnt virus infetion from Aerv snguinolent Blume. Curr. Si; 54: Verm, H.N., Awsthi, L.P. n Mukerjee K. (1979) Inution of Systemi resistne y nti virl plnt extrts in non-hypersensitive hosts. J. Pl. Dis. Prot. 87 (12): Verm, H.N., Awsthi, L.P. n Sxen K.C. (1979) Isoltion of the virus inhiitor from the root extrt of Boerhvi iffus inuing Systemi resistne in plnts. Cn. J. Bot. 57: Verm,H.N. n Khn, M. M. Ai Ali (1984) Mngement of plnt virus iseses y Pseuernthemum iolor lef extrts Z. Pflnzenkr. Pflenzenshutz. 91 : Copyright to IJIRSET DOI: /IJIRSET