Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Containing Date Waste Meal for Lohmann White Layers

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1 Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene 7 (): 97-07, 008 ISSN Asin Network for Sientifi Informtion, 008 Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers A.A. El - Deek, M. Al - Hrthi n H.M. Ykout Meteorology, Environment n Ari Ln Agriulture College, King Aulziz University, P.O.Box: 8008, Jeh 89, Sui Ari Deprtment of Poultry Proution, Alexnri University, El - Shty, Alexnri, Egypt Astrt: The urrent reserh ojetive ws to etermine the effet of enrihe lyers iets ontining te wste mel () with ommerilly prepre enzymes mixture on White Lohmnn lying hens performne. Lohmnn LSL-Clssi White lyers of (-weeks ol; n = 9) were rnomly ssigne to 8 groups of irs eh. Four formulte iets of 8% rue protein whih ontine 0,, 0 n/ or % s replement for yellow orn, eh iet ws supplemente with of kemzyme (EZ) t gm/kg iet until weeks of ge. Results showe tht oy weights n oy weight hnges ue to % inlusion n EZ supplementtion were improve. Egg proution, egg weight n fee onversion rtio were improve y EZ supplementtion to iets ontining %. Enzyme n supplementtion to experimentl iets h positive effet on slmonell n E. Coli s well s fungi ounts in the gstrointestinl trt. Also, EZ supplementtion h improve nutrients igestiility oeffiient of iets tht ontine higher levels. Plsm totl lipis were signifintly (P < 0.0) erese with higher levels, while totl lipis of fresh eggs were higher thn tht of store eggs. On the other hn, EZ supplementtion h no signifint ifferene (P > 0.0) in this respet. Inlusion of % signifintly (P < 0.0) improve shell thikness n Hugh units with higher levels. No signifint ifferenes were reore for yolk olor or inex ue to either of the ietry tretments. It is onlue tht n e inlue in lying iets s n lterntive ietry ingreient up to 0% with no verse effets on proution, n showe n improvement on performne when ompre to tht of the ontrol iet supplemente with enzymes mixture. Key wors: Lying hens, te wste mel, enzyme mixture, poultry iets Introution Shortge of onventionl fee ingreients is onsiere mjor ostle tht is fing poultry inustry evelopment in mny tropil n su-tropil ountries, prompting the serh for other suitle rw mterils "ingreients" to provie require nutrients for the ir. Inorportion of suh prouts in poultry fee woul help lleviting the prolem of the srity of fee supply n my lso reue pollution prolems. Currently, te wste mel () is onsiere to e suh goo ingreient tht oul prtilly overome fee shortge. This prout oul e inorporte in poultry iets s hep untritionl feestuff to reue feeing osts n llevites pollution prolems (Al- Hrthi, 006). Dtes re proue in unne in mny prts of the Mile Est n Ar worl, wheres over thn 70% of the totl worl proution of tes is proue in this re. Sui Ari with its vrie grolimti onitions is one of few ountries prouing numerous vrieties of tes. Aoring to the pulishe sttistis of the Ministry of Agriulture n Wter (000), onsierle mount (0%) of proue tes is ineile n is not enefiil for humn onsumption ue to its poor qulity. Sustitution of grins in lying hen iets with te wstes hs een reporte y ifferent investigtors (Jumh et l., 97; Yeong et l., 98; Swy et l., 98; El-Boushy n Vnerpoel et l., 99), ut the higher rue fier ontent might e onsiere limiting ftor for the inlusion level of. Frtiontion of rue fier of inite the presene of 9.7, 0.6,.9, 6.9 n 7.8% of i etergent fier, neutrl etergent fier, hemi-ellulose, ellulose n lignin, respetively (Ahme, 997). Moreover, there re umultive evienes initing tht ell wll nonstrh polyshries h n nti-nutritionl tivity in mny mono-gstri nimls (Chot, 00). Fortuntely, se on the reent iotehnology vnes in fee itive, n extensive work hs een one to improve the utiliztion of unonventionl feestuffs s tool for reuing the eonomis in fee inustry. Benefits of supplementing non-strh polyshries rih poultry iets with exogenous enzymes re well oumente (Befor n Clssen, 99; Almirll et l., 99; Yu et l., 997; Wng et l., 00). Although nutrients in orn re generlly onsiere highly ville, to % improvement in fee onversion with enzyme supplementtion hs een reporte (Cown, 97

2 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle : Composition n nutrients ontents of the experimentl iets Experimentl iets , % 0 0 Ingreients, % Corn yellow Soyen mel (8% CP) Di-Clium Phosphte Limestone Slt (NCl) Vegetle oil DL-Methionine, 99% Vitmin+ Minerl premix Sn (filler) Totl Nutrient (Clulte, %) Crue Protein ME (kl/kg),80.00,80.00,80.00,80.00 Lysine Methionine Clium Aville Phosphorus Totl Phosphorus = Dte wste mel. Vitmins n Tre minerls premix supplie per kilogrm of iet: vitmin A (retinly ette);,000iu; vitmin E (ll r-"-toopheryl ette), 0IU; k (menione imethypyrimiinol isulfite), mg; vitmin D,,00ICU; rioflvin, 0mg; pntotheni i (D-lium pntothente), 0mg; niin, 0mg; Choline hlorie, 00mg; vitmin B (ynoolmin), 0µg; vitmin B6, 0mg; thimine (thimine mononitrte),.mg; foli i, mg; D-iotin, 0µg; mngnese (MnO), mg; zin (ZnO), 0 mg; iron (FeSO H O), 0 mg; opper (CuSO HO), 0 mg; selenium, mg n Ethoxyquin mg. 99). The poultry fee inustry hs gretly inrese its use of ommerilly ville exogenous enzymes uring the pst yers. Supplementing exogenous enzymes n improve igestion of nutrients from feestuffs, therey eresing fee osts, improving ir performne n eresing environmentl impt of ln pplie mnure (Befor n Shulze, 998; Jroni et l., 999; Silversies et l., 006). Therefore, the min purpose of this stuy ws to investigte the effet of repling yellow orn with 0,, 0 n/or % in lyers iets tht re supplemente with ommeril enzyme oktil mixture on performne of Lohmnn LSL-Clssi White hens. Mterils n Methos The urrent experimentl work ws rrie out t the Agriulture Reserh Center t H El-Shm, Fulty of Meteorology Environmentl n Ari Ln Agriulture, King Aulziz University. Lots of use in this stuy were ollete from vries suppliers ross Sui Ari lol mrkets. Dte wste mel use onsiste of low qulity te, isre te of the ulling proess, n ol te of the previous yer proution. This te's mixture ws proesse y removing sn, herge n Tle : Proximte nlysis of te wste mel in omprison to yellow orn Nutrient, % YC Moisture Crue protein Crue fier.70.0 Ether extrt.7.80 Ash.90. Nitrogen free extrt ME (kl/kg),9.00,.76 Clium Totl Phosphorus Methionine Lysine = Dte Wste Mel. YC = Yellow Corn. Metolizle energy (ME) ws lulte on the sis of its hemil omposition oring to Crpenter n Clegg (96). grvel. Then, it ws sun-rie with 7 hours n groun in hevy-uty high rottion hmmer mill to pss through mm. mesh sieve, prouing fine power suitle for hemil nlysis oring (A.O.A.C., 996). Experimentl iets inlue ietry levels of of 0,, 0 n/ or %, to reple yellow orn with or without kemzyme supplementtion. Enzyme esription: The enzyme use in this stuy is kemzyme (EZ) whih is ry stilize preprtion mnufture y Chemix Compny, Egypt. It is multienzyme preprtion (" - mylse, ß - glunse, xylnse, protese, lipse n ellulse). The enzymes mixture ws e t the level of g/kg iet. Eh g of the enzyme ontins 00 units ellulse, 0 units ß - glunse, 00 units xylnse n 000 units "- mylse. Animls n iets: Diets lulte hemil nlyses re presente in Tle. Eh experimentl iet ws formulte to meet nutrients reommention of Lohmnn LSL-Clssi White mngement guie whih met or exeee the NRC (99) reommentions. A totl of one hunre n ninety two Lohmnn LSL- Clssi White ommeril lying hens, ging -weeks were rnomly ssigne to 8 experimentl groups, eh group ws represente y hens in three replites pens of 8 irs eh n were kept uner similr mngement onitions. Hens were house in n environmentlly ontrolle fility with ily trget o temperture of C. Fee n wter were provie for liitum onsumption. The proximte nlysis of in omprison to yellow orn is presente in Tle. Mesurements: The following riteri were mesure n / or lulte: Boy weight, mortlity rte (Dt not Kemzyme: enzyme oktil preprtion mnufture y Chemix Compny, Egypt. supplemente t g/kg iet s reommene y the prouer (Finn Fees interntionl, LTD, UK). Lohmnn Tierzuht GmH. Ashnee 6, 77 Cuxhven, P.O.Box 60, 7 Cuxhven, Germny 98

3 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle : Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on egg numers of Lohmnn White lyers from to weeks of ge Egg numer (egg/hen/-wk) Tretments Overll,% EZ x EZ e e SEM Proilities *** *** *** *** *** *** EZ *** NS NS NS ** NS x EZ *** ** * *** *** *** - Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P = 0.0). : Dte wste mel. Overll: to weeks of ge. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. ***: (P < 0.00); **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). NS: not signifint (P > 0.0). shown), egg numer, egg weights were mesure n inert mrker. Chromi oxie ws nlyze oring to fee onversion rtio ws lulte strting wks of Czrnoki et l. (96). Exret n ilel smples were ge. At the en of the experiment, freshly ollete o frozen n store t -0 C susequent to olletion until smple of five eggs n nother five eggs store for further nlyze. Frozen ilel n frozen exret smples o ys uner norml room temperture ( C) were were thwe, trnsferre to luminum pns n ple ollete from eh tretment for egg qulity o in 6 C oven for ys to etermine ry mtter. After mesurements, whih inlue shell thikness, Hugh rying, ll smples were groun through -mm sreen unit (Stlemn, 977), yolk olor using yolk olor fn to prep for nlysis. Vlues otine were use to sore n yolk inex (Well, 968). Also, similr egg lulte nutrient retention n ilel igestiility using smple size s esrie ove were ollete from the following eqution: % Nutrient igestiility = 00- eh tretment for yolk lipis nlysis s esrie y ((Diet CrO / Fel CrO * Fel nutrient / Diet nutrient) Fisher n Leveille (97) using ommeril kits * 00). Fel nitrogen ws etermine oring to the proue y Dimon Dignosti. Estimte slughter proeure of Jkosen et l. (960). yiel were lso rrie out y rnomly using three hens roun the verge of oy weight from eh group. Sttistil nlysis: All t ws nlyze using the Then, were eprive of fee for hours, weighe n GLM proeures of SAS for Complete Rnomize slughtere to omplete leeing, followe y pluking Design (CRD). All ietry tretments (four fethers then weighte. Crss weight, ressing, inlusion levels n two enzyme levels) were ominl ft, intestine weight, oviut n ovry weight onsiere fixe effets. Signifint tretment perentge were reore n intestine length ws lso ifferenes were estlishe using the LSMEANS etermine. sttement in SAS (SAS, 00). A x ftoril To etermine nutrients igestiility oeffiients, smples rrngement of tretments ws implemente n the of iets n rie exret were tken from eh following moel ws use to etermine ifferenes tretment. Exret were ollete from eh pen t the etween tretment groups: Y ij = µ + i + j + () ij + eij en the experiment ( wks) for mesuring nutrients Where Y ij = vrile mesure; µ = overll men; i= th th igestiility n exret nitrogen ontent. At wks of effet of the i level of A; j = effet of the j level of B; th th ge, ll hens were euthnize y ervil islotion, () ij = intertion effet of the i level of A n the j level n ilel ontents (from Mekel's ivertiulum to the ileo- of B n e ij = error omponent. Signifine of ifferene el juntion) were ollete n poole per pen for ws se on the proility of type III error set t (P < nlysis of hromium n nitrogen Chromi oxie ws 0.0). The ifferenes mong mens were teste e to experimentl iets t gm/kg (0.%) s n utilizing Dunn s multiple rnge test (Dunn, 9). Dimon ignosti: Fiske Street. Holliston, Msshusetts 076 USA 99

4 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle : Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on egg weight of Lohmnn White lyers from to weeks of ge Tretments Egg weight (gm) Experimentl perios (wks) Overll,% EZ x EZ SEM Proilities * * ** NS NS * EZ NS NS * NS NS NS x EZ * * *** ** NS *** - Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P < 0.0). : Dte wste mel. Overll: to weeks of ge. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. ***: (P < 0.00); **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). NS: not signifint (P > 0.0). Results n Disussion Results of egg numer s ffete y ifferent inlusion levels of n EZ supplementtion throughout the entire experimentl perios re presente in Tle. Overll, inlusion erese (P < 0.00) egg numer vlues s ompre with tht of the ontrol group. This reution ws signifint to the extent of.0, 6.69 n 7.98% for, 0 n % sustitution of yellow orn, respetively. However, egg numer for irs fe % sustitution for YC ws insignifint (P > 0.0) uring ( to wks) n (0 to wks) perios s ompre to those fe the ontrol iet. Similrly, Nji et l. (99) foun tht signifint eline in egg proution perent ws note for hens fe iets ontining 8%. Overll, EZ supplementtion ( to wks of ge) insignifintly improve egg numer y.7% over tht of the unsupplemente iet. However, the inrement rte ws only signifint; uring perio ( to 7 wks; P < 0.00) n (0 to wks; P < 0.0), respetively. Enzymes mixture supplementtion to lyer fees hve een reporte to improve lyers performne inluing FCR (Beneljelil n Aroui 99; Vuki Vrnjes n Wenk 99) energy utiliztion (Wytt n Goomn 99; Vuki Vrnjes n Wenk 99) n lying rte (Poultry Interntionl, 996). This improvement ppers to e result of miroil fermenttion of soluilize NSPs (Vuki Vrnjes n Wenk, 99) n the susequently higher sorption of voltile ftty is (Chot et l., 99). Our results re in greement with the results of A El-Ghny et l. (997) n El-Full (000) who reporte tht there ws insignifint inrese in egg proution ue to EZ supplementtion. On the other hn, (Arft, 00; Shkmk, 00; Ykout et l., 00) reporte tht EZ supplementtion to lying hens iets signifintly improve egg proution. Overll, signifint (P<0.00) x EZ ws note, of whih ietry EZ supplementtion to experimentl iets i not signifintly improve egg numer (P > 0.0). However, inresing ietry inlusion levels reue egg numer (P<0.00), sfeeing the % level lowere egg numer when hens were fe iets with no EZ or with EZ y.7 n 8.06%, respetively s ompre to the ontrol group. Dt presente in Tle inite tht overll there ws no signifint effet (P > 0.0) of t or 0% inlusion levels on egg weight s ompre to tht of the ontrol. However, inlusion level of % showe signifint reution (P<0.0) s ompre to tht of the ontrol group y.8%. These results re in ontrst with previously reporte results y (Nji et l., 99; El-Bogy 99; Rwn et l., 997; Perez et l., 000; Mhmou, 00) who reporte similr verge egg weights mong groups reeive ifferent levels of te pits ontining iets. In regr to EZ supplementtion, overll egg weight ws not influene y EZ 0.% ition expet tht of perio ( to ) weeks whih h the highest (P<0.0) vlue, whih might e ue to the improvement in nutrients utiliztion ue to EZ ition (El - Deek et l., 00 n Chot, 00

5 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle : Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on fee onversion rtio of Lohmnn White lyers from to weeks of ge FCR (gm fee/ gm egg mss) Experimentl perios (wks) Overll,% EZ x EZ 0.96 e e e e SEM Proilities *** *** * ** 6 NS *** EZ *** NS * NS ** *** x EZ *** * ** ** *** *** -e Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P<0.0). : Dte wste mel. FCR: Fee onversion 6 rtio. Overll: 0 to 0 weeks of ge. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. ***: (P<0.00); **: (P<0.0); *: (P<0.0). NS: not signifint (P>0.0). 00). A signifint x EZ intertion (P<0.00) ws note overll, lthough there ws no signifint (P > 0.0) EZ min ffet ws note, ll the intertion signifint effets were ue to signifint (P<0.0) ietry inlusions. Feeing hens iets without EZ supplementtion h numerilly higher egg weights s ompre to those proue from hens fe EZ supplemente iets. As for fe hens, inresing inlusion level from 0 to 0% resulte in susequent signifint (P<0.00) inrese in egg weight. However, feeing the highest level (%) h lowere verge egg weights y.9% s ompre to the ontrol group. All ietry tretments inluing signifint n EZ min effets n intertions (P<0.00) on fee onversion rtio re illustrte in Tle. It is ler tht sustitution for yellow orn impire fee onversion rtio vlues through ll stuie perios n overll (P<0.00). This impirment ws to the extent of 6.6 (% ), 7. (0% ) n 9.% (% ) for the overll perio. On the other hn, overll EZ ition improve (P<0.00) fee onversion rtio y out.% over the EZ un-supplemente iets. These results gree with those foun y (Ht et l., 99; Mthlouti et l., 00), who reporte signifint improvement in fee onversion rtio oserve when hens where fe iets supplemente with enzymes mixture. A signifint x EZ (P<0.00) ws lso note, of whih feeing hens the ontrol iet (0.0 ) with EZ supplementtion improve fee onversion rtio etter thn those fe no EZ supplemente iets. Tle 6: Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on egg qulity of Lohmnn White lyers fresh n store eggs t weeks of ge Tretments Shell Yolk thikness Hugh Yolk inex,% EZ C (mm.) unit olor (%) 0 - F S SEM Proilities xez 6 * *** NS ** EZxC 7 NS *** NS ** xc NS *** NS ** xezxc NS ** NS * : Dte wste mel. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. C: 6 Egg onition fresh vs. store. F: Fresh. S: Store. ***: (P < ); **: (P<0.0); *: (P<0.0). NS: not signifint (P>0.0). Furthermore, the ontrol group h etter fee onversion rtio when ompre to the highest 0

6 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle 7: Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on some slughter trits of Lohmnn White lyers t weeks of ge Aominl Intestine Intestine Oviut Ovry Liver Tretments ft (%) wt.(%) length (m.) wt.(%) wt.(%) wt.(%), % EZ x EZ SEM Proilities * ** *** * NS * EZ *** NS ** ** NS NS x EZ ** *** ** * NS NS - Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P < 0.0). %; perent of oy weight. : Dte wste mel. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. ***: (P < 0.00); **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). NS: not signifint (P > 0.0) level (%), with EZ supplemente iets (8.%), or 8.7), respetively. Moreover, feeing the highest without EZ supplementtion (.0%), respetively. (% with EZ) resulte in higher Hugh units s Selete egg qulity trits re shown in Tle 6. Both ompre to feeing % with no EZ levels repling yellow orn n EZ supplementtion. Another signifint x EZ x C supplementtion insignifintly (P<0.0) ffete yolk intertion ws note (P < 0.0), of whih in generl olor n shell thikness for fresh n store fresh eggs h higher yolk inex over store eggs. eggs, respetively. The opposite ws true for Hugh unit Looking t the fresh eggs, there ws numeril n yolk inex whih were signifintly improve inrese in yolk inex with inresing inlusion (P<0.0, P<0.0) y n EZ supplementtion, for levels for the no EZ supplemente iets. Also, fresh n store egg, respetively. This improvement inresing inlusion levels up to % inrese might e ttriute to nti-miroil enhning effets yolk inex for the EZ supplemente iets fe hens s ue to EZ supplementtion n igestive improvement ompre to the ontrol group (7. vs. 6.7), effets ue to the inlusion levels (Cown, 99; respetively. Moreover, feeing the highest (% Befor; Shulze, 998; Jroni et l., 999; Silversies with EZ) resulte in higher yolk inex s ompre to et l., 006). Hugh units showe signifint x feeing % without EZ supplementtion. As for EZ x C intertion (P<0.0), of whih in generl fresh the store eggs, feeing % with no EZ eggs h higher Hugh units over store eggs. Looking supplementtion h the highest Hugh units (9.) t the fresh eggs, feeing % with no EZ over ll other supplemente iets. Also, inresing supplementtion h the highest Hugh units (0.) inlusion levels up to % inrese yolk inex for over ll other supplemente iets. Also, inresing the EZ non-supplemente iets fe hens s ompre inlusion levels up to % inrese Hugh units to the ontrol group (9. vs. 7.6), respetively. for the EZ supplemente iets fe hens s ompre to Moreover, feeing the highest (% without EZ) the ontrol group (96. vs. 00.), respetively. Moreover, resulte in higher yolk inex s ompre to feeing feeing the highest (% with no EZ) resulte in % with EZ supplementtion 9. vs. 8., higher Hugh units s ompre to feeing % respetively. with EZ supplementtion. As for the store eggs, feeing Slughter trits re presente in Tle 7, of whih ovry % with EZ supplementtion h the highest weight perent of hens fe ietry (0,, 0 or %) Hugh units (8.6) over ll other supplemente h sttistilly similrvlues to those fe the ontrol iets. Also, inresing inlusion levels up to % iet (P > 0.0), wheres, mens vlues of ominl ft, inrese Hugh units for the EZ non-supplemente intestine, oviut n liver weight perentges were iets fe hens s ompre to the ontrol group (8 vs. erese (P<0.0) s ompre with those of the 0

7 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle 8: Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on totl protein n lipis onentrtion of plsm n lipi ontent of fresh n store egg yolk of Lohmnn White lyers t weeks of ge Tretments Plsm Yolk Totl Lipi Totl Protein Totl Lipi EZ, % g/00 ml g/00 ml Fresh Store - 0% % % % % % % % EZ , % SEM Proilities EZ NS * NS NS NS ** NS ** EZ x NS NS ** ** - Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P < 0.0). EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. : Dte wste mel. NS: not signifint (P > 0.0). **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). ontrol group. The opposite ws true with the intestine onentrtion h followe similr tren s result of length whih inrese (P<0.00) with inresing the feeing ietry tretments uring the experimentl ietry inlusion.8 m for the %. perio. Sttistilly, the reution rte in plsm totl These results re in line with those reporte y (Kmel protein ws not signifint (P > 0.0); however, it et l., 98; Onwuikee, 986; Solimn, 996; Rwn inrese (P<0.0) plsm totl lipis. These results et l., 997) on grower hiks n lying hens, re in greement with those reporte y Cherry n respetively. Also, the signifint erese (P<0.0) in Jones (98) who inite tht frtion of fier suh ominl ft perentge of % iet is similr to s petin n lignin onjugtes with ile is resulting the finings of (Onwuikee, 986; Hmm, 996; A in n inrese in ile i exretion ssoite with the El - Rhmn et l., 999). This might e ue to estrogen sorption of lipis. Similr tren ws lso seen with (estrone) hormone effet in te mel. El-Bori n El- yolk totl lipis of fresh n store egg whih were Bori (988) reporte tht estrone ts s stimultor erese (P < 0.0) with inresing the inlusion level of ft eposition within musle fiers followe y of. It is very importnt for humn helth, sine the erese in ominl ft. Diets supplementtion with eggs re require for ptients suffering from oronry EZ, irrespetive of ietry, inrese (P<0.00) hert isese. However, this stuy nees more ominl ft vlues, oviut perent, n intestine investigtion to lrify these finings. length. This tren ws lso seen with ovry n intestine Chnges in nutrients igestiility of Lohmnn White weight perent ut without signifine (P > 0.0). lying hens fe iets with ifferent levels with or Similrly, inresing ominl ft y EZ ition hs without EZ re presente in Tle 9. It is ler tht, een reporte in mny previous stuies of (Pisrski n igestiility oeffiients of ifferent nutrients of the Woziks, 99; Jmroz et l., 996; Alm et l., 00). stuie experimentl iets revele tht inorporting The opposite ws true with liver perentge whih ws % s sustitution of yellow orn resulte in n erese with inresing levels. Gri et l. improvement in nutrients igestiility (P<0.0) s (00) foun tht liver weights s perentge of oy ompre to those of the ontrol group. Similr results weight erese with " -mylse supplementtion to were oserve with inresing the inlusion levels iets se on orn-soyen mel. A signifint x up to % with the rue fier. Improving ether extrt EZ intertion (P<0.0) ws note regring intestine igestiility lso might e ue to ifferent inlusion length, of whih feeing iets with % without EZ levels of s result of the improve ftty i supplementtion h the longest intestine s ompre profile of (Mhmou, 00). In regr to the rue to ll other ietry tretments inluing the ontrol one. protein n fier igestiility of the experimentl iets, it As shown in the Tle 8, plsm totl protein n lipis is sttistilly equl to tht of the ontrol for ll ietry 0

8 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Tle 9: Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on nutrients igestiility of Lohmnn White lyers t weeks of ge Tretments Digestiility oeffiient, % EZ, % OM CP EE CF NFE, % EZ x EZ SEM roilities * * ** ** NS EZ ** NS ** * * x EZ ** NS ** ** * - Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P < 0.0). EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. : Dte wste mel. **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). NS: not signifint (P > 0.0). Tle 0: Effet of ifferent ietry te wste mel levels n enzyme mixture supplementtion on some miroil groups ounts (log¹º) of the gstrointestinl trt of Lohmnn White lyers t weeks of ge Totl Slm- Tretments Bteri onell E. oli Fungi, % EZ xez e.0 Proilities ** ** * EZ ** ** ** x EZ ** ** ** -e Mens within olumn with no ommon supersripts iffer signifintly (P < 0.0). : Dte wste mel. EZ: kemzyme enzyme mixture. **: (P < 0.0); *: (P < 0.0). levels. While, ifferent tren ws note with the nitrogen free extrt igestiility for ll experimentl iets whih ws not ifferent thn tht of the ontrol. On the other hn, EZ supplemente iets numerilly inrese the igestion oeffiients of nutrients n this gree with results of Aou El-wf (99). The enefit gine y the EZ ition is lrgely ue to the prtil egrtion of the solule $-glun whih reuing the visosity of intestinl ontents n improving nutrients sorption (Hesselmn n Amn, 986 n Rotter et l., 989). Results of Tle 0 shows the effet of inlusion levels to lyers iets on some speifi teril n fungi ounts of the gstrointestinl trt of Lohmnn White lyers. It is ler tht slmonell ells numers were not reovere from the gstrointestinl trt of hens fe inlusion levels of % n up. However, totl teri, E. oli n fungi group ounts were signifintly ifferent (P<0.0) s ompre to those of the ontrol group. There is teneny to erese totl teri, E. oli n fungi ounts with inresing ietry up to %. This fining is in line with tht of Cown (999) who reporte tht fruits re rih in wie vriety of seonry metolites, suh s terpenois whih ws foun to hve nti-miroil properties. Mrh (979) n Sissons (989) stte tht gut miroflor enzymes re enefiil to improve the nutrient sustne of iet y inresing the igestion of nutrients. Conerning enzymes mixture supplementtion, totl teri, E. oli n Fungi ounts of gstrointestinl were signifintly lower thn those fe the ontrol iet. The possile effets of enzymes supplementtion on igestion hve een outline y Befor (966). It ws inite tht ing enzymes mixture to iets might improve ingreients igestiility y mnipultion of gut miro-flor popultion. In generl, it n e onlue tht replement of yellow orn shoul not exee 0% in lying hens iets to support proper lying performne. Moreover, supplementtion of lying hens iets with EZ h superior effet when ompre to the non-ez 0

9 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers supplemente iets, n n enhning influene on lyers performne t 0% inlusion. Referenes A.O.A.C., 996. Offiil Methos of Anlysis, 6th En. Assoition of Offiil Anlytil Chemists Wshington, DC, USA. A El - Ghny, A.E., S.A., Irhim, E.H., El - Gnzory n A.I. El - Fhm, 997. Influene of lysoforte n enzyme preprtion on lying hen performne, n Hungrin Egyptin Poultry Conferene, 6-9 Septemer 997, Goollo, Hungry, pp: A El - Rhmn, S.A., R.E. Khir n H.M. Aou El- Nsr, 999. Dte stone mel s soure of energy in lyer iets. Egypt. Poult. Si., 9: 07-. Aou El - Wf, S., 99. Influene of enzyme preprtion n growth promoters on roiler performne. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ciro. Ahme, A.M., 997. Stuies on quil nutrition in North Sini using untritionl rtions. Ph. D. thesis. Fulty Environmentl Agriulturl Si. (North Sini) Suez Cnl University. Alm, M.J., M.A.R. Howlier, M.A.H. Prmnik n M.A. Hque, 00. Effet of exogenous enzyme in iet on roiler performne. Int. J. Poult. Si., : Al - Hrthi, M.A., 006. The influene of te wste mel supplemente with either enzymes, proiotis or their omintion on roiler performne. Egypt. Poult. Si., 6: 0-0. Almirll, M., M. Frnesh, A.M. Perez - Venrell, J. Brufu n E. Esteve - Gri, 99. The ifferenes in intestinl visosity proue y rley n ß- glunse lter igest enzyme tivities n ilel nutrient igestiilities more in roiler hiks thn in oks. J. Nutr., : Arft, M.A., 00. Stuies to improve the utiliztion of Negell see mel in Jpnese quil iets. MS.. thesis. Fulty of Agriulture (Dmnhour), Alexnri University. Befor, M.R., 966. Intertion etween ingeste fee n the igestive system in poultry. J. Appl. Poult. Res., : Befor, M.R. n H.L. Clssen., 99. Reutions of intestinl visosity through mnipultion of ietry rye n pentosnse onentrtion is ffete through hnges in rohyrte omposition of the intestinl queous phse n results in improve growth rte n fee onversion effiieny of roiler hiks. J. Nutr., : Befor, M.R. n H. Shulze., 998. Exogenous enzymes for pigs n poultry. Nutr. Res. Rev., : 9-. Beneljelil, K. n M.I. Aroui, 99. Effets of enzyme supplementtion of rley se iets on hen performne n egg qulity. Anim. Fee Si. Teh., 8: -. Crpenter, K.J. n K.M. Clegg, 96. The metolizle energy of poultry feestuffs in reltion to their hemil omposition. J. Si. Foo Agri., 7: -. Cherry, J.A. n D.E. Jones, 98. Dietry ellulose whet rn n fish mel in reltion to hepti lipi, serum lipi n lipi exretion in lying hens. Poult. Si., pp: Chot, M., 00. Enzymes for the fee inustry. Pst, present n future. XXII Worl s Poult. Cong. 8- June, Istnul. Turkey. Chot, M., R.J. Hughes, J. Wng; M.R. Befor, A.J. Morgn n G. Annison, 99. Fee enzymes eliminte the nti-nutritive effet of non-strh polyshries n moify fermenttion in roilers. Proeeings of the Aust. Poult. Si. Symposium, 7: -. Cown, W.D., 99. Unerstning the mnufturing, istriution, pplition n overll qulity of enzymes in poultry fees. J. Appl. Poult. Res., : Cown, M.M., 999. Plnt prouts s ntimiroil gents. Clinil Miroiology Review, Vol., No., 6-8. Czrnoki, J., I.R. Sil n E.V. Evns, 96. The etermintion of hromi oxie in smples of fee n exret y i igestion n spetrophotometry. Dunn, D.B., 9. The multiple rnge n F-tests. Biometris, : -. El-Bogy, A.H., 99. Dte stone mel s n ingreient in lying Quil fee. Egypt. Poult. Si., : -67. El-Bori, M. n H. El-Bori, 988. Antomy n Physiology of Humn. Egyptin Anglo Bookshop, Ciro, pp: 96. El-Boushy, A.R.Y. n A.F.B. Vnerpoel, 99. Poultry fee from wste, proessing n use. Deprtment of Animl Nutrition, Wgeningen Agriulturl University, the Netherlns. Pulishe y Chpm Hll, -6 Bounry Row, Lonon SEI 8 HN, UK., pp: El-Deek, A.A., Y.A. Atti n Aml A. Solimn, 00. Proutive response of roiler reeer hens when fe prtil or vegetle iets ontining high levels of rley, sunflower mel or rley n sunflower mel without or with enzyme mixture supplementtion. - rley n un-ehulle sunflower mel. Mnsour Univ. J. Agri. Si., 8: -7. El-Full, Ensf, A., N.E.A. Asker, M.M.M. Ali, Hl M. Ael - Whe n E.M. Omr, 000. The use of rie rn in roiler n lyer iets with referene to enzyme supplementtion. Egypt. Poult. Si., 0: 7-. Fisher, H. n G.A. Leveille, 97. Oservtion on the holesterol, linolei n linoleni i ontent of eggs s influene y ietry fts. J. Nutr., 6:

10 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Gri, M.I., M.J. Arnir, R. Lzro, P. Meel n G.G. Perez, J.F., A.G. Gernt n J.G. Murillo, 000. The effet Mteos, 00. "- mylse supplementtion of of ifferent levels of plm kernel mel in lyer iets. roiler iets se on orn. Poult. Si., 8: 6-. Poult. Si., 79: Hmm, A., 996. Stuy on plm te stones in roiler Pisrski, R. K. n S. Woziks, 99. The effetiveness feeing. M. S. Thesis, F. Agri. Al-Azhr Univ., of pentosnse in reltion to the omposition n Ciro, Egypt. onentrtion for roiler hikens. Annles Ht, N.A., S.A. Irhim, A.L. El - Fhm n M.A. El- universittis Mrie Curie- Skloowsk Setion EE Sheikh, 99. Utiliztion of the enzyme preprtion Zooeni, : Int. Poult. Ast., 997, : kemzyme in lyer rtions, The n Sientifi Conf. 67. on Poultry, Septemer 99, Kfr El-Sheikh, Egypt., Poultry Interntionl, 996. Fee enzymes for lyers n pp: -8. reeers. Poult. Int., : Hesselmn, K. n P. Amn, 986. The effet of $- Rwn, M.S.M., N.A. Ht, A.I. El-Fhm n S.A. glunse supplementtion to rely se iet for Irhim, 997. Using te stone mel in grower roiler. Ph.D. Swe. Univ. Agri. Si. Uppsl, hiks n lyer iets. Egyptin J. Nutr. n Fee : Sween. -. Jkosen, P.E., S.G. Kirston n H. Nelson, 960. Rotter, B.A., R.R. Mrqurt, W. Guenter, C. Bilieris Digestiility trils with poultry. ertning frforsgs n C.W. Newmn, 989. In vitro visosity lortoriet, ugivet of strnts. Husyugsu Vly- mesurement of rley extrts s preitors of Ken hvn. growth responses in hiks fe rley-se iets Jmroz, D., J. Skorupinsk, J. Or, Wilizkie - Wiez n supplemente with fungl enzyme preprtion. L. Volker, 996. The effet of inrese Roxzyme-G Cnin J. Anim. Si., 69: -9. supplementtion in the roiler fe with tritile rih SAS, 00. Sttistil Anlysis System Proprietry mixture. Arhiv Fur Geflugekune, 60: 6-7. Softwre. Relese 9.. SAS Institute In., Cry, NC. Jroni, D., S.E. Sheieler, M.Bek n C. Wytt, 999. Swy, W.N., J.K. Khlil n W.J. Sfi, 98. Chemil The effet of ietry whet milings n enzyme omposition n nutritionl qulity of te sees. J. supplementtion.. Lte egg proution effiieny, Foo Si., 9: egg yiels n egg omposition in two strins of Shkmk, S., 00. Improvement of proutive leghorn hens. Poult. Si., 78: performne in poultry. M. S. thesis Mnsour Jumh, H.F., I.I. Al-Azzwi n S.A. Al-Hshimi, 97. University. Some nutritionl spets of feeing groun te Silversies, F.G., T.A. Sott, D.R. Korver, M. pits for roiler. Mrsopotmi J. Ari., 8: 9-. Afshrmnesh n M. Hruy, 006. A stuy on the Kmel, B.S., M.F. Di, M.A. Iliu n A.J. Slmn, 98. intertion of xylnse n phytse enzymes in Nutritionl vlue of the whole tes n te pits in whet-se iets fe to ommeril white n roiler rtions. Poult. Si., 60: rown egg lying hens. Poult. Si., 8: Mhmou, M.B.M., 00. Improving the utiliztion of te Sissons, J.W., 989. Potentil of proioti orgnisms to stone s untritionl feestuff in poultry iet. Ph.D. prevent irrhe n promote igestion in frm thesis, Fulty of Agriulture (S Bsh), nimls: A Rev. J. Foo n Agri. Si., 9: -. Alexnri University. Solimn, M.H., 996. Use of te stone mel in roiler Mrh, B.E., 979. The host n its miroflor: An hiken iets. Egypt. Poult. Si., 6: eologil unit. J. Anim.Si., 9: Stlemn, W.J., 977. Qulity ientifition of shell egg. Mthlouthi, N., H. Juin n M. Lrier, 00. Effet of In: Egg Siene n tehnology. n En. By W.J. xylnse n ß-gluonse supplementtion of Stlemn n O.J. Cotterill Pu. By AVI pulishing whet or whet n rely-se iets on the ompny In. Connetiut, pp: 6. performne of mle turkeys. Br. Poult. Si., : 9- Vnepopuliere, J.M., Y. Al - Yousef n J.J. Lysons, Dtes n te pits s ingreients in roiler Ministry of Agriulture n Wter, 000. Deprtment of strting n Coturnix Quil reeer iets. Poult. Si., eonomil stuies n sttitis. 7: -. Nji, H.A., Y.M. Al - Yousef n M. Homein, 99. Vuki Vrnjes, M. n C. Wenk, 99. Influene of ietry Use of tes s energy soure in the lyer rtions. enzyme omplex on the performne of roilers fe J. Appl. Anim. Res., 6: on iets with n without ntiioti Ntionl Reserh Counil, 99. Nutrient supplementtion. Br. Poult. Si., 6: 6-7. Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. En. Ntionl Wng, Z.R., S.Y. Qio, W.Q. Lu n D.F. Li., 00. Effets Aemy Press, Wshington, DC. of enzyme supplementtion on performne, Onwuikee, O.C., 986. Plm kernel mel s fee for nutrient igestiility, gstrointestinl morphology poultry. Composition of plm kernel n n voltile ftty i profiles in the hingut of vilility of its mino is to hiks. Anim. Fee roilers fe whet-se iets. Poult. Si., 8: 87- Si. Tehnology, 6:

11 Deek et l.: Use of Enzymes to Supplement Diets Contining Dte Wste Mel for Lohmnn White Lyers Well. R.G., 968. The mesurement of ertin egg Yeong, S.W., T.K. Mukherjee n R.I. Hutglung, 98. qulity. A stuy of the hens egg. T.C. Crter (E.). The nutritive vlue of plm kernel ke s fee Pulishe y Oliver n Boy Einrugh, pp: 0, stuff for poultry. Proeeings of Nutritionl 6 n -6. Workshop on Oil Plm By - Prouts Utiliztion. Wytt, C.L. n T. Goomn, 99. Utiliztion of fee Kullumpur, Mlysi, pp: enzymes in lying hen rtions. J. App. Poult. Res., Yu, B., J.C. Hsu n P.W.S. Chiou, 997. Effets of _- :68-7. Ykout, H.M., M.M. Shehtt, M.E. Omr n E.H. El - glunse supplementtion of rley iets in Gnzory, 00. The effet of energy levels on the growth performne of roilers. Anim. Fee Si. response of lol lying hens to enzyme Tehnol., 70: -6. supplemente iets. Egypt. Poult. Si., :