Tayfa Ahmed, Shanur Jahedul Hasan, Md. Robiul Awal Hossain, Istiaque Haidar, A.K.M. Shafiqul Alam Rubel and Mehedi Hasan Pramanik

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1 World Journl of Fish nd Mrine Sienes 6 (5): , 2014 ISSN IDOSI Pulitions, 2014 DOI: /idosi.wjfms Assessment on Impt of Dietry Proioti Supplementtion on Growth Indies of Mono-Sex Tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) Cge Culture t Dkti River, Chndpur, Bngldesh Tyf Ahmed, Shnur Jhedul Hsn, Md. Roiul Awl Hossin, Istique Hidr, A.K.M. Shfiqul Alm Ruel nd Mehedi Hsn Prmnik Bngldesh Fisheries Reserh Institute, Riverine Sttion, Chndpur, Bngldesh Astrt: This study ws rried out in experimentl ges in the Dkti River, loted out 3 km southest of the Bngldesh Fisheries Reserh Institute (BFRI), Riverine Sttion (RS), Chndpur mpus, to evlute the effet of dietry proioti supplementtion on growth performne nd survivl of mle mono-sex Tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) during April 2013 to August A ommeril proioti nmed Biotis used t the rte of 2 nd 3 g/kg feed for tretments 2 nd 3 respetively with no proioti for tretment 1. Nine net ges were divided into three tretments eh hving three replites. Averge stoking weight ws 33.66±6.23g nd 3 stoking density ws 50/m in eh ge. Finl weight in proioti treted ges (T-2 nd T-3) ws signifintly (P<0.05) higher thn ontrol (T-1). Finl weight gin, Averge Dily Gin (ADG) nd prodution per ge were the highest in T-2, ±13.69, 1.98±0.11 nd ±27.41 kg respetively nd found to e signifintly different from oth T-1 nd T-3. FCR ws the est in T-2 (1.11±0.047) nd signifintly different from T-1 ut not from T-3. The highest Survivl rte ws found in T-2 tht ws signifintly different from oth T-1 ut not from T-3. Key words: Proioti Supplementtion Oreohromis nilotius Growth Indies Survivl Net Cge Dkti River INTRODUCTION vrious hyrids re the predominnt ulture speies worldwide. Among the vrious types of ulture prties Tilpi, euse of their enormous dptility to of tilpi, ge ulture is reently found to e very wide rnge of physil nd environmentl onditions, ommon worldwide. ility to reprodue in ptivity, reltive resistne to In Bngldesh, the Bngldesh Fisheries hndling stress nd disese-using gents ompred to Development Corportion (BFDC) ws the pioneer in other ultured finfish speies, good flesh qulity, feed on experimentl ge ulture of Nile tilpi in Kpti low trophi level nd exellent growth rte on wide Lke, Rngmti in the 1980s. However, no prodution vriety of nturl nd rtifiil diets, re the most dt is ville. Susequently CARE, Bngldesh undntly ultured speies worldwide. They re onduted grow-out trils of Bngldesh Fisheries presently ultured in virtully ll types of prodution Reserh Institute (BFRI) Super GIFT strin in ges systems, in oth fresh nd slt wter nd in tropil, in the Meghn River lgoon re ner Munshignj sutropil nd temperte limtes [1]. They re the in 1990s. CARE lso implemented CAGES projet for seond most ultured freshwter fish in the world (After more thn 5 yers with limited suess s potentil rps). However, they re inresingly reognized s the livelihood options in different sites in Bngldesh. speies of hoie for intensive quulture nd re likely Reently, ge ulture of mono-sex tilpi is eing to eome the most importnt ultured fish in the world prtied suessfully in Dkti River of Chndpur [2]. Severl speies of tilpi re eing ultured distrit nd in some hnnels of the Meghn River in ommerilly, ut Nile tilpi, Oreohromis nilotius nd Lxmipur distrit. Corresponding Author: Shnur Jhedul Hsn, Bngldesh Fisheries Reserh Institute, Riverine Sttion, Chndpur, Bngldesh. Tel: , Fx:

2 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 A mjor prolem ssoited with ge ulture indite tht non-vile miroil omponents t in opertions in the forementioned res of Bngldesh is enefiil mnner nd this enefit is not limited just to the the inresed suseptiility of fish to infetious diseses. intestinl region [10]. Multiple wys exist in whih This prolem found to e very muh serious over the lst proiotis ould e enefiil nd these ould t either ouple of yers whih used huge losses for the ge s singly or omintion with severl proiotis. These ulture frmers of the region. Trditionlly, ntiiotis nd inlude: inhiition of pthogen vi prodution of hemils hve een used to tret diseses in quti ntgonisti ompounds, ltertion of enzymti tivity nimls [3]. However; the use of ntiiotis to ure of pthogens nd nutritionl enefits suh s improving teril infetion nd prevent fish mortlity in feed digestiility nd feed utiliztion [11-13]. The present quulture is eoming limited s pthogens develop study is n endevor to find out the effet of dietry resistne to the drugs [4, 5]. Further, enefiil teril proiotis on growth performne, feed utiliztion flor re killed or inhiited y orlly dministered effiieny nd survivl of ge rered mono-sex tilpi. ntiiotis. As result the use of ntiiotis in niml prodution, inluding quulture, is inresingly under Methodology puli srutiny nd ritiism in most developed ountries. Rering Conditions nd Experimentl Design: The Consequently, there hve een onsiderle interests in experiment ws rried out in Dkti River, Chndpur reent yers to evlute the fesiility of using non- Sdr, Bngldesh. Nine net ges were instlled in nutrient dietry dditives, prtiulrly proiotis whih suitle ple ner the nk of Dkti River, loted re live miroil feed, enefiilly ffets the host out 3 km southest of the Bngldesh Fisheries niml y improving its intestinl lne s supplements Reserh Institute (BFRI), Riverine Sttion (RS), to improve growth [6, 7] nd in some ses s men of Chndpur mpus (Fig. 1). Sizes of net ges were repling ntimiroil ompounds [8]. On the other hnd m eh, mde of plsti net (Mesh size 2.5m) nd knottheir effetiveness to mitigte the effets of stress, less polyethylene net (Mesh size 1.1 m). Frmes of the resulting in greter prodution [9]. Current proioti ges were mde y GI pipe nd were floted y mens of pplitions nd sientifi dt on mehnisms of tion 250 liters size plsti drums. Fig. 1: Lotion of experimentl ges (Soure: Bnglpedi) 442

3 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 Tle 1: Proximte omposition of different types of Ruposhi Bngl feeds Feed type Protein (Min %) Ft (Min %) Fier (Mx %) Ash (Mx %) Moisture (Mx %) Pellet size (mm) Strter Grower Finisher Tle 2: Feeding strtegy for different types of feeds Culture period Types of supplied feed Feeding frequeny Feed rte (% of ody weight) 1-30 dys Strter 2 times dys Grower 2 times dys Grower 2 times dys finisher 2 times 2 Tle 3: Composition of per kg Biotis Ingredients Quntity Shromyes erevisie (Min) CFU Ltoillus idophilus CFU Billus sutilis CFU Aspergillus oryze CFU mylse 3042 IU Protese IU Cellulse 500 IU Lipse 870 IU Bet-glunse 1957 IU Xylnre 739 IU SiO2 25% Al2O3 4% CO 1% N2O 0.025% MgO 0.5% Fe2O3 0.5% Eh ge ws overed t the top y nother piee of tire ord net (7-7.5m mesh size) to prevent esping of fish nd predtion y ird. The whole struture ws fixed with moo rft nd tied with nhors t oth side y nylon rope to filitte esy floting of ges depending on wter level. Nine net ges were divided into three tretments eh hving three replitions. Mono-sex (All mle) tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) hving n verge weight of 33.66±6.23g were stoked 3 t density of 50/m in eh ge nd rered for 120 dys. Feeding nd Proioti Supplement Preprtion: Prior stoking in experimentl ges tilpi fries were nursed for 45 dys in nursery pond t BFRI, RS mpus. The Mono-sex (All mle) tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) fries were purhsed from hthery of CP Bngldesh Co. Ltd. renowned multintionl ompny. Commeril floting feed nmed Ruposhi Bngl ws used for the experiment. The proximte ompositions of different types of Ruposhi Bngl feed re given in Tle 1 nd feeding strtegy is showed in Tle 3. A ommeril proioti nmed Biotis mnuftured y Anov Phrm Joint Stok Compny, long An Provine, Vietnm ws used for the experiment nd its omposition is given in Tle 3. Prior pplying feed to the ges, the proioti ws mixed well with the feed t rte of 2 g/kg feed for tretment 2 nd 3 g/kg feed for tretment 3. In se of tretment 1 no proioti ws pplied. For mixing the proioti with the feed, firstly the powder formed proioti ws diluted in wter. Then the proioti ontining wter ws splshed over the feed stk s it ould e mixed uniformly with the whole feed stk (Tle 4). Finlly the proioti mixed feed stk ws kept in dry nd sun lighted ple for hlf n hour to eome dried. Determintion of Growth Indies nd Wter Qulity: Smpling ws done t every 15 dys intervl y using soop net to oserve the growth of tilpi. During eh smpling fifty individuls were olleted from eh ge nd weight of eh tilpi ws mesured in nerest gm y using digitl preision lne to ssess differentil growth of mono-sex tilpi. The smpled fishes were hndled very refully to void hndling stress. Inditors of growth inlude Weight gin, Averge dily gin (ADG), SGR (% per dy), FCR nd survivl rte were expressed s following: 443

4 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 Weight gin=men finl weight- Men initil weight RESULTS Men finl weight-men initil weight Wter qulity prmeters of the re djent to the ADG = experimentl ges did not show ny devition from Durtion of ulture in dys eptle limit throughout the ulture period shown in Tle 4. The growth rte of mono-sex (All mle) tilpi fed 100 (lnw2- lnw 1) with different levels of proiotis treted feed were SGR (%/dy) = reorded 15 dys intervl nd the results hve een Durtion of ulture in dys presented in the Tle 5. For the evlution of growth indies of fish in different tretments suh s weight Here, W2 = Men finl weight nd W1= Men initil gin, verge dily gin, speifi growth rte (SGR % per weight dy), food onversion rtio (FCR), survivl (%) nd prodution (kg/ge) were lulted nd re shown in Totl feed fed Tle 6. Food onversion Rtio (FCR) = In this study, there were no signifint differenes Totl weight gin (P<0.05) in initil men weight 33.66±6.23gm mong tretments (Tle 1). Finl weight in proioti treted 100 (No. of individul survived) ges (Cges elong to T-2 nd T-3) ws signifintly Survivl Rte (%) = (P<0.05) higher thn ontrol (T-1). Averge weight ws No. of individul survived reorded higher in fish fed with proioti supplement. Weight gin ws found to e highest (Tle 5) in T-3 Wter qulity dt viz. Temperture, ph, Dissolved whih ws signifintly different from oth T-1 nd T-3. Oxygen (DO), CO 2, Alklinity, Hrdness nd Ammoni of In se of ADG the result ws s sme s weight gin the ulture re in the Dkti River were tken t monthly (Tle 5). SGR ws signifintly higher in T-2 thn tht of intervl during the study period. Wter qulity smpling T-1 nd T-3. FCR ws the est in T-2 nd signifintly ws done ording to APHA [14] methods. different from T-1 ut not from T-3 (Tle 5). Survivl rte One wy nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) ws nd prodution per ge ws lso highest in T-2 nd in performed to test the signifine of differene mong the se of prodution per ge it ws signifintly different tretment mens y using SPSS softwre pkge. from oth T-1 nd T-3. Tle 4: Wter qulity prmeters of the re djent to the experimentl ges Dissolved O 2(mg/l) Free CO 2(mg/l) ph NH 3(mg/l) Totl lklinity Totl hrdness BOD (B) (mg/l) BOD (N) (mg/l) 7.29±1.04( ) 3.18±0.79( ) 8.25±0.35( ) 0.10±0.14(0-0.14) ±16.23( ) ±21.51( ) 5.85±2.50( ) 7.69±1.62 Tle 6: Growth indies of Mono-sex tilpi oserved in different tretments Tretments Growth prmeters T-1 T-2 T-3 Men initil weight(gm) 33.66± ± ±6.23 Men finl weight(gm) ± ± ±6.35 Weight gin(gm) ± ± ±6.35 Averge dily gin (ADG) (gm) 1.45± ± ±0.05 Speifi Growth Rte (SGR) (% per dy) 1.52± ± ±0.021 Food onversion Rtio (FCR) 1.41± ± ±0.12 Survivl rte (%) 95.76± ± ±0.40 Prodution (kg/ge) ± ± ±12.65 Letters with different supersripts t the sme row differ signifintly y P<0.05 y mens seprtion using the Turkey test. 444

5 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , 2014 DISCUSSION speifi reommendtions on the effets of dietry proiotis on growth performne of ge rered tilpi, Numerous trils were onduted with miroorgnisms so tht the studies vry widely with regrd to fish ge nd s proiotis to improve ultivility of food speies nd size, stoking density, diet omposition, dietry proiont to improve humn helth nd welfre. Approprite onentrtion, feed llownes, feeding durtion nd of proiotis pplitions were shown to improve intestinl ourse, type nd soure of proiont [1]. The stimultory miroil lne, thus leding to improve food effet of dietry proiotis immune prmeters nd sorption [7, 15]. Aording to the results of this study, resistne of tilpi to infetious pthogens need further the tilpi fishes rered in the ges fed with ommeril investigtions. proioti supplemented feed, showed improved growth rte. This my e ttriuted to tivity of Proiotis tht CONCLUSION improve digestion y stimulting prodution of digestive enzymes or through other ltertions in the gut The pplition of proiotis in quulture ponds environment [1]. The gut miroil popultion is lso ppers right. There is n over-inresing demnd for importnt to the nutrition of fish y inresing nutrient quulture prodution nd similr inrese in the uptke nd filitting utiliztion of enzymes, mino ids, serh for lterntive to ntiiotis, the pplition of short-hin ftty ids, vitmins nd improved digestion proiotis intended for ulture systems is now ttrting [1, 16, 17]. onsiderle ttention nd numer of ommeril The men finl ody weight, ADG nd SGR were produts re ville, prtiulrly direted t the ulture inresed mong O. nilotius with proiotis pplition orgnisms. Krishn et l. [24] explined tht the use of tretments ompred with proioti free tretment. So we proiotis in iologil systems in detils nd they give might ssume to e onsidered s growth detils report on sustinle quulture mngement. In promoter/enhner in fish quulture. These results the present study ll of the growth prmeters were showed resemlnes with Rd et l. [18] nd Mohmed signifintly higher in ges with proioti treted feed et l. [19] whih were reported tht the proiotis treted thn ontrol ges. The improved survivl nd growth group of O. nilotius nd O. mossmius fingerling prmeters in tretments over ontrols strongly suggests rered in onrete tnks exhiited enhned growth rte. tht dding the proiotis during the ge ulture nd Survivl of O. nilotius nd O. mossmius ws ontinuing its dministrtion throughout the frming signifintly greter in proioti treted groups thn tht stges ould e noteworthy prtie to mximize of the ontrol group survivl nd growth in ge ulture system. Though there The ommeril proioti used in this experiment is puity of study on effet of proiotis on ge ontins signifint portion of Shromyes erevisie quulture the generl onlusion otined from the tht is likely to e onstituent, ontriuting to the present study is tht the proiotis plys vitl role in exhiition of improved growth nd FCR for the fishes fed survivl nd disese resistne of the ge rered fish with proioti treted feed. Similrly [20] reported tht speies like tilpi. weight gin nd speifi growth rte of tilpi inresed signifintly (P<0.05) with the inrese in dietry yest (S. REFERENCES erevisie) levels. Fish fed the diet ontining S. erevisie exhiited the gretest inrese in growth 1. Welker, T.L. nd C. Lim, Use of proiotis in performne, whih ws ttriuted to signifintly higher diets of tilpi. Journl of Aquulture Reserh nd tivity of lkline phosphtse [21, 22]. Lr-Flores et l. Development. S1:014. doi: / s1-014 [23] reveled tht S. erevisie supplementtion produed 2. Lim, C. nd C.D. Wester, Tilpi iology, signifintly higher weight gin nd feed utiliztion ulture nd nutrition. The Hworth Press, In., effiieny in tilpi. Binghmton, NY. The results of the present study indited lerly tht 3. Fitzsimmons, K., Prospet nd potentil for the ge under T-2 (2.0 g proioti/kg feed) showed glol prodution, pp: in C. Lim nd enhned growth performne s mesured y finl C.D. Wester, Editors. Tilpi: Biology, Culture nd weight, SGR nd feed utiliztion of tilpi. Nevertheless, Nutrition. The Hworth Press, In., Binghmton, It is diffiult to drw onrete onlusions nd provide New York. 445

6 World J. Fish & Mrine Si., 6 (5): , Gonzlez, C.J., J.P. Enins, M.L. Gri-Lopez nd 18. Rd, M.A., M. Zkeri, V. Yvri nd S.M. Mosvi, A. Otero, Chrteriztion nd identifition Effet of Different Levels of Dietry of lti id teri from freshwter fishes. Supplementtion of Shromyes erevisie on Food Miroiol., 17: Growth Performne, Feed Utiliztion nd Body 5. Gomez-Gil, B., A. Rogue nd J.F. Turnull, Biohemil Composition of Nile Tilpi The use nd seletion of quti orgnisms. (Oreohromis nilotius) Fingerlings. World Journl Aquulture, 191: of Fish nd Mrine Sienes, 5(1): FAO, (Food nd Agriulture Orgniztion of DOI: /idosi.wjfms the United Ntions) Antiiotis residue in 19. Mohmed, A.H., F.M. Triflgr Rex nd E. Serrno quulture produts. Pges in The Stte of Augusto Jr, Assessment of Proioti World Fisheries nd Aquulture, Rome, Itly. Applition on Nturl Food, Wter Qulity 7. Fuller, R., Proiotis in mn nd nimls. nd Growth Performne of Sline Tilpi The Journl of Applied Bteriology, 66(5): Oreohromis mossmius L. Cultured in Conrete 8. Kesrodi-Wtson, A., H. Kspr, M.J. Ltegn nd Tnks. Fisheries nd Aquulture Journl, 2013: L. Gison, Proiotis in quulture: The need, FAJ priniples nd mehnisms of tion nd sreening 20. Adel-Tww, M.Y., A.E. Khtt, M.H. Ahmd proesses. Aquulture, 274: nd A.M.E. Shly, Compenstory growth, 9. Morirty, D.J.W., The role of miroorgnisms in feed utiliztion, whole ody omposition nd quulture ponds. Aquulture, 151: hemtologil hnges in strved juvenile Nile tilpi, 10. Ghzlh, A.A., H.M. Ali, E.A. Gehd, Oreohromis nilotius (L.). Journl of Applied Y.A. Hmmoud nd H.A. Ao-Stte, Effet of Aquulture, 18: proiotis on performne nd nutrients digestiility 21. Gwlik, A., B. Prent, M.H. Horn, N. Ross of Nile tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius) fed low protein nd I. Opstd, Ativity of digestive enzymes diets. Nture nd Siene, 8(5): in yolk s lrve of Atlnti hliut 11. Slminen, S., A. Ouwehnd, Y. Benno nd Y.K. Lee, (Hippoglossus hippoglossus): Indition of rediness Proiotis: how should they e defined. Trends for first feeding. Aquulture, 184: in Food Siene nd Tehnology, 10: Germn, D.P., M.H. Horn nd A. Gwlik, 12. Fooks, L.J., R. Fuller nd G.R. Gison, Digestive enzyme tivities in herivorous Preiotis, proiotis nd humn gut miroiology. nd rnivorous prikle k fishes Interntionl Diry Journl, 9: (Teleostei: Stiheide): Ontogeneti, Dietry nd 13. Gtesoupe, F.J., 1999 The use of proiotis in Phylogeneti Effets. Physiologil nd Biohemil quulture. Aquulture, 180: Zoology, 77: APHA, Stndrd Methods for the 23. Lr-Flores, M.L. Oliver-Cstillo nd th Exmintion of Wter nd Wstewter. 16 Edition. M.A. Olver-Novo, Effet of the Amerin Puli Helth Assoition, New York. inlusion of teril mix (Streptoous feium 15. Prker, R.B., Proiotis, the other hlf of the nd Ltoillus idophilus) nd the ntiioti story. Animl Nutrition nd Helth, 29: 4-8. yest (Shromyes erevisie) on growth, 16. Merrifield, D.L., A. Dimitroglou, A. Foey, S.J. Dvies feed utiliztion nd intestinl enzymti tivity of nd R.T.M. Bker, The urrent sttus nd future Nile tilpi (Oreohromis nilotius). Interntionl fous of proioti nd preioti pplitions for Journl of Fish Aquulture, 2: slmonids. Aquulture, 302: Krishn, P.V., K. Mdhusudhn Ro nd 17. Nyk, S.K., Role of gstrointestinl miroiot S.V. Shrm, Affet of proiotis on the growth in fish. Aquulture Reserh, 41: nd survivl of tiger prwn Peneus monodon on rkish wter ponds ner Replle, Guntur distrit, Andhr Prdesh. ANU J. of Nturl Sienes, 2(2):