ISSN (print) ISSN X (online) Volume 9, Number 3 September 2017

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1 ISSN (print) ISSN X (online) Volume 9, Numer 3 Septemer

2 Eitor-in-Chief Georgi Petkov Fulty of Agriulture Trki University, Str Zgor Bulgri E-mil: Co-Eitor-in-Chief Dimitr Pnyotov Fulty of Agriulture Trki University, Str Zgor Bulgri Eitors n Setions Genetis n Breeing Tsnko Ylnski (Bulgri) Atns Atnsov (Bulgri) Svetln Georgiev (Bulgri) Nikoly Tsenov (Bulgri) Mx Rothshil (USA) Ihsn Soysl (Turkey) Hori Grosu (Romni) Stoiho Metoiev (Bulgri) Bojin Bojinov (Bulgri) Nutrition n Physiology Nikoli Toorov (Bulgri) Peter Suri (UK) Ivn Vrlykov (Bulgri) George Zervs (Greee) Vsil Pirgozliev (UK) Proution Systems Roslv Slvov (Bulgri) Dimitr Pvlov (Bulgri) Bogn Szostk (Poln) Bnko Bnev (Bulgri) Georgy Zhelyzkov (Bulgri) Agriulture n Environment Mrtin Bnov (Bulgri) Peter Cornish (Austrli) Vlislv Popov (Bulgri) Trek Mouss (Egypt) Prout Qulity n Sfety Stefn Denev (Bulgri) Vsil Atnsov (Bulgri) Roumin Tsenkov (Jpn) English Eitor Ynk Ivnov (Bulgri) Sope n poliy of the journl Agriulturl Siene n Tehnology /AST/ n Interntionl Sientifi Journl of Agriulturl n Tehnology Sienes is pulishe in English in one volume of 4 issues per yer, s printe journl n in eletroni form. The poliy of the journl is to pulish originl ppers, reviews n short ommunitions overing the spets of griulture relte with life sienes n moern tehnologies. It will offer opportunities to ress the glol nees relting to foo n environment, helth, exploit the tehnology to provie innovtive prouts n sustinle evelopment. Ppers will e onsiere in spets of oth funmentl n pplie siene in the res of Genetis n Breeing, Nutrition n Physiology, Proution Systems, Agriulture n Environment n Prout Qulity n Sfety. Other tegories losely relte to the ove topis oul e onsiere y the eitors. The etile informtion of the journl is ville t the wesite. Proeeings of sientifi meetings n onferene reports will e onsiere for speil issues. Sumission of Mnusripts There re no sumission / hnling / pulition hrges. All mnusripts written in English shoul e sumitte s MS-Wor file tthments vi e-mil to eitoffie@grisiteh.eu. Mnusripts must e prepre stritly in orne with the etile instrutions for uthors t the wesite n the instrutions on the lst pge of the journl. For eh mnusript the signtures of ll uthors re neee onfirming their onsent to pulish it n to nominte on uthor for orresponene. They hve to e presente y sumission letter signe y ll uthors. The form of the sumission letter is ville upon from request from the Tehnil Assistne or oul e ownloe from the wesite of the journl. Mnusripts sumitte to this journl re onsiere if they hve sumitte only to it, they hve not een pulishe lrey, nor re they uner onsiertion for pulition in press elsewhere. All mnusripts re sujet to eitoril review n the eitors reserve the right to improve style n return the pper for rewriting to the uthors, if neessry. The eitoril or reserves rights to rejet mnusripts se on priorities n spe vilility in the journl. The journl is ommitte to respet high stnrs of ethis in the eiting n reviewing proess n mlprtie sttement. Commitments of uthors relte to uthorship re lso very importnt for high stnr of ethis n pulishing. We follow losely the Committee on Pulition Ethis (COPE), elines The rtiles ppering in this journl re inexe n strte in: DOI, EBSCO Pulishing In., AGRIS (FAO) n DOAJ. The journl is epte to e inexe with the support of projet BG051PO Siene n usiness finne y Opertionl Progrmme Humn Resoures Development of EU. The title hs een suggeste to e inlue in SCOPUS (Elsevier) n Eletroni Journls Sumission Form (Thomson Reuters). The journl is freely ville without hrge to the user or his/her institution. Users n re, ownlo, opy, istriute, print, serh, or link to the full texts of the rtiles, or use them for ny other lwful purpose, without sking prior permission from the pulisher or the uthor. This issue is printe with the finnil support y Contrt No DNP 05-21/ , finne from Fun 'Sientifi Reserh' grnt Bulgrin sientifi Perioils. Aress of Eitoril offie: Agriulturl Siene n Tehnology Fulty of Agriulture, Trki University Stuent's mpus, 6000 Str Zgor Bulgri Telephone: Tehnil Assistne: Nely Tsvetnov Telephone: E-mil: eitoffie@grisiteh.eu

3 ISSN (print) ISSN X (online) Volume 9, Numer 3 Septemer

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 9, No 3, pp , 2017 DOI: 1547/st Hemtologil n serum iohemil inies of roiler hikens fe rw sikle po (Senn otusifoli) see mel C. Augustine *, I.D. Kwri., J.U. Igweuike, S.B. Amu 1 Deprtment of Animl Proution, Fulty of Agriulture, Amw Stte University, Mui, Amw Stte, Nigeri 2 Deprtment of Animl Siene, Fulty of Agriulture, University of Miuguri, Borno Stte, Nigeri (Mnusript reeive 12 April 2017; epte for pulition 20 June 2017) Astrt. A feeing tril ws onute for sixty three (63) ys (9 weeks) to evlute the effets of feeing rw Senn otusifoli see mel (RSOSM) on hemtologil inies n serum iohemil prmeters of roiler hikens. Six experimentl iets were ompoune for oth the strter (23% rue protein - CP) n finisher (20% CP) phses of growth. The iets were formulte to ontin 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 n 25% level of rw Senn otusifoli see mel repling roste soy en weight for weight in T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4, T 5 n T 6, respetively. The 0% replement level (T1) serve s the ontrol iet. The roiler 2 hikens were mnge on eep litter pens of 30 irs/2.22 m, weighe n rnomly llotte to the six (6) ietry tretments in rnomize omplete lok esign (RCBD). Eh tretment group onsiste of thirty (30) roiler hiks replite three times with ten (10) roiler hiks per replite. Bloo smples were ollete from the wing vein t the en of the experiment using stnr proeure n were nlyse for hemtologil n iohemil profile. The outome of this stuy revele tht the hemtologil inies were not signifintly (P>0.05) ffete y the ietry tretments. However, the loo hemistry ws signifintly (P<0.05) ffete y the experimentl iets. The totl protein, lumin, gloulin, n some eletrolytes omponents were oserve to e signifintly (P<0.05) epresse s the level of RSOSM inrese in the experimentl iets. For instne, totl protein ws oserve to reue from 6.24g/l in T1 to 3.6g/l in T6. Eletrolyte onstituents suh s lium were similrly oserve to reue from 6.01 mmol/l in T1 to 1.15 mmol/l in T6. The serum enzymes n iliruin were elevte s the level of RSOSM inreses in the experimentl iets. Asprtte mino trnsferse (AST) for instne inrese from 8.27U/l in T1 to U/l in T6. It n e onlue tht inorportion of RSOSM eyon 5% in the iets of roiler hikens hs verse effets on loo prmeters espeilly the iohemil prmeters. Keywors: rw Senn otusifoli, roiler loo onstituents, toxiity testing Introution The fee rises fing the Nigerin livestok inustry n e minimize y hrnessing the nutritionl potentil of wil legume sees tht re preominnt in Nigeri (Augustine et l., 2016). Fee whih hs lwys een mjor limiting ftor in the growth of the Nigerin poultry inustry ounts for over 70% totl ost of prouing poultry intensively (Ukhukwu n Osugwu, 2006). The use of little known non-onventionl fee resoures hve een enourge y severl workers (Muuike n Ogonny 2003; Okereke et l., 2006; Augustine, 2016). These fee resoures re uneru-terlize, less populr, hep n n e esily soure (Tuleun et l., 2011). One of suh uner-utilize legume see in Nigeri is Senn otusifoli sees. Senn otusifoli is pntropil wee tht elongs to the fmily Leguminose espinioiee. It is n eret ushy nnul shru tht grows up to 90 m tll n propgtes through see. The leves re oovte n the flowers re yellow in olour, 2-3 m ross n orne on peiels tht re m long (Akounun n Agykw, 1998). The hemil omposition of the sees s revele y Ingweye et l. (2010) n Ismil et l. (2011) inite tht they hve goo nutritionl properties (29.54 n 18.46% rue protein) ut lso ontin ntinutritionl ftors (tnnins mg/100g, phyttes mg/100g n oxlte mg/100g) whih my versely ffet loo onstituents n generl performne of hikens. Vlues for hemetologil n serum hemistry n e useful tool for interpreting toxiologil n sfety stuies Mry et l. (2008). At the * e-mil: uggi@gmil.om moment, se-line informtion onerning the effet of rw Senn otusifoli see mel on hemtologil n serum iohemil prmeters of roiler hikens is very snty, therefore more stuies re neee to rige suh informtion gp. Mteril n methos Stuy re The stuy ws onute t the Poultry Unit of the Deprtment of Animl Proution Livestok Tehing n Reserh Frm, Amw Stte University, Mui. The re is lote etween o ¹ o o ltitues 9 30 n 11 North of the equtor n longitues 13 n o ¹ Est of the Greenwih meriin. The temperture regime in Mui region is wrm to hot throughout the yer however, there is usully slight ol perio etween Novemer n Ferury. There is grul inrese in temperture from Jnury to April. The o minimum n mximum tempertures of the re re 18.1 C n o 32.8 C n the men nnul rinfll rnges from mm (Aeyo, 2004). Experimentl iets Six experimentl iets for oth the strter (23% CP) n finisher (20%CP) phses were formulte to ontin 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 n 25% of rw Senn otusifoli see mel esignte T, T, T,T, T n T respetively. The rw Senn otusifoli see mel reple 6, soyen mel weight for weight in the iets. The 0% replement 203

5 Tle 1: Ingreient omposition n lulte nlysis of the experimentl roiler strter iets Ingreient Mize Roste soy en Grounnut ke RSOSM Fish mel Mize offl Slt (NCl) Bone mel Methionine Lysine Premix* Totl Clulte nlysis ME energy (MJ/kg) Crue protein (%) Crue fire (%) Methionine (%) Lysine (%) Clium (%) Phosphorus (%) T1(0%) T2(5%) T3(10%) T4(15%) T5(20%) T6( 25%) Level of inlusion of RSOSM *2.5kg Vitmin Minerl Premix (Animl Cre) supplies the following: Vitmin 12,000,000 vit. D ,000, vit. E 30,000 mg, vit. K 3 2,500 mg, foli i 1,000 mg, niin 40,000, foli i, 1,000 mg, lpn, 10,000 mg vit. B mg, vit. B mg, vit. B 1 2,000 mg, vit. B 6 3,500 mg, iotin 80 mg n ntioxint 125,000 mg, olt 250 mg, selenium 250 mg, ioine 1,200 mg, iron 40,000 mg, mngnese 70,000mg, opper 8,000 mg, zin 60,000 mg, hlorie 200,000 mg. Metolizle energy (ME) lulte oring to the formul of Puzeng (1985) ME= 37 %CP + 81 % EE % NFE n RSOSM = Rw Senn otusifoli see mel Tle 2: Ingreient omposition n lulte nlysis of the experimentl roiler finisher iets Ingreient Mize Roste soy en Grounnut ke Fish mel Mize offl RSOSM Slt (NCl) Bone mel Methionine Lysine Premix* Totl Clulte nlysis ME energy (MJ/kg) Crue protein (%) Crue fire (%) Methionine (%) Lysine (%) Clium (%) Phosphorus (%) T1(0%) T2(5%) T3(10%) T4(15%) T5(20%) T6( 25%) Level of inlusion of RSOSM *2.5 kg Vitmin Minerl Premix (Animl Cre) supply the following: Vitmin 12,000,000 vit. D ,000, vit. E 30,000 mg vit. K 3 2,500 mg, foli i 1,000 mg, niin 40,000, foli i, 1,000 mg, lpn, 10,000 mg vit. B mg vit. B mg, vit. B 1 2,000 mg, vit. B 6 3,500 mg, iotin 80 mg n ntioxint 125,000 mg, olt 250 mg, selenium 250 mg, ioine 1,200 mg, iron 40,000 mg, mngnese 70,000mg, opper 8,000 mg zin 60,000 mg hlorie 200,000 mg. Metolizle energy (ME) lulte oring to the formul of Puzeng (1985) ME= 37 %CP + 81 % EE % NFE n RSOSM = Rw Senn otusifoli see mel 204

6 level (T1) serve s the ontrol iet. The ingreient n lulte hemil omposition of the experimentl iets re presente in Tles 1 n 2. Experimentl hikens n their mngement One hunre n eighty roiler (180) hiks were use for the experiment whih lste for sixty three (63) ys. The roiler 2 hikens were mnge on eep litter pens of 30 irs/2.22 m n were vinte ginst Gumoro (2 n 4 weeks of ge) n Newstle isese (3 n 5 weeks of ge). The experimentl roiler strter iet ws fe -liitum to the hiks for forty two (42) ys while the roiler finisher iet ws fe for the remining twenty one (21) ys, respetively. Clen rinking wter ws similrly supplie -liitum throughout the perio of the experiment. Experimentl esign The hiks were iniviully weighe n rnomly llotte to the six (6) ietry tretments in rnomize ompletely lok esign (RCBD) with pen lotion serving s the loking ftor. Eh tretment group onsiste of thirty (30) irs replite three times with ten (10) irs per replite. Colletion of loo smple n nlysis At the en of the experiment, three (3) irs were rnomly selete from eh replite pen for hemtologil n iohemil prmeters. Aout 7 ml of loo smples eh for hemtologil n iohemil nlysis ws ollete from the wing vein using sterile isposle neele n syringe. The loo smples for hemtologil ssy were ollete in ethylene imine tetr eti i (EDTA) trete tues. Bloo smples for iohemil nlysis, were ollete into EDTA free test tues n llowe to lot for serum seprtion. Serum ws seprte from the plsm y entrifugtion of the loo t 4000 rpm for 15 minutes n therefter quikly tken to the lortory for nlyses. The hemtology n loo hemistry nlyses were rrie out oring to the proeure of Ohei n Kolhtkr (2000). Erythroyti inies (men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion - MCHC), men orpusulr hemogloin (MCH) n men orpusulr volume - MCV) were lulte using the formule of Jin (1986) s follows: MCHC (%) = H(g/l) x100 PCV (%) H(g/l) x 10 MCH (f l) = 6 RBC ( x10 UL) MCV (pg) = PCV (%) x 10 RBC (million) Sttistil nlysis Dt otine were sujete to nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) of the rnomize omplete lok esign (RCBD) using Sttistix 9.0 (Sttistix, 2003). Lest Signifint Differene (LSD) ws use to seprte the tretment mens where signifint ifferenes our. Signifint ifferene ws onsiere t 95% level of onfiene. Results n isussion The hemtologil inies of roiler hikens fe rw Senn otusifoli see mel re presente in Tle 3. Inlusion levels of RSOSM up to 25% i not use signifint (P>0.05) hnge in the hemtologil prmeters. However, the pke ell volume (PCV), white loo ells (WBC) ount, hemogloin (H), men orpusulr volume (MCV), men orpusulr hemogloin MCH) n men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion (MCHC) otine in this stuy were lower thn the norml rnges of %, x10 /ml, fl, pg, n %, respetively reporte y Wikivet (2013). This oul e ue to the effets of the nti-nutritionl ftors whih might hve ffete the hemtologil inies of the roiler hikens. However, the re loo ell flls within the norml rnge x10 reporte y Wikivet (2013) for roiler hikens of similr ges. This n inition of etter pity to rry oxygen in the oy of the hikens (Ohei n Kolhtkr, 2000; Phillips n Best, 2004). Hemtologil n serum iohemil prmeters re goo initors of the physiologil n helth sttus of niml n its hnges re of vlue in ssessing the response of nimls to vrious physiologil situtions (Khn n Zfr, 2005). This orroortes the report of Oun et l. (2009) who revele the negtive effets of nti-nutritionl ftors present in rw Afzeli frin see mel on hemtologil prmeters of roiler strter hiks. However, the hemogloin vlues reore in this stuy were within the rnge of 5 to 7.67 g/l reporte y Oun et l. (2009) for roiler hikens of similr ge fe rw n toste Afzeli frin see mel, n Tle 3: Hemtologil inies of roiler hikens fe rw Senn otusifoli see mel Prmeters Pke ell volume (%) Hemogloin (g/l) 6 RBC (x10 /ml) 3 WBC (x10 /ml) MCV (fl) MCH (pg) MCHC (%) T1(0%) T2(5%) T3(10%) T4(15%) T5(20%) T6( 25%) SEM Level of inlusion of RSOSM = Not signifint; SEM = Stnr error of the mens, RBC = Re loo ells; WBC = Re loo ells MCV = Men Corpusulr Volume, MCH = Men orpusulr hemogloin, MCV = men orpusulr volume, MCH = men orpusulr hemogloin, MCHC = men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion, RSOSM = Rw Senn otusifoli see mel 205

7 lterntive legume see. The results of the iohemil inies of roiler hikens fe gre levels of RSOSM re presente in Tle 4. The results revele tht totl protein, lumin n gloulin were signifintly (P<0.05) influene y the ietry tretments. The vlues for these prmeters erese s the level of RSOSM inrese in the experimentl iets. The liner eline for these prmeters re initions of poor protein intke n utiliztion y the hikens. This is relte to inrese in the onentrtion of the nti-nutritionl ftors onsequently ffeting protein utiliztion. This fining is onsistent with the report of Emiol et l. (2013) who ttriute erese in serum protein of roiler hikens fe ehulle muun see mel to the inhiition of protein utiliztion y the nti-nutritionl ftors present in the see mel. Ekpenyong et l. (2012) further stresse tht the liver synthesizes protein n low levels oul reflet impire synthesis. Anorml serum lumin usully inites n ltertion of norml systemi protein utiliztion (Apt, 1990). However, the totl protein of roiler hikens fe 0 n 5% RSOSM were within the norml rnge g/l reporte y Wikivet (2013) for roiler hikens of similr ge while roiler hikens in the other tretment groups reore totl protein levels tht re slightly lower thn the norml rnge. This my e ttriute to the verse effets of nti-nutritionl ftors suh s tnnins, sponins, oxltes n phyttes. This is in greement with the finings of Akinmutimi n Onen (2008) who similrly fe roiler hikens with ym peel mel n reore lower vlues of totl protein, lumin n gloulin. Tnnins n totl free phenolis were reporte to erese igestiility of proteins, rohyrte n the vilility of vitmins n minerls (Liener, 1994). These ntinutritionl ftors lso erese the tivities of igestive enzymes n my use mge to the muos of igestive trt n reue the sorption of nutrients (Doss et l., 2011) whih re neee for the synthesis of loo omponents. Bloo uri i of the hikens fe the ifferent experimentl iets were signifintly (P<0.05) ffete y the iets. The roiler hikens fe 0 n 5% RSOSM reore similr vlues whih were signifintly (P<0.05) lower thn the vlues for roiler hikens fe 10, 15, 20 n 25% RSOSM. The signifint inrese in uri i levels of the hikens fe higher levels of the rw see mel ws ttriute to the effet of high onentrtion of nti-nutritionl ftors present in the see mel whih onsequently ffete the qulity of protein n utiliztion. This ws uttresse y Aiol (2001) who oserve tht high uri i vlue is n inition of poor protein qulity. Akinmutimi n Onen (2008) lso reporte similr verse effet of ym peel mel on roiler hikens n implite ntinutritionl ftors s the use of suh effet. Cholesterol vlues were signifintly (P<0.05) lower in roiler hikens fe 15, 20 n 25% of RSOSM. Wrh et l. (2012) in similr stuy fe roiler hikens with 5% powere leves of Phyllnthus uxifolus n reporte signifintly (P<0.05) lower holesterol vlues ompre to group of hikens fe the positive ontrol iet. The uthors ttriute the reution of the holesterol to the effets of phytohemils present in the lef mel whih supporte the finings of this stuy. Ue (2001) n Dong et l. (2007) expline tht sponins ply role in lowering holesterol euse, sponins n form insolule omplexes on with holesterol from foo in the gut n inhiit its sorption in the intestine. Sponins n petins n lso inhiit the sorption of ft n holesterol from foo so tht these sustnes nnot e sore. The level of retinine s ffete y the ietry tretments showe signifint (P<0.05) ifferenes mong the tretment Tle 4. Biohemil inies of roiler hikens fe gre levels of rw Senn otusifoli see mel Prmeters Level of inlusion of RSOSM T1(0%) T2(5%) T3(10%) T4(15%) T5(20%) T6( 25%) SEM Totl protein (g/l) Alumin (g/l) Gloulin (g/l) Uri i (mmol/l) Cholesterol (mg/l) Cretinine (mmol/l) Cluim (mmol/l) Phosphorus (mmol/l) Potssium (mmol/l) Soium (mmol/l) - Chlorie Cl (mmol/l) Bironte (mmol/l) Alkline phosphtse (U/l) AST (U/l) ALT (U/l) Totl illiruin (mmo/l) CB (mmol/l) e * 0.35* 0.36* 1.97* 0.77* 23.47* 0.35* * 3.07* 2.59* * 4.71* 2.18* 0.76* 0.42* = Not signifint, SEM = Stnr error of the mens, RBC = Re loo ells, WBC = Re loo ells MCV = Men Corpusulr Volume, MCH = Men orpusulr hemogloin, MCV = men orpusulr volume, MCH = men orpusulr hemogloin, MCHC = men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion, RSOSM = Rw Senn otusifoli see mel 206

8 mens. Broiler hikens fe the positive ontrol iet (0% RSOSM) reore the lowest vlue of mmol/l while the other groups of roiler hikens fe 15, 20 n 25% RSOSM showe higher vlues. High retinine levels inites normlity of the kiney n therefore roiler hikens fe 15, 20 n 25% levels were suspete to hve kiney normlity. This verse effet my e ue to the effets of high onentrtion of nti-nutritionl ftors in the iets ontining 15 20% levels of RSOSM. Ojeirn et l. (2012) pointe out tht retinine is wste prout of protein metolism tht is exrete vi the kiney whih is the most sensitive iomrkers employe in the ignosis of renl mge. Therefore, the signifint inrese (P<0.05) in retinine levels reore in this stuy my e n inition tht the kineys of the hikens fe higher levels of RSOSM were versely ffete y the ntinutritionl ftors present in the iets. The retinine vlue whih is within the rnge of mmol/l is however, higher thn the vlue of 44 mmol/l reporte y Isihomen et l. (2011) for roiler hikens of similr ge. The eletrolyte onstituents of roiler hikens fe gre levels of RSOSM were signifintly (P<0.05) influene y the experimentl iets. The levels of some of the eletrolyte onstituents were oserve to eline s the levels of RSOSM inrese in the experimentl iets. This oserve tren my e ue to inrese in the onentrtion of nti-nutritionl ftors s the levels of RSOSM inrese in the iets. Dn (2005) reporte tht phyttes n helte ivlent metls or even lok the sorption of essentil minerls in the intestinl trt onsequently ffeting their vilility in the oy of nimls. Ekenynwu et l. (2010) further pointe out tht oxlte n versely ffet lium utiliztion y removing it from the loo in form of lium oxltes onsequently resulting to renl mge. Dyer et l. (2000) in their stuy reporte tht eletrolyte onstituents re essentil tools in ssessing the funtionl pity of the kiney. The lium levels whih rnge from 1.51 to 6.01 mg/l in iets T1 to T6 re lower thn the vlue of 9.34 mg/l reporte y Isihomen et l. (2011). The phosphorus level is lso lower thn the phosphorus vlue of 4.14 mg/l reporte y sme uthors. The ironte vlue reore in this stuy is lower thn the vlue of 30 mmol/l reporte y Borges et l. (2003). The levels of the hepti enzymes suh s sprtte mino trnsferse (AST) n lnine mino trnsferse (ALT) were signifintly elevte in roiler hikens fe 10, 15, 20 n 25% levels of RSOSM with 25% levels reoring the highest vlue. The generl pttern showe tht the levels of the enzymes inrese with inresing levels of the RSOSM. This elevtion of these serum enzymes, is linke to inrese in the onentrtion of the toxi omponents of the see s the levels of the see mel inreses. These liver enzymes re usully use s surrogte mrkers for hepti injury (Dos, 2003; Liz, 2003; Svetlovet, 2003). The result of this stuy is in greement with tht of Emiol et l. (2013) who reporte tht inrese tivities of hepti trnsminse is n inition of inrese tolism of mino is n liver mge. The ALT otine in this stuy is higher thn the norml vlue (10.20 µ/l) reporte y Bhmn et l. (2014). The levels of totl iliruin n onjugte iliruin reore in this stuy, inite signifintly (P<0.05) liner inrese s the levels of RSOSM inrese in the experimentl iets. The inrese in levels of the nti-nutritionl ftors s the level of the rw see mel sens might e the mjor use of this effet n my versely ffet the physiologil funtions of the liver. Howr (2009) reporte tht elevte iliruin levels in the loo re pointer towrs liver injury. The lower levels of oth totl n onjugte iliruin oserve in the positive ontrol group my e ue to the sene of RSOSM in the iets. Conlusion Hemtologil results showe tht pke ell volume (PCV), white loo ells (WBC) ount, hemogloin (H), men orpusulr volume (MCV), men orpusulr hemogloin MCH) n men orpusulr hemogloin onentrtion (MCHC) of the roiler hikens fe the experimentl iets were not signifintly ifferent mong the tretment groups. However, hemtologil vlues otine were slightly lower thn the norml rnge for roiler hikens of similr ge. The iohemil inies of the roiler hikens revele signifint vrition mong the tretment groups. Totl protein, lumin n gloulin were oserve to erese with progressive inrese in the level of rw Senn otusifoli see mel (RSOSM). Similrly, the serum eletrolyte omponents (lium, phosphorus, soium, hlorie n ironte) inite reuing tren s the onentrtion of RSOSM inreses in the experimentl iets. The serum enzymes (sprtte mino trnsferse n lnine mino trnsferse) were oserve to e elevte s the onentrtion of RSOSM inreses in the iets. The iliruin levels were lso oserve to e more elevte t 25% inlusion level of RSOSM. It n e onlue tht inorportion of RSOSM eyon 5% in the iets of roiler hikens hs verse effets on loo prmeters espeilly the iohemil prmeters. Referene Aiol SS, Hemtologil inies n serum metolites of okerel fe hthery wste mel iets. Tropil Veterinin, 18, Aeyo AA, Mui region geogrhil sysnthesis prlete. Pulishers Yol, Nigeri, p Akinmutimi AH n Onen GE, The response of roiler finisher irs fe gre levels of ym peel mel in ple of mizese iets. Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene, 7, Akounu IO n Agykw CW, A Hnook of West n Afrin Wees 2 e. Pulishe y INTEC printers, In, p Apt DF, Biohemil, nutritionl n toxiogil ssessment of some tropil legume sees. Thesis for MS, sumitte to Fulty of Agriulture, University of In, In, Nigeri. Augustine C, Aulrhmn BS, Sui IY, Zir SP, Kwri ID, Trimuk LI, Miig R n Nyls BP, Evlution of nutrient n nti-nutrient omponents of offee senn (Senn oientlis) see mel in Mui. Amw Stte University Journl of Sientifi Reserh, 4, Augustine C, Evlution of sikle po (Senn otusifoli) see mel s soure of protein for omesti hikens. Thesis for PhD, Deprtment of Animl Siene, University of Miuguri, Borno Stte, Nigeri. Bhmn A, Alirez T n Simk A, Biohemil profile of hikens: Comprtive stuy on loo profile of inigenous n Ross 308-Broiler reeers, p Borges SA, Fisher Silv VA, Ariki JI, Hooge DM n Cummings KR, Dietry eletrolyte lne for roiler hikens expose to themoneutrl or het-stresse environment. Poultry Siene, 82, Dn I, Helth-fresh ontroversy over sfety of soyen. The Punh News Pper, 26, 46. Dos NA, Twelves CJ, Gresory WJ, Crukshnk C, Rihr MA 207

9 n Reuens RD, Epiruiin in ptient with liver ysfuntion evelopment n evlution of novel ose moifition sheme. Europen Journl of Cner, 39, Dong XF, Go WW, Tong JM, Ji HQ, S RN n Zhng Q, Effet of polysvone (Alflf extrt) on ominl ft eposition n immunity in roiler hikens. Poultry Siene, 86, Doss A, Puglenthgi M, Vivel VG, Sushini G n Anith Sush R, Effets of proessing tehnique on the nutritionl omposition n nti-nutritients of uner-utilize foo legume. Interntionl Foo Reserh, 18, Dyer A, Morgn S, Wells P n Willims EC, The use of zeolites s low relese ntihelminthi rriers. Journl of Helminthology, 74, Ekenynwu RC, Njoku O n Ononogu IC, The phytohemil omposition n some iohemil effets of Nigerin tiger nut (Cyperus esulentus L). Pkistn Journl of Nutrition, 9, Ekpenyong CE, Akpn EE n Uo, Phytohemistry n toxiity stuies of Telfiri oientlis queous leves extrt on liver iohemil inies in Wistr rts. Amerin Journl of Meiine n Meil Sienes, 2, Emiol IA, Ojeirn TK n Ayji JA, Biohemil n hemtologil inies of roiler hikens fe ifferently proesse legume see mels. Interntionl Journl of Applie Agriulture n Apiulture, 1 & 2, Howr JW, Cirrhosis. In: Mirosoft Enrt, DVD Rymon, W.A. Mirosoft oopertion Ingweye JN, Klio GA, Uu JA n Umoren EP, Nutritionl evlution of wil sikle po (Senn otusifoli) sees from Onliku, South Estern, Nigeri. Amerin Journl of Foo Tehnology, 5, Isihomen CE, Ozoje MO n Nji AA, Hemtologil n serum iohemil inies of lol n exoti hikens in sutropil n tropil environment. Europen Journl of Biologil Sienes, 3, Ismil YS, Denn MK, Emmnuel KM n Augustine C, Nutritionl n phytohemil sreening of Senn otusifoli inigenous to Mui. Avnes in Applie Siene Reserh, 22, , th Jin NC, Shlm s Veterinry Hemtology (4 eition). Le n Feiger, Philelphi, USA. Khn TA n Zfr F, Hemtologil stuy in response to vrying oses of estrogen in roiler hikens. Interntionl Journl of Poultry Siene, 10, Liener IE, Implition of nti-nutritionl omponents in soyen foos. CRC. Critil Review in Foo Siene n Nutrition, 34, Liz H, Monitoring test for people with HIV-Liver Funtion test. Bulletin of experimentl tretment for AIDS, pus/et/2003/e030203html retrieve 9/6/2015. Muuike FN n Ogonny O, The potentil use of white str pple see (Chrysophyllum lium) n physi nut (Jtroph urs) s fee ingreients for rts. Journl ft. Agriulturl Veterinry Meiine, 1, Mry LA Giknis n Chrles B Cliffor, Clinil lortory prmeters for Crl:WI (Hn), p. 2. Oun CO, Aynwle BA, Yhy MS, Allison DS n Olfehn OA, Growth n hemtologil sttus of strter roiler hiks fe iets ontining Afzeli frin see mels In: Proeeings of th the 14 Annul Conferene of Animl Siene Assoition of Nigeri th th (ASAN), Septemer 14 17, 2009, LAUTECH, Ogomoso, Nigeri, pp Ohei T n Kolhtkr A, Meil Lortory Siene Theory n Prtie. Tt MGrw-Hill Pulishing Compny Limite, New Delhi, Ini, p Ojeirn TK, Emiol IA, Ogunwemimo O n Olyeni TB, Effet of proesse Jtroph urs kernel ke on the loo profile th n iohemil inies of roiler. In: Proeeing of the 17 Annul th th Conferene of Animl Siene Assoition of Nigeri (ASAN) 9-13 Septemer, Auj, pp Okereke CO Ukhukwu SN n Nsr EE Potentils of th ssv leves n/or folige in poultry In. Proeeings of the 40 Annul Conferene of the Agriulturl Soiety of Nigeri (ASN), Ai Stte, Nigeri, pp Puzeng U, Feeing prent stok. Zooteni Interntionl, pp Phillips JE n Best MA, Liver Funtion Test. Gle Enylopei of Surgery: A guie for ptients n regivers st retrieve on 21 My, Sttistix, Sttistix for winows mnul. Anlytil Softwre. Version 8.0. Svetlovet SL, Xing Y, Oli MW, Foley DP, Hung G, Hyes RL, Ottens AK n Wng KW, Ientifition n preliminry vlition of novel iomrkers of ute hepti ishemil/ reperfusion injury using ul pltform proteomi/egromi pprohes. Biomkers, 11, Tuleun CD, Aenkol AY n Oryg KT, Nturlly fermente muun see mel se iets: effet on performne n rss hrteristis of roiler hikens. Reserh Journl of Poultry Siene, 4, Ue H, Short-term feeing response in hiks to te sponin. Journl of Poultry Siene, 86, Ukhukwu SN n Osugwu NC, Digestiility n energy metolism of rw muun oinhinensis y growing rits. Journl of Sustinle Agriulture, 8, Wrh TS, Bimo Aksono E n Kusriningrum H, Reution of intrellulr lipis umultion serum leptin n holesterol levels in roilers fe iet supplemente with power leves of Phyllnthus uxifolius. Asin Journl of Agriulturl Siene, 6, Wikivet, Chiken hemtology referene rnges. th Retrieve 26, June,

10 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 9, No 3, 2017 CONTENTS 1 / 2 Reviews Prolems n hievements of otton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) wees ontrol T. Brkov, G. Delhev Ahievements n prolems in the wee ontrol in grin sorghum (Sorghum Biolor Moenh.) G. Delhev, M. Georgiev Genetis n Breeing Prthenogeneti responsiveness of sunflower hyri omintions with expresse tolerne to heriies M. Drumev, P. Ynkov In vitro propgtion of oil-ering rose (Ros msen Mill.) V. Bzhelov Nutrition n Physiology Vrition in the hemil omposition n physil hrteristis of grin from winter rley vrieties B. Dyulgerov, N. Dyulgerov, D. Dimov Hemtologil n serum iohemil inies of roiler hikens fe rw sikle po (Senn otusifoli) see mel C. Augustine, I.D. Kwri, J.U. Igweuike, S.B. Amu Prey size seletivity of pikeperh (Sner Luioper L.) fe with topmouth gugeon (Pseuorsor Prv Temmink & Shlegel) M. Gevezov-Kzkov, M. Ynkov, T. Huenov, A. Zikov, G. Rusenov Influene of orgni nitrogen menment, ontining mino is on the ellulse n xylnse, proue y Trihoerm spp. isoltes D. Drgnov, I. Vlhev, Y. Kuzmnov, M. Nyenov Proution Systems Justifition of metho for etermining the moment for swithing on the level one signling of fille grin hrvester hoppers G. Tihnov, B. Kolev, K. Trenfilov, N. Delhev, Y. Stoynov Mthemtil pprohes for ssessment n lssifition of the Europen Union memer sttes se on the verge yiel of vegetles for the perio N. Kernov

11 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 9, No 3, 2017 CONTENTS 2 / 2 Present sttus of Zymoseptori tritii (Myosphrell grminiol /Fukel/ Shroter) of the whet ultures in the Repuli of Meoni I. Krov, E. Arsov 227 Agriulture n Environment Influene of si grotehnil tivities on the proutivity n yiel of Tritium monooum L. S. Stmtov, K. Uzunzhliev, E. Vlhinov, G. Deshev, P. Chvrov, B. Kyosev, T. Cholkov, R. Rusev, N. Velhev Avifun unne n iversity in Jos willife prk, Nigeri B.T. Kwg, D. Iliy, A. Ali, D. Khoe Eologil nlysis of the flor in the 'Chinrite' protete re - Roopi muniiplity, Bulgri L. Dosptliev, M. Lhev Prout Qulity n Sfety Foo emulsions with mite petin from elery (Apium grveolens vr. rpeum D. C.) tuers Iv. Petrov, N. Petkov, M. Ognynov, Ap. Simithiev, M. Toorov, P. Denev Sensory n instrumentl texture nlysis of Bulgrin ommeril ptes M. Tonhev, T. Atnsov, A. Toorov, Ts. Atnsov, N. Shtrnkov, M. Momhilov G. Zsivnovits Short Communition Influene of elevte pltform (wire-mesh or wooen) in the ge on omesti rit (Orytolgus uniulus) tivity S. Peev, E. Rihev, D. Georgiev, A. Stefnov 257

12 Instrution for uthors Preprtion of ppers Ppers shll e sumitte t the eitoril offie type on stnr typing pges (A4, 30 lines per pge, 62 hrters per line). The eitors reommen up to 15 pges for full reserh pper ( inluing strt referenes, tles, figures n other ppenies) The mnusript shoul e struture s follows: Title, Nmes of uthors n ffilition ress, Astrt, List of keywors, Introution, Mteril n methos,results, Disussion, Conlusion, Aknowlegements (if ny), Referenes, Tles, Figures. The title nees to e s onise n informtive out the nture of reserh. It shoul e written with smll letter /ol, 14/ without ny revitions. Nmes n ffilition of uthors The nmes of the uthors shoul e presente from the initils of first nmes followe y the fmily nmes. The omplete ress n nme of the institution shoul e stte next. The ffilition of uthors re esignte y ifferent signs. For the uthor who is going to e orresponing y the eitoril or n reers, n E-mil ress n telephone numer shoul e presente s footnote on the first pge. Corresponing uthor is inite with *. Astrt shoul e not more thn 350 wors. It shoul e lerly stte wht new finings hve een me in the ourse of reserh. Arevitions n referenes to uthors re inmissile in the summry. It shoul e unerstnle without hving re the pper n shoul e in one prgrph. Keywors: Up to mximum of 5 keywors shoul e selete not repeting the title ut giving the essene of stuy. The introution must nswer the following questions: Wht is known n wht is new on the stuie issue? Wht neessitte the reserh prolem, esrie in the pper? Wht is your hypothesis n gol? Mteril n methos: The ojets of reserh, orgniztion of experiments, hemil nlyses, sttistil n other methos n onitions pplie for the experiments shoul e esrie in etil. A riterion of suffiient informtion is to e possile for others to repet the experiment in orer to verify results. Results re presente in unerstnle tles n figures, ompnie y the sttistil prmeters neee for the evlution. Dt from tles n figures shoul not e repete in the text. Tles shoul e s simple n s few s possile. Eh tle shoul hve its own explntory title n to e type on seprte pge. They shoul e outsie the min oy of the text n n inition shoul e given where it shoul e inserte. Figures shoul e shrp with goo ontrst n renition. Grphi mterils shoul e preferre. Photogrphs to e pproprite for printing. Illustrtions re supplie in olour s n exeption fter speil greement with the eitoril or n possile pyment of extr osts. The figures re to e eh in single file n their lotion shoul e given within the text. Disussion: The ojetive of this setion is to inite the sientifi signifine of the stuy. By ompring the results n onlusions of other sientists the ontriution of the stuy for expning or moifying existing knowlege is pointe out lerly n onviningly to the reer. Conlusion: The most importnt onsequenes for the siene n prtie resulting from the onute reserh shoul e summrize in few sentenes. The onlusions shouln't e numere n no new prgrphs e use. Contriutions re the ore of onlusions. Referenes: In the text, referenes shoul e ite s follows: single uthor: Snerg (2002); two uthors: Anersson n Georges (2004); more thn two uthors: Anersson et l.(2003). When severl referenes re ite simultneously, they shoul e rnke y hronologil orer e.g.: (Snerg, 2002; Anersson et l., 2003; Anersson n Georges, 2004). Referenes re rrnge lphetilly y the nme of the first uthor. If n uthor is ite more thn one, first his iniviul pulitions re given rnke y yer, then ome pulitions with one o-uthor, two o-uthors, et. The nmes of uthors, rtile n journl titles in the Cyrilli or lphet ifferent from Ltin, shoul e trnsliterte into Ltin n rtile titles shoul e trnslte into English. The originl lnguge of rtiles n ooks trnslte into English is inite in prenthesis fter the iliogrphi referene (Bulgrin = Bg, Russin = Ru, Serin = Sr, if in the Cyrilli, Mongolin = Мо, Greek = Gr, Georgin = Geor., Jpnese = Jа, Chinese = Ch, Ari = Аr, et.) The following orer in the referene list is reommene: Journl rtiles: Author(s) surnme n initils, yer. Title. Full title of the journl, volume, pges. Exmple: Simm G, Lewis RM, Gruny B n Dingwll WS, Responses to seletion for len growth in sheep. Animl Siene, 74, Books: Author(s) surnme n initils, yer. Title. Eition, nme of pulisher, ple of pulition. Exmple: Olenroek JK, Genenks n the onservtion of frm niml geneti resoures, Seon eition. DLO Institute f o r A n i m l S i e n e n H e l t h, Netherlns. Book hpter or onferene proeeings: Author(s) surnme n initils, yer. Title. In: Title of the ook or of the proeeings followe y the eitor(s), volume, pges. Nme of pulisher, ple of pulition. Exmple: Muff G, Pulverer G, Operkuh W, Hummel K n Hien C, C3- vrints n iverse phenotypes of unonverte n onverte C3. In: Provies of the Biologil Fluis (e. H. Peters), vol. 22, , Pergmon Press. Oxfor, UK. Toorov N n Mitev J, Effet of level of feeing uring ry perio, n oy onition sore on reproutive perforth mne in iry ows,ix Interntionl Conferene on Proution Diseses in Frm Animls, Septemer 11 14, Berlin, Germny. Thesis: Hristov D, Investigtion on geneti iversity in lol sheep rees using DNA mrkers. Thesis for PhD, Trki University, Str Zgor, Bulgri, (Bg). The Eitoril Bor of the Journl is not responsile for inorret quotes of referene soures n the relevnt violtions of opyrights. Animl welfre Stuies performe on experimentl nimls shoul e rrie out oring to interntionlly reognize guielines for niml welfre. Tht shoul e lerly esrie in the respetive setion Mteril n methos.

13 Volume 9, Numer 3 Septemer